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Bates K, Zeppieri G, Young C, Bruner M, Moser M, Farmer KW, Pozzi F. Preseason lower extremity range of motion, flexibility, and strength in relation to in-season injuries in NCAA division I gymnasts. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024; 52:200-206. [PMID: 37216208 PMCID: PMC10803174 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2023.2215775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if preseason lower extremity ROM, flexibility, and strength differ in collegiate gymnasts (NCAA Division 1) who do or do not sustain an injury during the competitive season. METHODS Over four seasons, a total of 15 female gymnasts (age = 20.5 ± 1.0 years) underwent preseason screening (30 gymnast-season). We tested joint ROM (hip: flexion, internal and external rotation; ankle: weightbearing dorsiflexion), muscle flexibility (passive straight leg raise, Thomas,' Ober's, Ely's tests) and strength (hip extensors, abductors, and flexors isometric strength via a handheld dynamometer; knee: quadriceps and hamstring isokinetic strength at 60°/sec). The team athletic trainer tracked overuse lower extremity injuries (restricted gymnasts from full participation, occurred as from participation in organized practice or competition, and required medical attention) during each season. For athletes that tested multiple seasons, each encounter was considered independent, and each preseason assessment was linked to overuse injuries sustained during the same competitive season. Gymnasts were dichotomized into injured and non-injured groups. An independent t-test was used to measure differences in preseason outcomes between injured and non-injured groups. RESULTS During four years, we recorded 23 overuse lower extremity injuries. Gymnasts that sustained an in-season overuse injury demonstrated significantly lower hip flexion ROM (mean difference: -10.6°; 95% confidence interval: -16.5, -4.6; p < 0.01) and lower hip abduction strength (mean difference: -4.7% of body weight; 95% confidence interval: -9.2, -0.3; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Gymnasts who sustain an in-season overuse lower extremity injury have significant preseason deficit of hip flexion ROM and weakness in the hip abductors. These findings indicate potential impairments in the kinematic & kinetic chains responsible for skill performance and energy absorption during landing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaysha Bates
- Victory lab PT and performance, Jackson, Wyoming, USA
- Sport Physical Therapy Residency Program, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Giorgio Zeppieri
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Candace Young
- Sport Physical Therapy Residency Program, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Bruner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Moser
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin W. Farmer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Federico Pozzi
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Xue J, Yang X, Hong P, Hu Y, Wen R. Injury epidemiology in Chinese undergraduate classical dance students: A 14-week prospective study. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 61:108-113. [PMID: 37003218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the injury prevalence, incidence rate, injury proportions, and characteristics of injuries in Chinese undergraduate classical dance students by using the modified Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Online survey. PARTICIPANTS 63 Chinese classical undergraduate students (female: 40, male: 23; median age: 20 years, range: 17-20 years) completed the survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The injury prevalence (proportions) and incidence rate were calculated. The characteristics (severity, locations, injury type) of injuries were investigated. RESULTS During the 14-weeks, 84% students reported injury occurrence more than one time. The injury incidence rate was 3.28 injuries per 1000h across 14-weeks. Weekly proportion for all injuries ranged from 38.2% to 61.9% and substantial injuries ranged from 7.5% to 22.7%. The lower back was the most frequently injured body location (38.9%), followed by the knee (17.3%) and the ankle (12.9%). In all reported injuries, overuse injury was the most prevalent type (78.9%, 95% CI: 73.2%-81.1%). CONCLUSIONS Chinese classical dance students are at a relatively high risk for injuries. Injury prevention programs in Chinese classical dance students should focus on the lower back and lower extremity.
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Trikha R, Greig DE, Shi BY, Schroeder GG, Chernoff DJ, Jones KJ, Kremen TJ. Multicenter Analysis of the Epidemiology of Injury Patterns and Return to Sport in Collegiate Gymnasts. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231154618. [PMID: 36860774 PMCID: PMC9969444 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231154618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gymnastics requires intense year-round upper and lower extremity strength training typically starting from an early age. As such, the injury patterns observed in these athletes may be unique. Purpose To characterize the types of injuries and provide return-to-sport data in male and female collegiate gymnasts. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods A conference-specific injury database was utilized to perform a retrospective review of injuries for male and female National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I gymnasts within the Pacific Coast Conference between 2017 and 2020 (N = 673 gymnasts). Injuries were stratified by anatomic location, sex, time missed, and injury diagnoses. Relative risk (RR) was used to compare results between sexes. Results Of the 673 gymnasts, 183 (27.2%) experienced 1093 injuries during the study period. Injuries were sustained in 35 of 145 male athletes (24.1%) as compared with 148 of 528 female athletes (28.0%; RR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.63-1.19]; P = .390). Approximately 66.1% (723/1093) of injuries occurred in a practice setting, compared with 84 of 1093 injuries (7.7%) occurring during competition. Overall, 417 of 1093 injuries (38.2%) resulted in no missed time. Shoulder injuries and elbow/arm injuries were significantly more common in male versus female athletes (RR, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.32-3.01], P = .001; and RR, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.05-4.13], P = .036, respectively). In total, 23 concussions affected 21 of 673 athletes (3.1%); 6 concussions (26.1%) resulted in the inability to return to sport during the same season. Conclusion For the majority of musculoskeletal injuries, the gymnasts were able to return to sport during the same season. Male athletes were more likely to experience shoulder and elbow/arm injuries, likely because of sex-specific events. Concussions occurred in 3.1% of the gymnasts, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring. This analysis of the incidence and outcomes of injuries observed in NCAA Division I gymnasts may guide injury prevention protocols as well as provide important prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Trikha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine
at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Rishi Trikha, MD, UCLA Orthopaedic Surgery, 1225 15th Street,
Suite 2100, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA (
)
| | - Danielle E. Greig
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine
at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brendan Y. Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine
at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Grant G. Schroeder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine
at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel J. Chernoff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine
at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kristofer J. Jones
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine
at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas J. Kremen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine
at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Pei YA, Mahmoud MA, Baldwin K, Franklin C. Comparing Musculoskeletal Injuries across Dance and Gymnastics in Adolescent Females Presenting to Emergency Departments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:471. [PMID: 36612793 PMCID: PMC9819499 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Studies have yet to identify if there are any differences in musculoskeletal injury patterns between dance and gymnastics. This study aimed to determine if different injury patterns exist in adolescent females participating in those two popular sports. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data collected from patients presenting to U.S. emergency departments participating in the publicly available, de-identified U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) throughout the year 2020. Regression analyses were performed to explore if injury patterns were predictive of gymnastics or dancing participation. (3) Results: 518 adolescent females with dance-related injuries and 597 adolescent females with gymnastics-related injuries in 2020 were examined. Strain/sprains (33.3%) and fractures (37.3%) were the most reported dance- and gymnastics-related diagnoses, respectively. Participants were 74% less likely to have a strain/sprain diagnosis in gymnastics compared to dance (OR = 0.26, 95% CI [0.18, 0.38]) and were 3.84 times more likely to have a fracture diagnosis from gymnastics compared to dance (OR = 3.84, 95% CI [2.67, 5.57]), even after adjusting for body party injured. (4) Conclusions: Dance is associated with more sprains while gymnastics typically resulted in a greater likelihood for fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan A. Pei
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mattia A. Mahmoud
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keith Baldwin
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Corinna Franklin
- Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Sastre-Munar A, Pades-Jiménez A, García-Coll N, Molina-Mula J, Romero-Franco N. Injuries, Pain, and Catastrophizing Level in Gymnasts: A Retrospective Analysis of a Cohort of Spanish Athletes. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050890. [PMID: 35628027 PMCID: PMC9141380 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical and psychological demands from gymnastics increase the occurrence of injuries and pain among athletes, whose consequent level of catastrophizing could affect rehabilitation and performance. Although the characteristics of each gymnastics discipline may be key factors, they remain unclear. This study aimed to describe injuries, pain, and catastrophizing levels of gymnasts, according to their discipline and training characteristics. A total of 160 gymnasts fulfilled an online survey at the end of the 2021 season. Eighty gymnasts sustained 106 injuries (mainly ankle), and 128 had current pain (mainly low back). Although results were similar among disciplines, rhythmic gymnasts had a higher prevalence of low back pain (p = 0.003) and artistic wrist pain (p = 0.011). Gymnasts who sustained an injury displayed higher hours of training (p = 0.026), and those with current pain had more sports experience (p = 0.001) and age (p < 0.001). A higher catastrophizing level was observed in injured gymnasts and correlated with pain level (p < 0.001). No other differences were found (p > 0.05). Pain and injury prevalence is extremely high among gymnasts, being specific to the gymnastics discipline and increasing catastrophizing experience. Hours of training, age, and sports experience are key related factors, regardless of discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Sastre-Munar
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (A.S.-M.); (A.P.-J.); (N.G.-C.); (N.R.-F.)
- Sport High Performance Centre of Balearic Islands, E-07009 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonia Pades-Jiménez
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (A.S.-M.); (A.P.-J.); (N.G.-C.); (N.R.-F.)
| | - Natalia García-Coll
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (A.S.-M.); (A.P.-J.); (N.G.-C.); (N.R.-F.)
| | - Jesús Molina-Mula
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (A.S.-M.); (A.P.-J.); (N.G.-C.); (N.R.-F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalia Romero-Franco
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (A.S.-M.); (A.P.-J.); (N.G.-C.); (N.R.-F.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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