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Kim S, Won S, Yi Y. The Risk of the Aggravation of Diabetic Foot According to Air Quality Factors in the Republic of Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:775. [PMID: 38929021 PMCID: PMC11203510 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the association between the occurrence of diabetic foot and air quality (SO2, CO, NO2, O3). Open data were collected to conduct a big data study. Patient information was gathered from the National Health Insurance Service, and the National Institute of Environmental Science's air quality data were used. A total study population of 347,543 cases were reviewed (case = 13,353, control = 334,190). The lag period from air quality changes to the actual amputation operation was calculated for each factor. The frequency of diabetic foot amputation in each region was identified and analyzed using a distributed lag non-linear model. Gangwon-do showed the highest relative risks (RRs) for SO2 and CO, while Chungcheongnam-do exhibited the highest RR for NO2. Jeju had the highest RR for O3. Regions like Incheon, Busan, and the capital region also showed significant risk increases. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored air quality management to address diabetic foot complications effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saintpee Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gangbuk Etteum Hospital, Seoul 01170, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungho Won
- RexSoft Corps, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Foot and Ankle Service, Inje University Paik Central Hospital, Seoul 04551, Republic of Korea
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Stańkowska M, Garbacz K, Korzon-Burakowska A, Bronk M, Skotarczak M, Szymańska-Dubowik A. Microbiological, Clinical and Radiological Aspects of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Infected with Methicillin-Resistant and -Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060701. [PMID: 35745555 PMCID: PMC9229747 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes. This study aimed to assess the factors with an impact on the infection of diabetic foot ulcers by methicillin-resistant S. aureus and to evaluate the influence of methicillin resistance on the frequency of osteitis (based on classic X-ray images). A total of 863 patients suffering from DFU were analyzed during the study period. Out of 201 isolated S. aureus cases, 31 (15.4%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). MRSA infections were associated with a higher incidence of osteitis compared to MSSA infections (p << 0.0001), both the occurrence of smaller (<50%)) and greater (>50%) inflammatory bone changes (p << 0.0001). Furthermore, MRSA occurred significantly more frequently in men than in women (p < 0.01) and more often among patients with type 2 diabetes than among patients with type 1 diabetes (p < 0.05). MRSA were isolated statistically less often in overweight patients than in patients with normal BMI (p < 0.05). DFUs infected with MRSA were significantly more frequently associated with the presence of Pseudomonas sp. and other non-fermenting bacilli than those infected with MSSA (p < 0.05). To conclude, osteitis incidence is related to MRSA infection in patients with diabetic foot ulcers; thus, patients infected by S. aureus should be closely monitored in the course of using antibiotics and treated with narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stańkowska
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland;
- 2nd Division of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Katarzyna Garbacz
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Korzon-Burakowska
- Division of Preventive Medicine & Education, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Marek Bronk
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, University Clinical Center, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Monika Skotarczak
- 2nd Division of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Anna Szymańska-Dubowik
- 2nd Division of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.); (A.S.-D.)
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Lee EJ, Jeong IS, Woo SH, Jung HJ, Han EJ, Kang CW, Hyun S. [Development of a Diabetic Foot Ulceration Prediction Model and Nomogram]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2021; 51:280-293. [PMID: 34215707 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.20257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) to develop and evaluate the performance of a DFU prediction model and nomogram among people with diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS This unmatched case-control study was conducted with 379 adult patients (118 patients with DM and 261 controls) from four general hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, foot examination, and review of patients' electronic health records. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to build the DFU prediction model and nomogram. Further, their performance was analyzed using the Lemeshow-Hosmer test, concordance statistic (C-statistic), and sensitivity/specificity analyses in training and test samples. RESULTS The prediction model was based on risk factors including previous foot ulcer or amputation, peripheral vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, current smoking, and chronic kidney disease. The calibration of the DFU nomogram was appropriate (χ² = 5.85, p = .321). The C-statistic of the DFU nomogram was .95 (95% confidence interval .93~.97) for both the training and test samples. For clinical usefulness, the sensitivity and specificity obtained were 88.5% and 85.7%, respectively at 110 points in the training sample. The performance of the nomogram was better in male patients or those having DM for more than 10 years. CONCLUSION The nomogram of the DFU prediction model shows good performance, and is thereby recommended for monitoring the risk of DFU and preventing the occurrence of DFU in people with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Lee
- College of Nursing, Healthcare Sciences & Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ihn Sook Jeong
- College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
| | - Seung Hun Woo
- Department of Orthopedics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyuk Jae Jung
- Endovascular and Vascular and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Han
- Division of Nursing, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Wan Kang
- IT Convergence College of Components and Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sookyung Hyun
- College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Kim CH, Moon JS, Chung SM, Kong EJ, Park CH, Yoon WS, Kim TG, Kim W, Yoon JS, Won KC, Lee HW. The Changes of Trends in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer over a 10-Year Period: Single Center Study. Diabetes Metab J 2018; 42:308-319. [PMID: 29885115 PMCID: PMC6107356 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2017.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to describe the trends in the severity and treatment modality of patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) at a single tertiary referral center in Korea over the last 10 years and compare the outcomes before and after the introduction of a multidisciplinary diabetic foot team. METHODS In this retrospective observational study, electronic medical records of patients from years 2002 to 2015 at single tertiary referral center were reviewed. Based on the year of first admission, patients were assigned to a group either before or after the year 2012, the year the diabetes team launched. RESULTS Of the 338 patients with DFU, 229 were first admitted until the year 2011 (group A), while 109 were first admitted since the year 2012 (group B). Mean age was higher in group B, and ulcer size was larger than those of group A. Whereas duration of diabetes was longer in group B, glycemic control was improved (mean glycosylated hemoglobin, 9.48% vs. 8.50%). The proportion of minor lower extremity amputation (LEA) was increased, but length of hospital stay was decreased (73.7±79.6 days vs. 39.8±36.9 days). As critical ischemic limb increased, the proportion of major LEA was not decreased. CONCLUSION Improved glycemic control, multidisciplinary strategies with prompt surgical treatment resulted in reduced length of hospital stay, but these measures did not reduce major LEAs. The increase in critical ischemic limb may have played a role in the unexpected outcome, and may suggest the need for increased vascular intervention strategies in DFU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Min Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chul Hyun Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Woo Sung Yoon
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae Gon Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyu Chang Won
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyoung Woo Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a common and troublesome complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), contributes to a higher risk of diabetic foot ulcer and lower limb amputation. These situations can negatively impact the quality of life of affected individuals. Despite its high prevalence and clinical importance, most diabetes mellitus patients not only do not recognize the presence of diabetic neuropathy, but also do not report their symptoms to physicians or other health care providers. Therefore, DPN is usually under diagnosed and undertreated. For early detection and appropriate intervention for DPN, a careful history, physical with neurologic examination, and prompt treatment are needed in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Ko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Yun Cha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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