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Runge A, Randhawa A, Mayo-Patiño M, Santer M, Hartl R, Dejaco D, Eloy JA. Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up of Sinonasal Leiomyomas: A Systematic Review. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2023:19458924231170464. [PMID: 37093753 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231170464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors that are rarely diagnosed in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. OBJECTIVE This systematic review summarizes the histopathologic and clinical tumor characteristics, surgical management, and follow-up of sinonasal leiomyomas. METHODS A systematic review of the literature on sinonasal leiomyoma was performed by applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for level of evidence. Patient demographics, clinical and pathological tumor characteristics, primary intervention, and results of follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS Forty studies including 84 patients with sinonasal leiomyoma were identified. The tumor was most often located in the nasal cavity (47/84, 56%) originating from the inferior turbinate (32/84, 38%). Patients mostly presented with symptoms originating from an intranasal mass, including recurrent epistaxis (41/84, 49%), nasal obstruction (43/84, 51.2%), and localized facial or head pain (25/84, 29.8%). Surgery was performed in all cases. An endoscopic approach was most frequently chosen. Recurrence occurred only twice (2.4%). Morbidity was noted in 2 cases (2.4%) following postoperative bleeding and 1 (1.2%) case following a CSF leak. CONCLUSION Sinonasal leiomyomas are neoplasms of the smooth muscle manifesting clinically with recurrent epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Management goal is total resection with clear margins to avoid local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Runge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Avneet Randhawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Melissa Mayo-Patiño
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National University of Colombia and National University Hospital of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Matthias Santer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roland Hartl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Dejaco
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jean Anderson Eloy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery, Saint Barnabas Medical Center - RWJBarnabas Health, Livingston, NJ, USA
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Noreikaite G, Kim SA, Horcher A. Nasal Septal Angioleiomyoma and Septal Sinus Surgery: A Review of 2 Cases. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2023; 102:NP72-NP75. [PMID: 33530742 DOI: 10.1177/0145561321991322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Angioleiomyomas are smooth muscle masses originating from blood vessel tunica media. This is a rare tumor, comprising less than 1% of benign sinonasal cavity tumors. Failure to recognize and surgically excise nasal angioleiomyomas can result in lesion recurrence. We present 2 new cases of nasal septum angioleiomyoma at a single institution. Additionally, both cases underwent septal and nasal surgery. Due to the nonspecific clinical and imaging findings, a high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose nasal septum angioleiomyoma, often requiring histopathological verification. Preferred treatment is complete surgical excision. From our experience, concurrent corrective septal and sinus surgery can be completed with tumors less than 1.0 cm in size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Noreikaite
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Sihun A Kim
- Ear Nose Throat and Sinus Surgery, Northwestern Medicine McHenry Hospital, McHenry, IL, USA
| | - Adelaide Horcher
- Pathology, Northwestern Medicine McHenry Hospital, McHenry, IL, USA
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Arora R, Mahindru S, Kathuria K. Sinonasal Angioleiomyoma: A Rare Entity. Biomed Hub 2020; 5:661-666. [PMID: 33564661 DOI: 10.1159/000508299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present case of angioleiomyoma of the nasal cavity in a 59-year-old male is unique, being the first case from North India and also because of its unique area of origin. The patient was referred to the Ear, Nose and Throat Outpatient Department with a diagnosis of an asymptomatic nasal mass. Biopsy done on the mass in another hospital reported angiofibroma. Excision was done after all relevant investigations. Histopathology revealed diagnosis of angioleiomyoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed desmin, SMA, and H-caldesmon positivity, consistent with the diagnosis of angioleiomyoma. Our case report thus highlights the im-portance of including this diagnosis in the differential diagnoses of nasal masses.
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Tamaki A, Babajanian E, D'Anza B, Rodriguez K. Lobular capillary hemangiomas: Case report and review of literature of vascular lesions of the nasal cavity. Am J Otolaryngol 2017; 38:363-366. [PMID: 28238339 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular tumors of the nasal cavity can represent a variety of pathologies. In this case report, we discuss two patients presenting with a large vascular lesion occupying the nasal cavity. Significant bleeding was encountered during the initial attempts for endoscopic surgical resection. One lesion was successfully excised following preoperative embolization while a second following sphenopalatine artery vascular ligation. In both cases, final pathology showed lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH). We present a literature review and discussion of LCH and other vascular tumors that present in the nasal cavity. In addition, we discuss the utility of pre-resection vascular control of these tumors.
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Varadarajan VV, Justice JM. Angioleiomyoma of nasal septum: Case report and literature review. OTOLARYNGOLOGY CASE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xocr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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George MV, Puthiyapurayil J. Leiomyoma of External Auditory Canal. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 68:377-9. [PMID: 27508144 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-016-0993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports a case of piloleiomyoma of external auditory canal, which is the 7th case of leiomyoma of the external auditory canal being reported and the 2nd case of leiomyoma arising from arrectores pilorum muscles, all the other five cases were angioleiomyomas, arising from blood vessels. A 52 years old male presented with a mass in the right external auditory canal and decreased hearing of 6 months duration. Tumor excision done by end aural approach. Histopathological examination report was leiomyoma. It is extremely rare for leiomyoma to occur in the external auditory canal because of the non-availability of smooth muscles in the external canal. So it should be considered as a very rare differential diagnosis for any tumor or polyp in the ear canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V George
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala India
| | - Jamsheeda Puthiyapurayil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala India
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Zhu G, Xiao D, Sun P. Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in angioleiomyoma of the nasal cavity of six patients. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2359-2364. [PMID: 27073480 PMCID: PMC4812515 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Angioleiomyoma of the nasal cavity is extremely rare. There are only a small number of studies in the literature that demonstrate that the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) are expressed in angioleiomyoma, and the results from these studies are inconsistent. The present study identified 6 patients with nasal angioleiomyoma that were treated between 2004 and 2013. All patients underwent endoscopic surgery and were followed-up for 1–10 years. Resected tumors were investigated for the presence of ER and PR using immunoperoxidase staining. Of the 6 patients, 4 were men and 2 were woman. The mean age of the patients was 60.5 years. The tumors of the 6 patients were identified in the nasal septum, middle turbinate, inferior turbinate, lateral wall of the nasal cavity and nasal vestibule. The clinical manifestations reported by the patients consisted of a painless mass, recurrent epistaxis and nasal obstruction. There were no specific features observed in any of the patients using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. All the patients underwent tumor dissection visualized with a nasal endoscope and recovered without recurrence or malignancy of the tumor post-surgery. Hematoxylin and eosin and immunoperoxidase staining confirmed the diagnosis of angioleiomyoma in all patients. In 5 patients the nuclei of the smooth muscle tumor cells markedly expressed ER and PR. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that ER and PR are clearly expressed in nasal angioleiomyoma. The present study suggests that the sex hormones are possibly associated with the growth of angioleiomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochen Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Dajiang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
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Bhandarkar AM, Ramaswamy B, Jaiprakash P, Chidambaranathan N. Recurrent angioleiomyoma of the middle turbinate. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2015-210686. [PMID: 26240103 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-210686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a middle-aged woman with a history of not only progressive nasal obstruction, facial pain, hyposmia and epistaxis, but also excision of the nasal mass diagnosed as a vascular leiomyoma. On examination, a smooth bulge was seen over the middle turbinate. Surgical excision along with histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed a diagnosis of recurrent vascular leiomyoma of the middle turbinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay M Bhandarkar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Balakrishnan Ramaswamy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Padmapriya Jaiprakash
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithyanand Chidambaranathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Kim AY, Choi MS, Jang DS, Lee HY. A rare case of intranasal vascular leiomyoma. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr2014208247. [PMID: 26063111 PMCID: PMC4480081 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-208247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular leiomyoma (VL) is a solitary and rare form of leiomyoma that usually occurs in the skin or subcutaneous tissue of the lower extremities. Intranasal VL is extremely rare, probably due to the lack of smooth muscle in the nasal cavity. In this study, we report a case of a 70-year-old woman with VL of the inferior nasal turbinate. An endoscopic examination revealed a pinkish globular mass at the inferior turbinate. A preoperative CT scan exhibited a highly enhanced mass originating from the inferior turbinate, and haemangioma was suspected. The patient underwent complete excision of the mass endoscopically, and the histopathological report indicated that the mass was a VL. The tumour was determined to be negative for progesterone and estrogen receptors by immunohistochemical staining. The postoperative period was uneventful. There was no local recurrence during the 12-month follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Young Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Su Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sik Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yun Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Agaimy A, Michal M, Thompson LDR, Michal M. Angioleiomyoma of the Sinonasal Tract: Analysis of 16 Cases and Review of the Literature. Head Neck Pathol 2015; 9:463-73. [PMID: 26047608 PMCID: PMC4651933 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-015-0636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Angioleiomyoma (ALM; synonyms: angiomyoma, vascular leiomyoma) is an uncommon benign tumor of skin and subcutaneous tissue. Most arise in the extremities (90 %). Head and neck ALMs are uncommon (~10 % of all ALMs) and those arising beneath the sinonasal tract mucosa are very rare (<1 %) with 38 cases reported so far. We herein analyzed 16 cases identified from our routine and consultation files. Patients included seven females and nine males aged 25-82 years (mean 58; median 62). Symptoms were intermittent nasal obstruction, sinusitis, recurrent epistaxis, and a slow-growing mass. Fifteen lesions originated within different regions of the nasal cavity and one lesion was detected incidentally in an ethmoid sinus sample. Size range was 6-25 mm (mean 11). Histologically, all lesions were well circumscribed but non-encapsulated and most (12/16) were of the compact solid type superficially mimicking conventional leiomyoma but contained numerous compressed muscular veins. The remainder were of venous (2) and cavernous (2) type. Variable amounts of mature fat were observed in four cases (25 %). Atypia, necrosis, and mitotic activity were absent. Immunohistochemistry showed consistent expression of smooth muscle actin (12/12), h-caldesmon (9/9), muscle-specific actin (4/4), variable expression of desmin (11/14) and CD56 (4/6), and absence of HMB45 expression (0/11). The covering mucosa was ulcerated in 6 cases and showed squamous metaplasia in one case. There were no recurrences after local excision. Submucosal sinonasal ALMs are rare benign tumors similar to their reported cutaneous counterparts with frequent adipocytic differentiation. They should be distinguished from renal-type angiomyolipoma. Simple excision is curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Agaimy
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstrasse 8-10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Michal
- Sikl’s Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lester D. R. Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Woodland Hills Medical Center, 5601 De Soto Avenue, Woodland Hills, CA 91367 USA
| | - Michal Michal
- Sikl’s Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Arruda MM, Monteiro DY, Fernandes AM, Menegatti V, Thomazzi E, Hubner RA, Lima LGCAD. Angioleiomyoma of the nasal cavity. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 18:409-11. [PMID: 25992133 PMCID: PMC4297014 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1364173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vascular leiomyoma of the nasal cavity is an extremely rare tumor that represents less than 1% of all vascular leiomyomas. It is more prevalent in women between the fourth and sixth decades, reaching primarily the inferior nasal turbinates. Objectives Reporting and assisting the systematization of more accurate diagnostic methods in clinical and complementary investigation of vascular leiomyoma in the nasal cavity. Resumed Report We present the case of a 49-year-old woman diagnosed with vascular leiomyoma in the nasal cavity, which manifested mainly with nasal obstruction. During investigation, computer tomography was not diagnostic, the cytologic study was not conclusive, and according to the biopsy, it was a squamous papilloma. Conclusion We suggest that the technical difficulty in obtaining an adequate amount of material for preoperative biopsy, associated with the topography of the lesion in the vestibular nasal region, may have contributed to changing the postoperative diagnosis. Thus, pathologic study of the surgical fragment is the more accurate method for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Moreira Arruda
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Yasbek Monteiro
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Atilio Maximino Fernandes
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Menegatti
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerson Thomazzi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Arthur Hubner
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lehmann S, Tzamalis G, Reichelt U, Jovanovic S. [Leiomyoma. A rare neoplasia of the parotid gland]. HNO 2012; 60:659-61. [PMID: 22532283 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-012-2505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyomas are benign neoplasias consisting of smooth muscle tissue, with the most common localization being the uterus. Less often incidence is observed in other regions such as the blood vessels, esophagus and lower urinary tract. Leiomyomas occur only rarely in the head and neck area. We report about a female patient being treated because of progredient swelling and enlargement of the left parotid gland. The histological specimen revealed a regressive transformed tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lehmann
- HNO-Klinik, Helios-Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, Berlin, Germany.
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