1
|
Ghasemi F, Jahani A, Moradi A, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Jirofti N. Different Modification Methods of Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Bone Cement for Orthopedic Surgery Applications. THE ARCHIVES OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY 2023; 11:485-492. [PMID: 37674694 PMCID: PMC10479821 DOI: 10.22038/abjs.2023.71289.3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In clinical practice, bone defects that occur alongside tumors, infections, or other bone diseases present significant challenges in the orthopedic field. Although autologous and allogeneic grafts are introduced as common traditional remedies in this field, their applications have a series of limitations. Various approaches have been attempted to treat large and irregularly shaped bone defects; however, their success has been less than optimal due to a range of issues related to material and design. However, in recent years, additive manufacturing has emerged as a promising solution to the challenge of creating implants that can be perfectly tailored to fit individual defects during surgical procedures. By fabrication of constructs with specific designs using this technique, surgeons are able to achieve much better outcomes for patients. Polymers, ceramics, and metals have been used as biomaterials in Orthopedic Surgery fields. Polymeric scaffolds have been used successfully in total joint replacements, soft tissue reconstruction, joint fusion, and as fracture fixation devices. The use of polymeric biomaterials, either in the form of pre-made solid scaffolds or injectable pastes that can harden in situ, shows great promise as a substitute for commonly used autografts and allografts. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most widely used polymer cement in orthopedic surgery. The present paper begins with an introduction and will then provide an overview of the properties, advantages/disadvantages, applications, and modifications of PMMA bone cement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghasemi
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Fatemeh Ghasemi and Afsaneh Jahani equally contributed as co-first author
| | - Afsaneh Jahani
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
- Fatemeh Ghasemi and Afsaneh Jahani equally contributed as co-first author
| | - Ali Moradi
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad H. Ebrahimzadeh
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Jirofti
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Szczepanski HE, Flannigan KL, Mainoli B, Alston L, Baruta GM, Lee JW, Venu VKP, Shearer J, Dufour A, Hirota SA. NR4A1 modulates intestinal smooth muscle cell phenotype and dampens inflammation-associated intestinal remodeling. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22609. [PMID: 36250380 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101817rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Stricture formation is a common complication of Crohn's disease (CD), driven by enhanced deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and expansion of the intestinal smooth muscle layers. Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) is an orphan nuclear receptor that exhibits anti-proliferative effects in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We hypothesized that NR4A1 regulates intestinal SMC proliferation and muscle thickening in the context of inflammation. Intestinal SMCs isolated from Nr4a1+/+ and Nr4a1-/- littermates were subjected to shotgun proteomic analysis, proliferation, and bioenergetic assays. Proliferation was assessed in the presence and absence of NR4A1 agonists, cytosporone-B (Csn-B) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). In vivo, we compared colonic smooth muscle thickening in Nr4a1+/+ and Nr4a1-/- mice using the chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of colitis. Second, SAMP1/YitFc mice (a model of spontaneous ileitis) were treated with Csn-B and small intestinal smooth muscle thickening was assessed. SMCs isolated from Nr4a1-/- mice exhibited increased abundance of proteins related to cell proliferation, metabolism, and ECM production, whereas Nr4a1+/+ SMCs highly expressed proteins related to the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and contractile processes. SMCs isolated from Nr4a1-/- mice exhibited increased proliferation and alterations in cellular metabolism, whereas activation of NR4A1 attenuated proliferation. In vivo, Nr4a1-/- mice exhibited increased colonic smooth muscle thickness following repeated cycles of DSS. Activating NR4A1 with Csn-B, in the context of established inflammation, reduced ileal smooth muscle thickening in SAMP1/YitFc mice. Targeting NR4A1 may provide a novel approach to regulate intestinal SMC phenotype, limiting excessive proliferation that contributes to stricture development in CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly E Szczepanski
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kyle L Flannigan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Barbara Mainoli
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laurie Alston
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Grace M Baruta
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joshua W Lee
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vivek Krishna Pulakazhi Venu
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simon A Hirota
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen H, Li X, Gao L, Zhang D, Han T. Construction and identification of an immortalized rat intestinal smooth muscle cell line. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14359. [PMID: 35411597 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although intestinal smooth muscle cells (ISMCs) play an important role in the remodeling of the intestinal structure, considerably less is known about the molecular mechanisms that mediate the development and growth of ISMCs. A possible reason for this lag is the lack of cell lines that recapitulate ISMCs in vivo. METHODS In this study, we separated the primary ISMCs from the rat intestinal tract and integrated the Simian Vacuolating virus 40 Large T antigen (SV40 LT) gene into the genome of the primary ISMC to construct an immortalized cell line named ISMC-Hc. KEY RESULTS ISMC-Hc proliferated persistently without any signs of senescence up to 50 passages and without neoplasticity. Analysis of the genome isolated from ISMC-Hc confirmed that the SV40LT gene recombined in the genome, and mRNA reverse transcription PCR suggested that SV40LT could be expressed normally. In addition, ISMC-Hc had few morphological differences compared with the primary ISMC. Furthermore, ISMC-Hc showed the expression of the specific protein markers (alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin) through immunofluorescence analysis. Further studies showed that ISMC-Hc had enhanced contractility and expressed the glial-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and leukemia inhibitory factor after co-stimulation with IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES ISMC-Hc showed characteristics similar to that of primary ISMC and can be used as an in vitro model to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms of ISMC. Additionally, the immortalized ISMCs could help investigate the basic functional mechanisms of intestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Chen
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liping Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of digestive diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of digestive diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tiyun Han
- Key Laboratory of digestive diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huldani H, Margiana R, Ahmad F, Opulencia MJC, Ansari MJ, Bokov DO, Abdullaeva NN, Siahmansouri H. Immunotherapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through mesenchymal stem cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
5
|
Dietary salt exacerbates intestinal fibrosis in chronic TNBS colitis via fibroblasts activation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15055. [PMID: 34301970 PMCID: PMC8302708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a frequent complication in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). It is a challenge to identify environmental factors such as diet that may be driving this risk. Intestinal fibrosis result from accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins secreted by myofibroblasts. Factors promoting intestinal fibrosis are unknown, but diet appears to be a critical component in its development. Consumption of salt above nutritional recommendations can exacerbate chronic inflammation. So far, high salt diet (HSD) have not been thoroughly investigated in the context of intestinal fibrosis associated to IBD. In the present study, we analyze the role of dietary salt in TNBS chronic colitis induced in rat, an intestinal fibrosis model, or in human colon fibroblast cells. Here, we have shown that high-salt diet exacerbates undernutrition and promoted ECM-associated proteins in fibroblasts. Taken together, our results suggested that dietary salt can activate intestinal fibroblasts, thereby contributing to exacerbation of intestinal fibrosis. Dietary salt may be considered as a putative environmental factor that drives intestinal fibrosis risk.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mao R, Doyon G, Gordon IO, Li JN, Lin SN, Wang J, Le THN, Elias M, Kurada S, Southern BD, Olman M, Chen MH, Zhao S, Dejanovic D, Chandra J, Mukherjee PK, West G, van Wagoner DR, Fiocchi C, Rieder F. Activated intestinal muscle cells promote preadipocyte migration: a novel mechanism for creeping fat formation in Crohn's disease. Gut 2021; 71:55-67. [PMID: 33468536 PMCID: PMC8286985 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Creeping fat, the wrapping of mesenteric fat around the bowel wall, is a typical feature of Crohn's disease, and is associated with stricture formation and bowel obstruction. How creeping fat forms is unknown, and we interrogated potential mechanisms using novel intestinal tissue and cell interaction systems. DESIGN Tissues from normal, UC, non-strictured and strictured Crohn's disease intestinal specimens were obtained. The muscularis propria matrisome was determined via proteomics. Mesenteric fat explants, primary human preadipocytes and adipocytes were used in multiple ex vivo and in vitro cell migration systems on muscularis propria muscle cell derived or native extracellular matrix. Functional experiments included integrin characterisation via flow cytometry and their inhibition with specific blocking antibodies and chemicals. RESULTS Crohn's disease muscularis propria cells produced an extracellular matrix scaffold which is in direct spatial and functional contact with the immediately overlaid creeping fat. The scaffold contained multiple proteins, but only fibronectin production was singularly upregulated by transforming growth factor-β1. The muscle cell-derived matrix triggered migration of preadipocytes out of mesenteric fat, fibronectin being the dominant factor responsible for their migration. Blockade of α5β1 on the preadipocyte surface inhibited their migration out of mesenteric fat and on 3D decellularised intestinal tissue extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION Crohn's disease creeping fat appears to result from the migration of preadipocytes out of mesenteric fat and differentiation into adipocytes in response to an increased production of fibronectin by activated muscularis propria cells. These new mechanistic insights may lead to novel approaches for prevention of creeping fat-associated stricture formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital
of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Genevieve Doyon
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ilyssa O. Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA
| | - Jian-Nan Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thi Hong Nga Le
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Elias
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Satya Kurada
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition,
Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute; Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland,
USA
| | - Brian D. Southern
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mitchell Olman
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Min-hu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital
of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dina Dejanovic
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jyotsna Chandra
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Pranab K. Mukherjee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gail West
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David R. van Wagoner
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Science, Lerner
Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition,
Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute; Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland,
USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA .,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Askari M, Afzali Naniz M, Kouhi M, Saberi A, Zolfagharian A, Bodaghi M. Recent progress in extrusion 3D bioprinting of hydrogel biomaterials for tissue regeneration: a comprehensive review with focus on advanced fabrication techniques. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:535-573. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00973c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, 3D bioprinting has received immense attention from research communities to bridge the divergence between artificially engineered tissue constructs and native tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Askari
- Department of Engineering
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham NG11 8NS
- UK
| | - Moqaddaseh Afzali Naniz
- Department of Engineering
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham NG11 8NS
- UK
| | - Monireh Kouhi
- Biomaterials Research Group
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Iran
| | - Azadeh Saberi
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department
- Materials and Energy Research Center
- Tehran
- Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham NG11 8NS
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dupont-Lucas C, Marion-Letellier R, Pala M, Guerin C, Amamou A, Jarbeau M, Bôle-Feysot C, Nicol L, David A, Aziz M, Colasse E, Savoye-Collet C, Savoye G. A polymeric diet rich in transforming growth factor beta 2 does not reduce inflammation in chronic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis in pre-pubertal rats. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:416. [PMID: 33302890 PMCID: PMC7731574 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric Crohn's disease is characterized by a higher incidence of complicated phenotypes. Murine models help to better understand the dynamic process of intestinal fibrosis and test therapeutic interventions. Pre-pubertal models are lacking. We aimed to adapt a model of chronic colitis to pre-pubertal rats and test if a polymeric diet rich in TGF-β2 could reduce TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. METHODS Colitis was induced in 20 five-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats by weekly rectal injections of increasing doses of TNBS (90 mg/kg, 140 mg/kg and 180 mg/kg) for 3 weeks, while 10 controls received phosphate-buffered saline. Rats were anesthetized using ketamine and chlorpromazine. After first administration of TNBS, 10 rats were fed exclusively MODULEN IBD® powder, while remaining rats were fed breeding chow. Colitis was assessed one week after last dose of TNBS by histopathology and magnetic resonance colonography (MRC). RESULTS Histological inflammation and fibrosis scores were higher in TNBS group than controls (p < 0.05 for both). MRC showed increased colon wall thickness in TNBS group compared to controls (p < 0.01), and increased prevalence of strictures and target sign (p < 0.05). Colon expression of COL1A1, CTGF, α-SMA and COX-2 did not differ between TNBS rats and controls. TNBS colitis was not associated with growth failure. Treatment with MODULEN IBD® was associated with growth failure, increased colon weight/length ratio (p < 0.01), but did not affect histological scores or MRI characteristics. Colon expression of α-SMA was significantly lower in the MODULEN group versus controls (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Features of chronic colitis were confirmed in this model, based on MRC and histopathology. Treatment with MODULEN did not reverse inflammation or fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Dupont-Lucas
- INSERM UMR 1073, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France. .,Department of Pediatrics, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France. .,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
| | - Rachel Marion-Letellier
- INSERM UMR 1073, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France.,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Mathilde Pala
- INSERM UMR 1073, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France.,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Charlène Guerin
- INSERM UMR 1073, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France.,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Asma Amamou
- INSERM UMR 1073, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France.,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Marine Jarbeau
- INSERM UMR 1073, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France.,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Christine Bôle-Feysot
- INSERM UMR 1073, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France.,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Lionel Nicol
- INSERM UMR 1096, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France.,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Amelyne David
- INSERM UMR 1096, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France.,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Moutaz Aziz
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Elodie Colasse
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Céline Savoye-Collet
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Radiology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,QUANTIF-LITIS EA 4108, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Guillaume Savoye
- INSERM UMR 1073, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France.,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alfredsson J, Wick MJ. Mechanism of fibrosis and stricture formation in Crohn's disease. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12990. [PMID: 33119150 PMCID: PMC7757243 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that leads to substantial suffering for millions of patients. In some patients, the chronic inflammation leads to remodelling of the extracellular matrix and fibrosis. Fibrosis, in combination with expansion of smooth muscle layers, leaves the bowel segment narrowed and stiff resulting in strictures, which often require urgent medical intervention. Although stricture development is associated with inflammation in the affected segment, anti‐inflammatory therapies fall far short of treating strictures. At best, current therapies might allow some patients to avoid surgery in a shorter perspective and no anti‐fibrotic therapy is yet available. This likely relates to our poor understanding of the mechanism underlying stricture development. Chronic inflammation is a prerequisite, but progression to strictures involves changes in fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in a poorly understood interplay with immune cells and environmental cues. Much of the experimental evidence available is from animal models, cell lines or non‐strictured patient tissue. Accordingly, these limitations create the basis for many previously published reviews covering the topic. Although this information has contributed to the understanding of fibrotic mechanisms in general, in the end, data must be validated in strictured tissue from patients. As stricture formation is a serious complication of CD, we endeavoured to summarize findings exclusively performed using strictured tissue from patients. Here, we give an update of the mechanism driving this serious complication in patients, and how the strictured tissue differs from adjacent unaffected tissue and controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Alfredsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mary Jo Wick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Buttó LF, Pelletier A, More SK, Zhao N, Osme A, Hager CL, Ghannoum MA, Sekaly RP, Cominelli F, Dave M. Intestinal Stem Cell Niche Defects Result in Impaired 3D Organoid Formation in Mouse Models of Crohn's Disease-like Ileitis. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:389-407. [PMID: 32679063 PMCID: PMC7419719 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD); however, no corrective FDA-approved therapies exist. We used an enteroid (EnO)-based system in two murine models of experimental CD, SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) and TNFΔARE/+ (TNF). While severely inflamed SAMP mice do not generate EnOs, “inflammation-free” SAMP mice form EnO structures with impaired morphology and reduced intestinal stem cell (ISC) and Paneth cell viability. We validated these findings in TNF mice concluding that inflammation in intestinal tissues impedes EnO generation and suppressing inflammation by steroid administration partially rescues impaired formation in SAMP mice. We generated the first high-resolution transcriptional profile of the SAMP ISC niche demonstrating that alterations in multiple key pathways contribute to niche defect and targeting them may partially rescue the phenotype. Furthermore, we correlated the defects in formation and the rescue of EnO formation to reduced viability of ISCs and Paneth cells. Enteroid (EnO) formation is impaired in inflammation-free SAMP mice SAMP EnOs maintain impaired functions ex vivo recapitulating epithelial CD defect Inflammation impedes EnO formation, which is partially restored by steroid treatment Reduced number of viable intestinal stem and Paneth cells correlate with EnO defect
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica F Buttó
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5066, USA; Department of Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Adam Pelletier
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shyam K More
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1615, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5066, USA
| | - Abdullah Osme
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5066, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christopher L Hager
- Center for Medical Mycology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Ghannoum
- Center for Medical Mycology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5066, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Maneesh Dave
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5066, USA; Department of Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1615, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vetuschi A, Pompili S, Di Marco GP, Calvaruso F, Iacomino E, Angelosante L, Festuccia C, Colapietro A, Sferra R. Can the AGE/RAGE/ERK signalling pathway and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition interact in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps? Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 31988531 PMCID: PMC7003139 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a persistent sinonasal mucosa inflammatory disease with still unclear pathophysiologic mechanisms that imply events of tissue repair and structural remodelling. Several cascades seem to have a considerable role in the onset and progression of mucosa hyperproliferation in nasal polyps including transforming growth factor β/Small mother against decapentaplegic (TGFβ/Smads), mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs), advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs) together with epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (EMT). Since many inflammatory mediators are reported to play important roles in the development of nasal polyps (NP) disease, this study aimed to analyse the correlation between the AGEs/receptor of advanced glycosylation end-products (RAGE)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling pathway and the main markers of EMT to better understand the influence that they exert on the remodelling of nasal mucous membranes in patients affected by CRSwNP vs normal controls. A total of 30 patients were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemical analysis, using AGE, RAGE, p-ERK, MMP-3, TGF-β1, Smad2/3, Collagen I-III, α-SMA, E-cadherin, IL-6 and Vimentin antibodies, was performed. AGE, RAGE, ERK, p-ERK and MMP3 were also evaluated using western blot analysis. We observed an overexpression of the AGE/RAGE/p-ERK and the main mesenchymal markers of EMT (Vimentin and IL-6) in CRSwNP vs controls whereas the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway did not show any significant differences between the two groups of patients. These observations suggest a complex network of processes in the pathogenesis of NP, and the AGE/RAGE/ERK pathway and EMT might work together in promoting tissue remodelling in the formation of CRSwNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Polio SR, Stasiak SE, Jamieson RR, Balestrini JL, Krishnan R, Parameswaran H. Extracellular matrix stiffness regulates human airway smooth muscle contraction by altering the cell-cell coupling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9564. [PMID: 31267003 PMCID: PMC6606622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For an airway or a blood vessel to narrow, there must be a connected path that links the smooth muscle (SM) cells with each other, and transmits forces around the organ, causing it to constrict. Currently, we know very little about the mechanisms that regulate force transmission pathways in a multicellular SM ensemble. Here, we used extracellular matrix (ECM) micropatterning to study force transmission in a two-cell ensemble of SM cells. Using the two-SM cell ensemble, we demonstrate (a) that ECM stiffness acts as a switch that regulates whether SM force is transmitted through the ECM or through cell-cell connections. (b) Fluorescent imaging for adherens junctions and focal adhesions show the progressive loss of cell-cell borders and the appearance of focal adhesions with the increase in ECM stiffness (confirming our mechanical measurements). (c) At the same ECM stiffness, we show that the presence of a cell-cell border substantially decreases the overall contractility of the SM cell ensemble. Our results demonstrate that connectivity among SM cells is a critical factor to consider in the development of diseases such as asthma and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Polio
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Suzanne E Stasiak
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ryan R Jamieson
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jenna L Balestrini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sferra R, Pompili S, D'Alfonso A, Sabetta G, Gaudio E, Carta G, Festuccia C, Colapietro A, Vetuschi A. Neurovascular alterations of muscularis propria in the human anterior vaginal wall in pelvic organ prolapse. J Anat 2019; 235:281-288. [PMID: 31148163 PMCID: PMC6637706 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pathophysiology and progression of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), it has been demonstrated that there is a reorganisation of the muscularis propria of the anterior vaginal wall due to a phenotypic smooth muscle cell to myofibroblast switch. An abnormal deposition of collagen type III seems to be influenced by the involvement of advanced glycation end‐products. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypothesis that this connective tissue remodelling could also be associated with neurovascular alterations of the muscularis in women with POP compared with control patients. We examined 30 women with POP and 10 control patients treated for uterine fibromatosis. Immunohistochemical analysis, using glial fibrillary acidic protein, S‐100 protein, receptor tyrosine kinase, neurofilament and α‐smooth muscle actin antibodies, was performed. S‐100, receptor tyrosine kinase and neurofilament were also evaluated using Western blot analysis. We observed a decrease in all neurovascular‐tested markers in nerve bundles, ganglia and interstitial cells of Cajal from POP samples as compared with controls. Even if the processes responsible for these morphological alterations are still not known, it is conceivable that collagen III deposition in the anterior vaginal wall affects not only the architecture of the muscle layer but could also modify the intramuscular neurovascularisation and account for an alteration of the neuromuscular plasticity of the layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - S Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A D'Alfonso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Sabetta
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - E Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Carta
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Colapietro
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The ecto-enzymes CD73 and adenosine deaminase modulate 5'-AMP-derived adenosine in myofibroblasts of the rat small intestine. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:409-421. [PMID: 30269308 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a versatile signaling molecule recognized to physiologically influence gut motor functions. Both the duration and magnitude of adenosine signaling in enteric neuromuscular function depend on its availability, which is regulated by the ecto-enzymes ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and ecto-adenosine deaminase (ADA) and by dipyridamole-sensitive equilibrative transporters (ENTs). Our purpose was to assess the involvement of CD73, APs, ecto-ADA in the formation of AMP-derived adenosine in primary cultures of ileal myofibroblasts (IMFs). IMFs were isolated from rat ileum longitudinal muscle segments by means of primary explant technique and identified by immunofluorescence staining for vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin. IMFs confluent monolayers were exposed to exogenous 5'-AMP in the presence or absence of CD73, APs, ecto-ADA, or ENTs inhibitors. The formation of adenosine and its metabolites in the IMFs medium was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography. The distribution of CD73 and ADA in IMFs was detected by confocal immunocytochemistry and qRT-PCR. Exogenous 5'-AMP was rapidly cleared being almost undetectable after 60-min incubation, while adenosine levels significantly increased. Treatment of IMFs with CD73 inhibitors markedly reduced 5'-AMP clearance whereas ADA blockade or inhibition of both ADA and ENTs prevented adenosine catabolism. By contrast, inhibition of APs did not affect 5'-AMP metabolism. Immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of CD73 and ADA in IMFs. Overall, our data show that in IMFs an extracellular AMP-adenosine pathway is functionally active and among the different enzymatic pathways regulating extracellular adenosine levels, CD73 and ecto-ADA represent the critical catabolic pathway.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang X, Ko HM, Torres J, Panchal HJ, Cai Z, Wagner M, Sands BE, Colombel JF, Cho J, Taouli B, Harpaz N. Luminally polarized mural and vascular remodeling in ileal strictures of Crohn's disease. Hum Pathol 2018; 79:42-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
16
|
Al-Dwairi A, Alqudah M, Al-Shboul O, Alfaqih M, Alomari D. Metformin exerts anti-inflammatory effects on mouse colon smooth muscle cells in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:985-992. [PMID: 30116349 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic incurable condition characterized by relapsing inflammation of the gut. Intestinal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are affected structurally and functionally during IBD due to excessive production of different inflammatory mediators. Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic agent known to exert several anti-inflammatory effects in different tissues independently from its hypoglycemic effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of metformin on expression and secretion of different cytokines and chemokines from mouse colon SMCs (CSMCs) following induction of inflammation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. CSMCs from male BALB/c mice were isolated and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and treated with LPS (1 µg/ml) and 0, 5, 10 or 20 mM metformin for 24 h. Expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), T cell activation gene-3 (TCA-3) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was evaluated by ELISA. LPS-treated CSMCs demonstrated significantly increased expression of TNF-α, IL-1α, M-CSF, TCA-3 and SDF-1 when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Co-treatment with metformin (5 and 10 mM) significantly reduced their expression by ~20-40% when compared with LPS treatment alone (P<0.05). Furthermore, secretion of TNF-α, IL-1α, M-CSF and TCA-3 into the conditioned media was significantly decreased by metformin (5 and 10 mM; P<0.05). In addition, metformin decreased levels of LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation. These data suggest that metformin may provide beneficial anti-inflammatory effects on CSMCs and it may be utilized as an adjunct therapy for patients suffering from IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alqudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Othman Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Dana Alomari
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wagner M, Ko HM, Chatterji M, Besa C, Torres J, Zhang X, Panchal H, Hectors S, Cho J, Colombel JF, Harpaz N, Taouli B. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Histopathological Composition of Ileal Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:718-729. [PMID: 29300851 PMCID: PMC7189968 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recently, smooth muscle hypertrophy has been suggested to be a contributor to small bowel lesions secondary to Crohn's disease [CD], in addition to inflammation and fibrosis. Here, we assess the value of magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] for the characterisation of histopathological tissue composition of small bowel CD, including inflammation, fibrosis, and smooth muscle hypertrophy. METHODS A total of 35 consecutive patients [male/female 17/18, mean age 33 years] with ileal CD, who underwent small bowel resection and a preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI examination within 1 month before surgery, were retrospectively included. Image assessment included qualitative [pattern/degree of enhancement, presence of ulcerations/fistulas/abscesses] and quantitative parameters [wall thickness on T2/T1-weighted images [WI], enhancement ratios, apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], Clermont and Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity [MaRIA] scores). MRI parameters were compared with histopathological findings including active inflammation, collagen deposition, and muscle hypertrophy using chi square/Fisher or Mann-Whitney tests and univariate/multivariate logistic/linear regression analyses. RESULTS Forty ileal segments were analysed in 35 patients. Layered pattern at early-post-contrast phase was more prevalent (odds ratio [OR] = 8; p = 0.008), ADC was significantly lower [OR = 0.005; p = 0.022], and MaRIA score was significantly higher [OR = 1.125; p = 0.022] in inflammation grades 2-3 compared with grade 1. Wall thickness on T2WI was significantly increased [OR = 1.688; p = 0.043], and fistulas [OR = 14.5; p = 0.017] were more prevalent in segments with disproportionately increased muscle hypertrophy versus those with disproportionately increased fibrosis. MaRIA/Clermont scores, wall thickness on T1WI and T2WI, and ADC were all significantly correlated with degree of muscular hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS MRI predicts the degree of inflammation, and can distinguish prominent muscle hypertrophy from prominent fibrosis in ileal CD with reasonable accuracy (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] > 0.7).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Wagner
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Department of Radiology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Huaibin Mabel Ko
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manjil Chatterji
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cecilia Besa
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joana Torres
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hinaben Panchal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefanie Hectors
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judy Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noam Harpaz
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bachir Taouli
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author: Bachir Taouli, MD, Department of Radiology and Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room 107, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Al-Dwairi A, Alqudah TE, Al-Shboul O, Alqudah M, Mustafa AG, Alfaqih MA. Glucagon-like peptide-1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects on mouse colon smooth muscle cells through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/nuclear factor-κB pathway in vitro. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:95-109. [PMID: 29593427 PMCID: PMC5865574 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s152835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) undergo substantial morphological, phenotypic, and contractile changes during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). SMCs act as a source and target for different inflammatory mediators, however their role in IBD pathogenesis is usually overlooked. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone reported to exert multiple anti-inflammatory effects in different tissues including the gastrointestinal tract through various mechanisms. Aim The aim of this research is to explore the effect of GLP-1 analog exendin-4 on the expression and secretion of inflammatory markers from mouse colon smooth muscle cells (CSMCs) after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods Freshly isolated CSMCs from male BALB/c mice were cultured in DMEM and treated with vehicle, LPS (1 μg/mL), LPS+exendin-4 (50 nM), or LPS+exendin-4 (100 nM) for 24 h. Expression of inflammatory cytokines was then evaluated by antibody array membrane. Results CSMCs showed basal expression of several cytokines which was enhanced with the induction of inflammation by LPS. However, exendin-4 (50 and 100 nM) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the expression of multiple cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), T cell activation gene-3 (TCA-3), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). To confirm these results, expression of these cytokines was further assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction and similar results were also observed. Moreover, secretion of TNF-α and IL1-α into the conditioned media was significantly downregulated by exendin-4 when compared to LPS-treated cells. Furthermore, LPS increased NF-κB phosphorylation, while exendin-4 significantly reduced levels of NF-κB phosphorylation. Conclusion These data indicate that GLP-1 analogs can exert significant anti-inflammatory effects on CSMCs and can potentially be used as an adjunct treatment for inflammatory bowel conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tamara E Alqudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Othman Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alqudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ayman G Mustafa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Fibrosis is part of a tissue repair response to injury, defined as increased deposition of extracellular matrix. In some instances, fibrosis is beneficial; however, in the majority of diseases fibrosis is detrimental. Virtually all chronic progressive diseases are associated with fibrosis, representing a huge number of patients worldwide. Fibrosis occurs in all organs and tissues, becomes irreversible with time and further drives loss of tissue function. Various cells types initiate and perpetuate pathological fibrosis by paracrine activation of the principal cellular executors of fibrosis, i.e. stromal mesenchymal cells like fibroblasts, pericytes and myofibroblasts. Multiple pathways are involved in fibrosis, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-signaling being one of the central mediators. Stromal mesenchymal cells express both PDGF receptors (PDGFR) α and β, activation of which drives proliferation, migration and production of extracellular matrix, i.e. the principal processes of fibrosis. Here, we review the role of PDGF signaling in organ fibrosis, with particular focus on the more recently described ligands PDGF-C and -D. We discuss the potential challenges, opportunities and open questions in using PDGF as a potential target for anti-fibrotic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, Germany; Division of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pellicciari C. Is there still room for novelty, in histochemical papers? Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2758. [PMID: 28076939 PMCID: PMC5381530 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Histochemistry continues to be widely applied in biomedical research, being nowadays mostly addressed to detect and locate single molecules or molecular complexes inside cells and tissues, and to relate structural organization and function at the high resolution of the more advanced microscopical techniques. In the attempt to see whether histochemical novelties may be found in the recent literature, the articles published in the European Journal of Histochemistry in the period 2014-2016 have been reviewed. In the majority of the published papers, standardized methods have been preferred by scientists to make their results reliably comparable with the data in the literature, but several papers (approximately one fourth of the published articles) described novel histochemical methods and procedures. It is worth noting that there is a growing interest for minimally-invasive in vivo techniques (magnetic resonance imaging, autofluorescence spectroscopy), which may parallel conventional histochemical analyses to acquire evidence not only on the morphological features of living organs and tissues, but also on their functional, biophysical and molecular characteristics. Thanks to this unceasing methodological refinement, histochemistry will continue to provide innovative applications in the biomedical field.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ramalhosa F, Soares-Cunha C, Seixal RM, Sousa N, Carvalho AF. The Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Dexamethasone on Gastrointestinal Function in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161750. [PMID: 27584049 PMCID: PMC5008745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antenatal treatment with synthetic glucocorticoids is commonly used in pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery to accelerate tissue maturation. Exposure to glucocorticoids during development has been hypothesized to underlie different functional gastrointestinal (GI) and motility disorders. Herein, we investigated the impact of in utero exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids (iuGC) on GI function of adult rats. Wistar male rats, born from pregnant dams treated with dexamethasone (DEX), were studied at different ages. Length, histologic analysis, proliferation and apoptosis assays, GI transit, permeability and serotonin (5-HT) content of GI tract were measured. iuGC treatment decreased small intestine size and decreased gut transit. However, iuGC had no impact on intestinal permeability. iuGC differentially impacts the structure and function of the GI tract, which leads to long-lasting alterations in the small intestine that may predispose subjects prone to disorders of the GI tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ramalhosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biometrics Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biometrics Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Miguel Seixal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biometrics Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biometrics Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Franky Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biometrics Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- General Surgery Department, Hospital of Braga, Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nikiforou M, Willburger C, de Jong AE, Kloosterboer N, Jellema RK, Ophelders DRMG, Steinbusch HWM, Kramer BW, Wolfs TGAM. Global hypoxia-ischemia induced inflammation and structural changes in the preterm ovine gut which were not ameliorated by mesenchymal stem cell treatment. Mol Med 2016; 22:244-257. [PMID: 27257938 PMCID: PMC5023518 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia, a condition of impaired gas exchange during birth, leads to fetal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and is associated with postnatal adverse outcomes including intestinal dysmotility and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Evidence from adult animal models of transient, locally-induced intestinal HI has shown that inflammation is essential in HI-induced injury of the gut. Importantly, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment prevented this HI-induced intestinal damage. We therefore assessed whether fetal global HI induced inflammation, injury and developmental changes in the gut and whether intravenous MSC administration ameliorated these HI-induced adverse intestinal effects. In a preclinical ovine model, fetuses were subjected to umbilical cord occlusion (UCO), with or without MSC treatment, and sacrificed 7 days after UCO. Global HI increased the number of myeloperoxidase positive cells in the mucosa, upregulated mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-17 in gut tissue and caused T-cell invasion in the intestinal muscle layer. Intestinal inflammation following global HI was associated with increased Ki67+ cells in the muscularis and subsequent muscle hyperplasia. Global HI caused distortion of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the enteric glial cells and increased synaptophysin and serotonin expression in the myenteric ganglia. Intravenous MSC treatment did not ameliorate these HI-induced adverse intestinal events. Global HI resulted in intestinal inflammation and enteric nervous system abnormalities which are clinically associated with postnatal complications including feeding intolerance, altered gastrointestinal transit and NEC. The intestinal histopathological changes were not prevented by intravenous MSC treatment directly after HI, indicating that alternative treatment regimens for cell-based therapies should be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nikiforou
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carolin Willburger
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja E de Jong
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Kloosterboer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Reint K Jellema
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daan RMG Ophelders
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry WM Steinbusch
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Boris W Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim GAM Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vetuschi A, D'Alfonso A, Sferra R, Zanelli D, Pompili S, Patacchiola F, Gaudio E, Carta G. Changes in muscularis propria of anterior vaginal wall in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2604. [PMID: 26972719 PMCID: PMC4800255 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and immunohistochemical alterations of tissue removed from the upper third of anterior vaginal wall in a sample group of the female population presenting homogenous risk factors associated with Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP). The case study consisted of 14 patients with POP and there were 10 patients in the control group. Patient selection was carried on the basis of specific criteria and all of the patients involved in the study presented one or more of the recognized POP risk factors. Samples were taken from POP patients during vaginal plastic surgery following colpohysterectomy, and from control patients during closure of the posterior fornix following hysterectomy. Samples were processed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses for Collagen I and Collagen III, α-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA), Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor (PDGF), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), Caspase3. Immunofluorescence analyses for Collagen I and III and PDGF were also carried out. In prolapsed specimens our results show a disorganization of smooth muscle cells that appeared to have been displaced by an increased collagen III deposition resulting in rearrangement of the muscularis propria architecture. These findings suggest that the increase in the expression of collagen fibers in muscularis could probably due to a phenotypic switch resulting in the dedifferentiation of smooth muscle cells into myofibroblasts. These alterations could be responsible for the compromising of the dynamic functionality of the pelvic floor.
Collapse
|
24
|
Scirocco A, Matarrese P, Carabotti M, Ascione B, Malorni W, Severi C. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Switch in Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:295-302. [PMID: 26206426 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
As a general rule, smooth muscle cells (SMC) are able to switch from a contractile phenotype to a less mature synthetic phenotype. This switch is accompanied by a loss of differentiation with decreased expression of contractile markers, increased proliferation as well as the synthesis and the release of several signaling molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemotaxis-associated molecules, and growth factors. This SMC phenotypic plasticity has extensively been investigated in vascular diseases, but interest is also emerging in the field of gastroenterology. It has in fact been postulated that altered microenvironmental conditions, including the composition of microbiota, could trigger the remodeling of the enteric SMC, with phenotype changes and consequent alterations of contraction and impairment of gut motility. Several molecular actors participate in this phenotype remodeling. These include extracellular molecules such as cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins, as well as intracellular proteins, for example, transcription factors. Epigenetic control mechanisms and miRNA have also been suggested to participate. In this review key roles and actors of smooth muscle phenotypic switch, mainly in GI tissue, are described and discussed in the light of literature data available so far. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 295-302, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Scirocco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University Sapienza Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Department of Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanit, à, Rome, Italy
- Center of Metabolomics, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilia Carabotti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University Sapienza Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Ascione
- Department of Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanit, à, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Department of Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanit, à, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Carola Severi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University Sapienza Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pellicciari C. Histochemistry in biology and medicine: a message from the citing journals. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2610. [PMID: 26708189 PMCID: PMC4698620 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Especially in recent years, biomedical research has taken advantage of the progress in several disciplines, among which microscopy and histochemistry. To assess the influence of histochemistry in the biomedical field, the articles published during the period 2011-2015 have been selected from different databases and grouped by subject categories: as expected, biological and biomedical studies where histochemistry has been used as a major experimental approach include a wide of basic and applied researches on both humans and other animal or plant organisms. To better understand the impact of histochemical publications onto the different biological and medical disciplines, it was useful to look at the journals where the articles published in a multidisciplinary journal of histochemistry have been cited: it was observed that, in the five-years period considered, 20% only of the citations were in histochemical periodicals, the remaining ones being in journals of Cell & Tissue biology, general and experimental Medicine, Oncology, Biochemistry & Molecular biology, Neurobiology, Anatomy & Morphology, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Reproductive biology, Veterinary sciences, Physiology, Endocrinology, Tissue engineering & Biomaterials, as well as in multidisciplinary journals.It is easy to foresee that also in the future the histochemical journals will be an attended forum for basic and applied scientists in the biomedical field. It will be crucial that these journals be open to an audience as varied as possible, publishing articles on the application of refined techniques to very different experimental models: this will stimulate non-histochemist scientists to approach histochemistry whose application horizon could expand to novel and possibly exclusive subjects.
Collapse
|