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Correddu F, Carta S, Mazza A, Nudda A, Rassu SPG. Effect of extruded linseed on sarda donkey milk quality. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2104176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Correddu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Carta
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazza
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Nudda
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Kyriakaki P, Zisis F, Pappas AC, Mavrommatis A, Tsiplakou E. Effects of PUFA-Rich Dietary Strategies on Ruminants' Mammary Gland Gene Network: A Nutrigenomics Review. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010044. [PMID: 36676968 PMCID: PMC9861346 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the inclusion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in ruminants' diets appears to be a well-documented strategy to enrich milk with PUFAs, several gene networks that regulate milk synthesis and mammary gland homeostasis could be impaired. The objective of this literature review is to assess the effects of nutritional strategies focused on enriching milk with PUFAs on gene networks regulating mammary gland function and lipogenesis, as well as the impact of feed additives and bioactive compounds with prominent antioxidant potential on immune-oxidative transcriptional profiling, as a part of mammary gland homeostasis and health. The findings support the conclusion that PUFAs' inclusion in ruminants' diets more strongly downregulate the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene compared to other key genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland. Additionally, it was revealed that seed oils rich in linoleic and linolenic acids have no such strong impact on networks that regulate lipogenic homeostasis compared to marine oils rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Furthermore, ample evidence supports that cows and sheep are more prone to the suppression of lipogenesis pathways compared to goats under the impact of dietary marine PUFAs. On the other hand, the inclusion of feed additives and bioactive compounds with prominent antioxidant potential in ruminants' diets can strengthen mammary gland immune-oxidative status. Considering that PUFA's high propensity to oxidation can induce a cascade of pro-oxidant incidences, the simultaneous supplementation of antioxidant compounds and especially polyphenols may alleviate any side effects caused by PUFA overload in the mammary gland. In conclusion, future studies should deeply investigate the effects of PUFAs on mammary gland gene networks in an effort to holistically understand their impact on both milk fat depression syndrome and homeostatic disturbance.
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Conte G, Giordani T, Vangelisti A, Serra A, Pauselli M, Cavallini A, Mele M. Transcriptome Adaptation of the Ovine Mammary Gland to Dietary Supplementation of Extruded Linseed. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2707. [PMID: 34573673 PMCID: PMC8465498 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several dietary strategies were adopted to reduce saturated fatty acids and increase beneficial fatty acids (FA) for human health. Few studies are available about the pathways/genes involved in these processes. Illumina RNA-sequencing was used to investigate changes in the ovine mammary gland transcriptome following supplemental feeding with 20% extruded linseed. Comisana ewes in mid-lactation were fed a control diet for 28 days (control period) followed by supplementation with 20% DM of linseed panel for 28 days (treatment period). Milk production was decreased by 30.46% with linseed supplementation. Moreover, a significant reduction in fat, protein and lactose secretion was also observed. Several unsaturated FAs were increased while short and medium chain saturated FAs were decreased by linseed treatment. Around four thousand (1795 up- and 2133 down-regulated) genes were significantly differentially regulated by linseed supplementation. The main pathways affected by linseed supplementation were those involved in the energy balance of the mammary gland. Principally, the mammary gland of fed linseed sheep showed a reduced abundance of transcripts related to the synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates and oxidative phosphorylation. Our study suggests that the observed decrease in milk saturated FA was correlated to down-regulation of genes in the lipid synthesis and lipid metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.G.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
- Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giordani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.G.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
- Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Vangelisti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.G.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrea Serra
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.G.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
- Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariano Pauselli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Cavallini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.G.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
- Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.G.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
- Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Giannico F, Antonietta Colonna M, Coluccia A, Crocco D, Vonghia G, Cocca C, Jambrenghi AC. Extruded linseed and linseed oil as alternative to soybean meal and soybean oil in diets for fattening lambs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giannico
- Dipartimento di Produzione Animale, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italy
| | | | - Adalisa Coluccia
- Dipartimento di Produzione Animale, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Crocco
- Dipartimento di Produzione Animale, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italy
| | - Gino Vonghia
- Dipartimento di Produzione Animale, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italy
| | - Carmine Cocca
- Dipartimento di Produzione Animale, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italy
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Addis M, Cabriddu A, Decandia M, Spada S, Acciaro M, Pirisi A, Sitzia M, Costa E, Cannas A, Molle G. Effects of different fat-enriched concentrates on fatty acid profile of cheese from grazing dairy sheep. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Addis
- Agenzia per la Ricerca in Agricoltura (AGRIS) Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali,Olmedo (SS), Italy
| | - Andrea Cabriddu
- Agenzia per la Ricerca in Agricoltura (AGRIS) Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali,Olmedo (SS), Italy
| | - Mauro Decandia
- Agenzia per la Ricerca in Agricoltura (AGRIS) Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali,Olmedo (SS), Italy
| | - Simona Spada
- Agenzia per la Ricerca in Agricoltura (AGRIS) Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali,Olmedo (SS), Italy
| | - Marco Acciaro
- Agenzia per la Ricerca in Agricoltura (AGRIS) Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali,Olmedo (SS), Italy
| | - Antonio Pirisi
- Agenzia per la Ricerca in Agricoltura (AGRIS) Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali,Olmedo (SS), Italy
| | - Maria Sitzia
- Agenzia per la Ricerca in Agricoltura (AGRIS) Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali,Olmedo (SS), Italy
| | | | - Antonello Cannas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Molle
- Agenzia per la Ricerca in Agricoltura (AGRIS) Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali,Olmedo (SS), Italy
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Correddu F, Gaspa G, Pulina G, Nudda A. Grape seed and linseed, alone and in combination, enhance unsaturated fatty acids in the milk of Sarda dairy sheep. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1725-1735. [PMID: 26774716 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of dietary inclusion of grape seed and linseed, alone or in combination, on sheep milk fatty acids (FA) profile using 24 Sarda dairy ewes allocated to 4 isoproductive groups. Groups were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet including 300 g/d per animal of grape seed (GS), a diet including 220 g/d per animal of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet including a mix of 300 g/d per animal of grape seed and 220 g/d per animal of extruded linseed (MIX). The study lasted 10 wk, with a 2-wk adaptation period and an 8-wk experimental period. Milk FA composition was analyzed in milk samples collected in the last 4 wk of the trial. The milk concentration of saturated fatty acids (SFA) decreased and that of unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (UFA, MUFA, and PUFA, respectively) increased in GS, LIN, and MIX groups compared with CON. The MIX group showed the lowest values of SFA and the highest of UFA, MUFA, and PUFA. Milk from ewes fed linseed (LIN and MIX) showed an enrichment of vaccenic acid (VA), oleic acid (OA), α-linolenic acid (LNA), and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) compared with milk from the CON group. The GS group showed a greater content of milk oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA) and tended to show a greater content of VA and cis-9,trans-11 CLA than the CON group. The inclusion of grape seed and linseed, alone and in combination, decreased the milk concentration of de novo synthesized FA C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0, with the MIX group showing the lowest values. In conclusion, grape seed and linseed could be useful to increase the concentration of FA with potential health benefits, especially when these ingredients are included in combination in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Correddu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - G Gaspa
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - G Pulina
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - A Nudda
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Berthelot V, Bas P, Pottier E, Normand J. The effect of maternal linseed supplementation and/or lamb linseed supplementation on muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue fatty acid composition of indoor lambs. Meat Sci 2011; 90:548-57. [PMID: 22014835 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eighty eight lambs were used in a 2×2 factorial arrangement 1) to investigate the effect of maternal dietary linseed supplementation and/or lamb linseed supplemented concentrate on growth performance, carcass fat quality and fatty acid (FA) composition of muscle and dorsal adipose tissue of indoor lambs 2) to study the relationships between subcutaneous fat quality and FA composition. Feeding linseed to ewes increased C18:3 n-3 (ALA) proportion in milk and therefore the ALA supply to suckling lambs. However, ALA and n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-3 PUFA) proportions in lamb tissues were not affected. Feeding linseed to lambs during the post-weaning period significantly increased the proportions of ALA and n-3 PUFA in tissues. Softer and more colored fat was associated with a decrease in even medium-chain saturated FA and increases in odd and methyl FA proportions but not with ALA proportion in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Berthelot
- AgroParisTech, Département de la Vie et Santé, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75 005 Paris, France.
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Mele M, Contarini G, Cercaci L, Serra A, Buccioni A, Povolo M, Conte G, Funaro A, Banni S, Lercker G, Secchiari P. Enrichment of Pecorino cheese with conjugated linoleic acid by feeding dairy ewes with extruded linseed: Effect on fatty acid and triglycerides composition and on oxidative stability. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gómez-Cortés P, Bach A, Luna P, Juárez M, de la Fuente M. Effects of extruded linseed supplementation on n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in milk and cheese from ewes. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:4122-34. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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