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Bouwman K, Moazzen S, Kroah-Hartman M, Dijkstra G, Horváth B, Alizadeh BZ. Diet and physical activity as risk-reducing factors for hidradenitis suppurativa. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:910-919. [PMID: 38116943 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease that is considered to be an immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID). Up till now, the impact of lifestyle on (the development of) HS has not been thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of dietary intake and physical activity (PA) on (the development of) HS. MATERIALS AND METHODS A nested case-control study was performed within the longitudinal Lifelines Cohort Study, that took place in the Northern Netherlands, and identified 1004 adult eligible HS patients and 5000 age-matched controls. Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire, subsequently translated to the Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS), alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED) and Dutch Dietary Guidelines score (DDG), with higher scores reflecting healthier dietary habits. PA was measured by the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-enhancing PA score. Logistic regression analyses were performed between dietary/PA scores, and the prevalence/development and severity of HS. RESULTS Compared to controls, HS patients scored lower on the LLDS [OR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.96-0.99], aMED [0.93; 0.89-0.97] and DDG [0.93; 0.88-0.97] with multivariable regression analysis. Overall, this indicates less adherence to dietary recommendations and consumption of a low-quality diet in the HS population. Lower adherence to the LLDS and DDG was also significantly associated with a higher likelihood to HS development in univariable regression analysis [0.96; 0.94-0.99 and 0.91; 0.84-0.99, respectively], and a trend of decreased adherence to the aMED [0.93; 0.85-1.02] was noted. Besides, PA levels were found significantly lower in HS patients (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Poor diet quality and lower quantities of PA were associated with HS in the general population. Identifying dietary and PA habits of HS patients can contribute to the development of prevention strategies for HS specifically, and for IMIDs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klasiena Bouwman
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Moazzen
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, MDC Berlin-Buch, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Madeline Kroah-Hartman
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Horváth
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Behrooz Ziad Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Melis M, Tomassini Barbarossa I, Sollai G. The Implications of Taste and Olfaction in Nutrition and Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:3412. [PMID: 37571348 PMCID: PMC10421496 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste and olfaction are sensory modalities that act synergistically to orchestrate the behaviors essential for survival, such as interactions with the environment, nutrient-rich food identification, and the avoidance of noxious substances [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Sollai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Velluzzi F, Deledda A, Lombardo M, Fosci M, Crnjar R, Grossi E, Sollai G. Application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to Elucidate the Connections among Smell, Obesity with Related Metabolic Alterations, and Eating Habit in Patients with Weight Excess. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020206. [PMID: 36837824 PMCID: PMC9959568 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a severe health problem linked to an increased risk of comorbidity and mortality and its etiopathogenesis includes genetic, epigenetic, microbiota composition, and environmental factors, such as dietary habits. The olfactory system plays an important role in controlling food intake and meal size, influencing body weight and energy balance. This study aims to identify the connection between olfactory function and clinical and nutritional aspects related to weight excess in a group of 68 patients with overweight or obesity. All participants underwent the evaluation of olfactory function, anthropometric data (weight, height, BMI, waist circumference), clinical data (hypertension, disglycemia, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome), and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean Diet Score). A fourth-generation artificial neural network data mining approach was used to uncover trends and subtle associations between variables. Olfactory tests showed that 65% of patients presented hyposmia. A negative correlation was found between olfactory scores and systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and triglycerides levels, but a positive correlation was found between olfactory scores and the Mediterranean diet score. The methodology of artificial neural networks and the semantic connectivity map "Auto-Contractive Map" highlighted the underlying scheme of the connections between the variables considered. In particular, hyposmia was linked to obesity and related metabolic alterations and the male sex. The female sex was connected with normosmia, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and normal values of blood pressure, lipids, and glucose levels. These results highlight an inverse correlation between olfactory skills and BMI and show that a normosmic condition, probably because of greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet, seems to protect not only from an excessive increase in body weight but also from associated pathological conditions such as hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Velluzzi
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Deledda
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Fosci
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Crnjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Autism Research Unit, Villa Santa Maria Foundation, 22038 Tavernerio, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sollai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-6754160
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Hidradenitis Suppurativa: The Influence of Gender, the Importance of Trigger Factors and the Implications for Patient Habits. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112973. [PMID: 36428540 PMCID: PMC9687269 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating, chronic, inflammatory skin disease primarily affecting apocrine gland-rich areas of the body. On the one hand, the presence of triggering factors-some identified, others only hypothesized-may initiate or perpetuate the pathogenic process of HS. In addition to cigarette smoking and diet, other trigger factors, including choice of clothing, are frequently observed in clinical practice. On the other hand, the presence of disease may influence habits of HS patients. Indeed, high incidences of sexual and sleep impairment have been reported in these patients. Consequently, alcohol and substance abuse may be a coping strategy for the emotional and psychological disease burden. Furthermore, a greater awareness of gender differences in HS may be important for dermatologists in their own clinical practice (i.e., pregnancy and breastfeeding). Consequently, in this loop interaction, comprehensive knowledge of all factors involved is crucial for the management of HS patients. Thus, the objective of this review is to (i) discuss the influence of gender on HS, (ii) summarize the most frequent triggering factors of HS and (iii) analyze the impact of HS on patient habits.
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Deledda A, Palmas V, Heidrich V, Fosci M, Lombardo M, Cambarau G, Lai A, Melis M, Loi E, Loviselli A, Manzin A, Velluzzi F. Dynamics of Gut Microbiota and Clinical Variables after Ketogenic and Mediterranean Diets in Drug-Naïve Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. Metabolites 2022; 12:1092. [PMID: 36355175 PMCID: PMC9693465 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the most common form of diabetes, is a progressive chronic metabolic disease that has increasingly spread worldwide, enhancing the mortality rate, particularly from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Lifestyle improvement through diet and physical activity is, together with drug treatment, the cornerstone of T2DM management. The Mediterranean diet (MD), which favors a prevalence of unprocessed vegetable foods and a reduction in red meats and industrial foods, without excluding any food category, is usually recommended. Recently, scientific societies have promoted a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), a multiphasic protocol that limits carbohydrates and then gradually re-introduces them, with a favorable outcome on body weight and metabolic parameters. Indeed, gut microbiota (GM) modifications have been linked to overweight/obesity and metabolic alterations typical of T2DM. Diet is known to affect GM largely, but only a few studies have investigated the effects of VLCKD on GM, especially in T2DM. In this study, we have compared anthropometric, biochemical, lifestyle parameters, the quality of life, and the GM of eleven patients with recently diagnosed T2DM and overweight or obesity, randomly assigned to two groups of six and five patients who followed the VLCKD (KETO) or hypocaloric MD (MEDI) respectively; parameters were recorded at baseline (T0) and after two (T2) and three months (T3). The results showed that VLCKD had more significant beneficial effects than MD on anthropometric parameters, while biochemical improvements did not statistically differ. As for the GM, despite the lack of significant results regarding the alpha and beta diversity, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio between the two groups, in the KETO group, a significant increase in beneficial microbial taxa such as Verrucomicrobiota phylum with its members Verrucomicrobiae, Verrucomicrobiales, Akkermansiaceae, and Akkermansia, Christensenellaceae family, Eubacterium spp., and a reduction in microbial taxa previously associated with obesity (Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota) or other diseases (Alistipes) was observed both at T2 and T3. With regards to the MEDI group, variations were limited to a significant increase in Actinobacteroidota phylum at T2 and T3 and Firmicutes phylum at T3. Moreover, a metagenomic alteration linked to some metabolic pathways was found exclusively in the KETO group. In conclusion, both dietary approaches allowed patients to improve their state of health, but VLCKD has shown better results on body composition as well as on GM profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Deledda
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vanessa Palmas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Vitor Heidrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-050, Brazil
| | - Michele Fosci
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cambarau
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessio Lai
- Diabetologia, P.O. Binaghi, ASSL Cagliari, 09126 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marietta Melis
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Loi
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Loviselli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Fernanda Velluzzi
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Velluzzi F, Cossu G, Fosci M, Montisci R, Zaccheddu R, Minerba L, Musu M, Pintus E, Fortin D, Romano F, Aviles Gonzalez CI, Melis P, Deledda A, Loviselli A, Carta MG. Effect of a Low-Moderate Exercise Program on Dysmetabolism in Older Adults: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163337. [PMID: 36014843 PMCID: PMC9413492 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has been shown to improve dysmetabolism in older adults, reducing cardiovascular risk, while its role in preventing dysmetabolism is less known. Moreover, most of the trials use exercise programs that are difficult to put into daily practice. The purpose of this Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 3-month moderate exercise program in improving or preventing dysmetabolism in 120 older adults, randomly selected for the exercise program (experimental group) or cultural activities (control group). None of the subjects were following a hypocaloric diet, and all of them reported healthy eating habits. Anthropometric (Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC)) and metabolic variables (fasting plasma glucose (FPG), High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG)) were assessed at baseline (T0) and at the end of the trial (T1). Dysmetabolism was defined by the presence of an increased WC plus at least two metabolic alterations. At T0, the two groups did not differ by sex, age, education, BMI, WC, FPG, HDL-C levels, and prevalence of dysmetabolism. The mean BMI value indicated overweight, and WC values were higher than the cut-off. At T1, a slight reduction in the number of people with dysmetabolism was found only in the experimental group. However, none of the individuals without dysmetabolism at T0 in the experimental group developed it at T1, while 11.4% developed it in the control group (p = 0.032). This study highlights that a moderate exercise program, accessible in daily practice, can prevent dysmetabolism in older adults, even while being overweight, while if dysmetabolism is already present, more prolonged combined nutritional and exercise interventions will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Velluzzi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Fosci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Montisci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Zaccheddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Minerba
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Musu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Pintus
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dario Fortin
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Romano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Unitelma Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez
- Departamento de Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar 200002, Colombia
| | - Paola Melis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Deledda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Loviselli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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