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Al‐Obaidi MN, Al‐Obaidi AD, Hashim HT, Al Sakini AS, Abd AM, Rashed RH, Saeed RO, Al Saeedi M, Al‐Obaidi A, Hashim AT. Assessing breast self-examination knowledge and practices among women in Iraq: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2137. [PMID: 38817882 PMCID: PMC11136643 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The present study aims to shed light on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast self-examination with breast cancer (BC) among female patients in the oncology department of Baghdad Medical City. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 100 female participants at the Oncology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad Medical City between June 15 and October 15, 2022. Using convenient sampling, the study targeted females aged 30-75, recently or previously diagnosed with BC, admitted for treatment and follow-ups. Results Regarding the assessment of knowledge, among the surveyed patients, 71 are aware of breast self-examination (BSE), primarily through social media (42 patients). The study also explores the link between BSE and education levels. While Pearson's chi-square shows no significance (0.107), the likelihood ratio suggests a significant association (0.041). Regarding the analysis of attitudes, the study assessment for the reasons for compliance showed that 19 patients cite medical reasons, and 48 patients attribute noncompliance to a lack of knowledge of how to perform BSE. Regarding the examination of practice, high statistical significance is evident in both Pearson's chi-square (0.000) and likelihood ratio (0.000) tests, emphasizing the substantial relationship between the post-diagnosis initiation timing of BSE and its correct execution. Additionally, a statistically significant association exists between performing BSE correctly and discovering BC (p = 0.000). Conclusion Regarding the assessment of knowledge, our study found high awareness of BSE within the population, primarily through social media and health organizations. Regarding the analysis of attitudes, a notable proportion refrained from practicing BSE, primarily due to a perceived lack of knowledge about the methods. Regarding the examination of practice, the observed significant associations between performing BSE correctly, discovering BC, and the frequency of examinations underscore the pivotal role of consistent and accurate BSE in early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mina Al Saeedi
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (M.A.S.)Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (M.A.S., L.O.L.)Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Ammar Al‐Obaidi
- Department of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas CityKansas CityMissouriUSA
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Selvam M, Sundaram S. Breast self-examination practices among young rural women and its associated knowledge and attitudes in Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:62-70. [PMID: 38554300 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_713_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple and cost-effective screening procedure in downstaging breast tumors. AIM To assess the BSE practices and its associated knowledge and attitudes of rural women from Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu during the COVID-19 pandemic. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed, and snowball sampling was used to recruit the sample of rural women from Tirunelveli. MATERIALS AND METHODS Women ages 18-60 willing to take part were included. Data were collected online through a self-developed questionnaire. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Responses were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to present the general details and responses of the rural women through percentages. Using the appropriate tests, the mean differences of the BSE attitudes based on the personal variables were computed using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS A total of 433 rural women (Mean age: 29.20 ± 9.35 years) from Tirunelveli responded to the online Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) questionnaire. Regular health checkups were undergone by 27.48% of women and 9.24% underwent breast cancer (BC) screening in the past. While 68.36% had heard of BC, 61% knew it could be detected in the early stages. Insufficient knowledge regarding BSE techniques was evident among the women. Knowledge about BC was highest among those earning more than 20,001 INR, women aged 36-45, widowed/separated/divorced women, and diploma graduates. Overall, BSE and BC knowledge score was low, with correspondingly low attitudes and practices. CONCLUSION Findings showed the KAP among rural Tirunelveli women to be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Selvam
- Department of Applied Psychology, Rajiv Gandhi National Institute for Youth Development, Sriperumpudur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Balaiah Mehanathan P, Arthur Edwards Dennison A, Vikramathithan Panchapooranam A, Kandasamy S, Subbiah P, Velappan L, Kalyanaraman S. Psychosocial Problems of Rural Indian Women Practising Breast Self-Examination - a Community-Based Study from Southern India. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2023; 15:263-270. [PMID: 37091352 PMCID: PMC10120809 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s386421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Globally, breast cancer affects 2.5 million people annually. Younger women with advanced-stage cancers had a lower survival rate, but early detection enhanced survival chances by 27 to 47%. Breast self-examination (BSE) has led to early detection and higher rates of benign biopsies. Studies evaluating the psychosocial impact of BSE are few in India which has been attempted in the present study. Methods The community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among rural women aged 30 years and above, who have done BSE at least once without present or prior breast abnormalities in the field practice area of Model Rural Health Research Unit, Tirunelveli. The research questionnaire was developed based on the findings of focus group discussion (FGD) on the same objective in the study area. Results Among 379 participants, 146 (38.5%) felt confident in their BSE knowledge, 28.2% (n=107) and 5.5% (n=21) of the respondents experienced anxiety and depression while practising BSE, respectively. There is a significant difference between the mean anxiety levels (p-value=0.002) and depression (p-value=0.013) of individuals who have detected anomalies during BSE and those who have not. Conclusion Regular counselling has to improve knowledge about BSE, like the timing and method of examination, and decreases the anxiety and depression level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sunitha Kandasamy
- Community Medicine, Thoothukudi Medical College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Shantaraman Kalyanaraman
- Pathology, Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: Shantaraman Kalyanaraman, Tirunelveli Medical College, 63, Ittamozhi Road, Tisaiyanvilai, Tirunelveli, 627657, India, Tel +91 9443133898, Email
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Mukherjee Das A, Shrivastav KD, Taneja N, Awasthi AA, Rashid S, Gogia A, Janardhanan R. Knowledge and awareness of breast cancer and breast self-examination among college-going female students in Delhi-NCR: a cross sectional study. HEALTH EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/he-10-2021-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeBreast cancer (BC) presents a major public health challenge world-over including India. While several risk-factors, early signs and symptoms of BC are known, the knowledge and awareness of this disease remains poor among the population. The present study aimed to determine the extent of knowledge and awareness of BC, its risk factors, early signs and symptoms and breast self-examination (BSE) practice as an early detection method among Indian college-going female students.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a cross-sectional survey at a University in Delhi-NCR. Data on socio-demographic, knowledge and awareness of BC including BSE was collected using a pretested questionnaire. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis was performed. All tests were two-sided and significance was set at p < 0.05.FindingsA total of 866 female students participated in the study with mean age of 22.32 (±0.146) years having mean body mass index (BMI) of 21.22 (±3.52). As high as 82.1% of the participants had heard of BC but while 74.8% thought early detection is possible, 70.7% believed BC cannot be prevented. Gene mutations (60.2%) were identified as a significant risk factor, while breast pain (61.4%) was commonly recognized as a sign of BC. Only 29.8% of students ever performed BSE. Increased odds of performing BSE (OR = 3.4) was found among students who recognized gene mutations as an important BC risk factor.Research limitations/implicationsKnowledge and awareness of BC including BSE among female college students were found to be below average. It is suggested that there is an urgent need for increasing BC awareness among young girls through workshops and mobile-health interventions.Practical implicationsThis study provides new information on the level of knowledge and awareness of BC risk factors, sign and symptoms and self-examination practice among young college girls. Moreover, this study advocates the need for design and implementation of a sustainable digital health model for active population BC screening, which is not being done currently.Social implicationsBC is a highly aggressive disease, which is now one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in India and world over. Although the knowledge of BC risk factors and its signs and symptoms have increased, the awareness of these elements among the general population at large is low and/or missing, especially in India. Furthermore, as a consequence of unorganized screening programs in the country, majority of women are presenting young with locally advanced disease. Understanding the existing level of knowledge and educating school, college and University students of the pertinent factors and screening practices such as BSE could drastically help in improving the self-screening and/or clinical examination rates. This could potentially lead to early detection and improved prognosis, thus ameliorating disease burden.Originality/valueThis study is one of the few studies conducted in India among young female college students belonging to non-medical backgrounds, delineating the level of knowledge and awareness of BC risk factors and signs and symptoms along with practice of early detection method such as BSE. The study has a considerable sample size and provides valuable evidence for a need to implement programs incorporating digital health models for accelerating awareness and screening of young girls in both rural and urban settings.
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Meshkani Z, Moradi N, Aboutorabi A, Noman S, Motlagh AG, Langarizadeh M. Systematic review of women's knowledge, attitude, and practice towards breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:171. [PMID: 35847154 PMCID: PMC9277722 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_634_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to systematically review the women's knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of breast cancer (BC) screening methods to get enough information for policymakers to orient the screening strategies. All English KAP studies on BC screening methods in five databases up to January 2021 were included. The quality of the final articles was assessed using the STROBE checklist. The qualitative synthesis was performed. Out of 5574 retrieved articles, 28 were included. About 64% of the articles were of high quality. Overall, there were poor knowledge, negative attitude, and low practice between women. The educational programs and cultural plans can encourage regular screening. Women's excessive optimism to their BC risk should be eliminated by focusing on the risk of the disease, more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Meshkani
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Moradi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Aboutorabi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Noman
- Associate Professor of Clinical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari Motlagh
- Associate Professor of Clinical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Langarizadeh
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Psychosocial Aspects of Breast Cancer. Breast Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4546-4_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hameed AF, Akkila SS, Noel KI, Alshahwani S. Effect of Anatomical and Physiological Factors on Ultrasonic Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Score in Iraqi Women Presenting with Breast Lumps. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Breast lumps are a common presentation that can be assess non-invasively using the ultrasonic examination.
AIM: The study aimed to assess the effect of different anatomical and physiological factors on the outcome of ultrasonic scoring of breast lumps.
METHODS: A total of 60 females presented with a breast lump on ultrasound assessment were randomly selected after their consent at the Clinic for Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Baghdad. The results were expressed according to the ultrasound breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) scoring.
RESULTS: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the BI-RADS score with breast size, age, postmenopausal state, and personal or familial history of breast disease. Most cases (46.7%) scored BI-RADS II, followed by scores of III (21.6%), 4 (16.7%), and V (15%). The upper lateral quadrant of the breast was the most commonly affected sites. Marital status, parity, and breastfeeding didn’t have statistically significant influence on the sores.
CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic BI-RADS scoring of breast lumps provides an initial reliable tool for the management of breast disease. Higher scores are associated with increasing breast size, age, postmenopausal state, and personal or familial history of breast disease. Several anatomical, physiological, hereditary, and environmental aspects influence such factors.
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Oswal K, Kanodia R, Pradhan A, Nadkar U, Avhad M, Venkataramanan R, Sethuraman L, Caduff C, Purushotham A. Assessment of Knowledge and Screening in Oral, Breast, and Cervical Cancer in the Population of the Northeast Region of India. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 6:601-609. [PMID: 32302235 PMCID: PMC7193798 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.19.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The burden of cancer is increasing globally, with poor outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality in patients, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Lack of awareness of the risk factors, symptoms, and signs of common cancers in addition to inadequate cancer prevention programs at the community level are a major hindrance to the early detection of cancer. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in the North East Region (NER) of India, with a sample population of 1,400 participants from Assam (n = 1,000), Meghalaya (n = 200), and Nagaland (n = 200). The questionnaire developed for the study consisted of sociodemographic profile, knowledge about cancer (oral, breast, and cervical), its warning signs, risk factors, and attitude toward cancer screening. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 13.0. RESULTS Among all the participants, 59% had heard about oral cancer, 50% about breast cancer, and 31% about cervical cancer. A limited understanding of risk factors, symptoms, and signs was reported for oral cancer (45%), breast cancer (54%), and cervical cancer (63%). A total of 34% of participants were aware of cancer screening. Among those who were aware of cancer screening, only six people had undergone any form of cancer screening, and 71% cited media as the major source of information. CONCLUSION The level of cancer awareness is low in the NER. A multipronged approach is needed with assistance from government and nongovernment organizations for training, providing adequate human resources and equipment, and developing cancer screening infrastructure. This needs to be coupled with mass media communication and interpersonal communication through frontline health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Oswal
- Tata Trusts Cancer Care Program, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlo Caduff
- Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arnie Purushotham
- Tata Trusts Cancer Care Program, Mumbai, India.,King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ju N, Liao S, Zheng S, Hua T, Zhang S. Structural equation modeling to detect predictors of breast self-examination behavior: Implications for intervention planning. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 47:583-591. [PMID: 33145891 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor among Chinese women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple, effective method for early detection of screening and it is essential for the prevention and control of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to create a hypothetical model to determine the factors influencing women's BSE behavior in Eastern China. METHODS A survey was conducted using an online questionnaire and targeting 1200 women aged 18-70 years in Eastern China. Collected data were analyzed using ibm spss 25.0 and amos 24.0 software. RESULTS The final model showed a desirable fitness to sample data. A direct positive relationship exists between knowledge on risk factors and BSE. A direct positive association was found between positive attitudes and BSE, while negative attitudes have a direct negative impact on BSE. Objective factors not only had a significant direct impact on BSE, but also directly affected the positive attitudes. Positive attitudes play an intermediary role between objective factors and BSE. CONCLUSION Knowledge on risk factors about breast cancer, attitudes toward BSE and objective factors are new predictors which may influence BSE by using the structural equation modeling method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianting Ju
- School of Medical Imaging, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shengkai Liao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Suge Zheng
- School of Medical Imaging, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Tiantian Hua
- School of Medical Imaging, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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Sahu DP, Subba SH, Giri PP. Cancer awareness and attitude towards cancer screening in India: A narrative review. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2214-2218. [PMID: 32754476 PMCID: PMC7380789 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_145_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer awareness is the key to early detection and better health-seeking behaviour. Cancer is quite common in both developing as well as developed countries, but awareness is yet poor among the general population. Poor awareness may lead to poor uptake of screening modalities and delay in diagnosis. One factor that has been consistently shown to be associated with late diagnosis and treatment is a delay in seeking help for cancer-like symptoms. This paper reviews the literature on cancer awareness among the general population and attitude towards screening modalities. The poor awareness level among the Indian population shows the need for health education and sensitisation regarding cancer and its different aspects. This will be helpful in the successful implementation of health programmes related to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Prasad Sahu
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sonu H Subba
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prajna Paramita Giri
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Srivastava A, Suhani. Mammographic Screening or Breast Cancer Awareness? Time to Ponder. Indian J Surg 2017; 79:446-449. [PMID: 29089707 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-017-1672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer in India is becoming the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in urban women. In developed countries, the mortality from breast cancer has decreased in the past few years attributable to better awareness of disease, screening programs, early detection and more effective treatment available. Although widely used, the screening programs running in the western countries have been a point of criticism in the recent years as they lead to increased healthcare cost and detection of otherwise benign and clinically insignificant breast lesion (both benign and malignant). Also in a developing country like ours where the awareness about breast cancer among the ladies is itself poor, whether screening is feasible and cost-effective is a matter of ongoing debate. We conducted this literature review to ascertain the importance of breast cancer awareness, breast self-examination, and clinical breast examination as effective screening tools in a resource deficient country like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Srivastava
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suhani
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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