1
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Liu C, Wong T, Leung D, Park HYL, Aung T, Aihara M, Makornwattana M, Fang SK, Park KH, Leung C. Clinical Staging of Prostaglandin-Associated Periorbitopathy Syndrome in Glaucoma: A Review from Asia. Semin Ophthalmol 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38842062 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2361001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Topical prostaglandin analogues are commonly used to treat patients with glaucoma, but may cause periocular and periorbital complications known as prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy syndrome (PAPS). METHODS A literature review was conducted on PAPS. Given the lack of consensus on grading PAPS, glaucoma specialists from Asia convened to evaluate current PAPS grading systems and propose additional considerations in grading PAPS. RESULTS Existing grading systems are limited by the lack of specificity in defining grades and consideration for patients' subjective perception of symptoms. Patient-reported symptoms (e.g., via a self-assessment tool) and additional clinical assessments (e.g., exophthalmometry, lid laxity, differences between tonometry results, baseline measurements, and external ocular photographs) would be beneficial for grading PAPS systematically. CONCLUSIONS Effective management of PAPS could be facilitated by a common clinical grading system to consistently and accurately diagnose and characterise symptoms. Further research is required to validate specific recommendations and approaches to stage and monitor PAPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tina Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Dexter Leung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Tin Aung
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Ki Ho Park
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Christopher Leung
- School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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2
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Amin N, Singh VK, Kannaujiya VK. Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids as a Potential Inhibitor of Tyrosinase-Related Protein 1: Computational Screening, Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01153-2. [PMID: 38652428 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Melanin is the major pigment responsible for the coloring of mammalian skin, hair, and eyes to defend against ultraviolet radiation. However, excessive melanin production has resulted in numerous types of hyperpigmentation disorders. Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein enzyme found in many organisms, including humans, that plays an important role in melanogenesis. Thus, controlling the enzyme activity of TYRP1 with tyrosinase inhibitors is a vital step in the treatment of hyperpigmentation problems in humans. In the present investigation, virtual screening, pharmacokinetics, drug docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were used to find the most potent drug as an inhibitor of TYRP1 to effectively treat hyperpigmentation disorder. The 3D structure of TYRP1 was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) database (PDB ID: 5M8M) and validated by the Ramachandran plot. Pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness showed that mycosporine 2 glycine (M2G) and shinorine (SHI) were the best compounds over other ligands in the same (P-1) structural pose. However, MD simulations of the M2G showed the highest CDOCKER interaction energy (-45.182 kcal/mol) and binding affinity (-65.0529 kcal/mol) as compared to SHI and reference drugs. The molecular binding modes RMSD and RMSF plots have exhibited more relevance to the M2G ligand in comparison to other drug ligands. The bioactivity and ligand efficiency profiles revealed that M2G is the most effective compound as a TYRP1 inhibitor. Thus, M2G could be used as a most effective drug for developing valuable sunscreen products to cure hyperpigmentation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Amin
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinay K Singh
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Kannaujiya
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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3
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Zhang T, Li Y, Guo J, Sun W, Lv Y. Synthetic Polymer Nanoparticles as an Abiotic Artificial Inhibitor of Tyrosinase. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303615. [PMID: 38174888 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
An innovative methodology is presented for synthesizing synthetic polymer nanoparticles (TINPs) as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. This inhibition strategy combines the integration of two distinct functionalities, phenol, and phenylboronic acid, within the TINPs structure. The phenyl group mimics the natural monophenol substrate, forming a strong coordination with the catalytic copper ion, significantly inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Additionally, phenylboronic acid interacts with catechol, another tyrosinase substrate, further reducing enzyme efficiency. The shared benzene ring in phenyl and phenylboronic acid enhances binding to tyrosinase's hydrophobic pocket near its copper active site, contributing to potent inhibition. TINPs exhibit exceptional performance, boasting an impressive IC50 value of 3.5×10-8 m and an inhibition constant of 9.8×10-9 m. Validation of the approach is unequivocally demonstrated through the successful inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin production, substantiated in both in vitro and in vivo scenarios. The mechanism of TINP inhibition is elucidated through circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This study introduces a versatile design approach for developing abiotic polymer-based enzyme inhibitors, expanding possibilities in enzyme inhibition research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, National Energy Research and Development Center for Biorefinery, International Joint Bioenergy Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, National Energy Research and Development Center for Biorefinery, International Joint Bioenergy Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weiliang Sun
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongqin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, National Energy Research and Development Center for Biorefinery, International Joint Bioenergy Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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4
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Elkattan A, Amen Y, Matsumoto M, Nagata M, Mittraphab Y, Shimizu K. Anti-phototoxicity and anti-melanogenesis activities of eelgrass Zostera marina and its phenolic constituents. Fitoterapia 2024; 173:105817. [PMID: 38176473 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The eelgrass Zostera marina L. has several economic roles, from its earlier usage in the insulation industry to protecting the earth from global warming. In this study, we aimed to discover the cosmetic potential of Z. marina. A methanolic extract of Z. marina showed anti-phototoxicity and anti-melanogenesis activity with an IC50 of 17.5 μM, followed by a phytochemical analysis of its phenolic constituents. Ten compounds (1-10) were isolated by several chromatographic techniques and identified by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR/MS). The identified compounds are caffeic acid (1), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid) (2), luteolin (3), diosmetin (4), 4-coumaroyl-4'-hydroxyl phenyllactic acid (5), rosmarinic acid (6), caffeoyl-4'-hydroxy-phenyllactic acid (isorinic acid) (7), apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), and luteolin 7-sulfate (10). This is the first report to identify compounds 5 and 7 from the family Zosteraceae. The isolated compounds were assessed for their anti-aging abilities and were found to exhibit good anti-phototoxicity and anti-melanogenesis activities by increasing the viability of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells by 6% to 34% and by inhibiting melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells by 44% to 65%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Elkattan
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yhiya Amen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Masako Matsumoto
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Maki Nagata
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yanisa Mittraphab
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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5
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Georgievskaya A, Tlyachev T, Kiselev K, Hillebrand G, Chekanov K, Danko D, Golodyaev A, Majmudar G. Predicting human chronological age via AI analysis of dorsal hand versus facial images: A study in a cohort of Indian females. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15045. [PMID: 38509744 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Predicting a person's chronological age (CA) from visible skin features using artificial intelligence (AI) is now commonplace. Often, convolutional neural network (CNN) models are built using images of the face as biometric data. However, hands hold telltale signs of a person's age. To determine the utility of using only hand images in predicting CA, we developed two deep CNNs based on 1) dorsal hand images (H) and 2) frontal face images (F). Subjects (n = 1454) were Indian women, 20-80 years, across three geographic cohorts (Mumbai, New Delhi and Bangalore) and having a broad variation in skin tones. Images were randomised: 70% of F and 70% of H were used to train CNNs. The remaining 30% of F and H were retained for validation. CNN validation showed mean absolute error for predicting CA using F and H of 4.1 and 4.7 years, respectively. In both cases correlations of predicted and actual age were statistically significant (r(F) = 0.93, r(H) = 0.90). The CNNs for F and H were validated for dark and light skin tones. Finally, by blurring or accentuating visible features on specific regions of the hand and face, we identified those features that contributed to the CNN models. For the face, areas of the inner eye corner and around the mouth were most important for age prediction. For the hands, knuckle texture was a key driver for age prediction. Collectively, for AI estimates of CA, CNNs based solely on hand images are a viable alternative and comparable to CNNs based on facial images.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Greg Hillebrand
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gopa Majmudar
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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6
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Wang Z, Cui M, Wang H, Ma L, Han Y, Han D, Yan H. Identification of tyrosinase inhibitors in defatted seeds of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) by affinity-labeled molecular networking. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114097. [PMID: 38395549 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The defatted seeds of evening primrose (DE), a by-product of evening primrose oil extraction, are currently underutilized. This study aimed to valorize DE by examining its effects on melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity in zebrafish embryos and in vitro, and an innovative affinity-labeled molecular networking workflow was proposed for the rapid identification of tyrosinase inhibitors in DE. Our results indicated DE significantly reduced melanin content (53.3 % at 100 μg/mL) and tyrosinse activity (80.05 % for monophenolase and 70.40 % for diphenolase at 100 μg/mL). Furthermore, through the affinity-labeled molecular networking approach, 20 compounds were identified as potential tyrosinase inhibitors within DE, predominantly flavonoids and tannins characterized by catechin and galloyl substructures. Seven of these compounds were isolated and their inhibitory effects on tyrosinase were validated using functional assays. This study not only underscores the potential of DE as a rich source of natural tyrosinase inhibitors but also establishes the effectiveness of affinity-labeled molecular networking in pinpointing bioactive compounds in complex biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mingfan Cui
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yehong Han
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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7
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Rathore G, Das K, Landau M, Verner I, Kassir M, Galadari HI, Gold MH, Babaei M, Goldust M. Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management of Infraorbital Wrinkles and Pigmentation. Dermatol Clin 2024; 42:79-88. [PMID: 37977688 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Lower eyelid skin is unique and different from that of other areas. In addition to being an area of high exposure to the sun and elements, there are anatomic considerations and specific histologic characteristics that can cause the skin in this area to be more sensitive. These attributes can readily cause under-eye wrinkling and pigmentation. This review aims to present an updated overview of the current knowledge regarding the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of wrinkles and pigmentation in this area. These disorders are usually caused by different factors, such as genetics, aging, sun exposure, lack of sleep, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanesh Rathore
- Department of Dermatology, Military Hospital, Dimapur, Nagaland, India
| | | | - Marina Landau
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Ines Verner
- Verner Clinic for Dermatology and Aesthetics, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Hassan I Galadari
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael H Gold
- Gold Skin Care Center, Tennessee Clinical Research Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mahsa Babaei
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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8
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Sıcak Y, Aktar BSK, Yılmaz GT, Öztürk FA, Öztürk M, Tok TT, Emre EE. Design, Synthesis, Pharmacological Activities, Structure-Activity Relationship, and In Silico Studies of Novel 5-Substituted-2-(morpholinoimino)-thiazolidin-4-ones. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38641-38657. [PMID: 37867693 PMCID: PMC10586451 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed to synthesize morpholine- and thiazolidine-based novel 5-(substituted)benzylidene)-2-(morpholinoimino)-3-phenylthiazolidin-4-ones (3-26) and characterized by molecular spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds were subjected to antioxidant activity with anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, and urease inhibition activities and evaluated the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of enzyme inhibition activities. Compound 11 was found to be the most active antioxidant. In anticholinesterase inhibition, compound 12 (IC50: 17.41 ± 0.22 μM) was the most active against AChE, while compounds 3-26 ( except 3, 8, and 17) showed notable activity against BChE. Compounds 17 (IC50: 3.22 ± 0.70 mM), 15 (IC50: 5.19 ± 0.03 mM), 24 (IC50: 7.21 ± 0.27 mM), 23 (IC50: 8.05 ± 0.11 mM), 14 (IC50: 8.10 ± 0.22 mM), 25 (IC50: 8.40 ± 0.64 mM), 26 (IC50: 8.76 ± 0.90 mM), and 22 (IC50: 9.13 ± 0.55 mM) produced higher tyrosinase inhibition activity. In urease inhibition activity, compounds 20 (IC50: 16.79 ± 0.19 μM), 19 (IC50: 18.25 ± 0.50 μM), 18 (IC50: 20.24 ± 0.77 μM), 26 (IC50: 21.51 ± 0.44 μM), 25 (IC50: 21.70 ± 0.06 μM), and 24 (IC50: 22.49 ± 0.11 μM) demonstrated excellent activities. Besides, the molecular docking study was applied to better understand the inhibitory mechanism between (1-26) compounds and enzymes at the molecular level. According to the results of this study, the synthesized compounds exhibited a better binding affinity toward these enzymes compared to the positive control. Further, molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) binding free energy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analyses were performed for AChE with compound 26, which showed high inhibitory activity in silico and in vitro studies. In conclusion, novel morpholine and thiazolidine-based derivative compounds may be pharmacologically effective agents for AChE, BChE, tyrosinase, and urease enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Sıcak
- Department
of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Köyceğiz Vocational
School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman
University, Köyceğiz, Muğla 48800, Turkey
| | - Bedriye Seda Kurşun Aktar
- Department
of Hair Care and Beauty Services, Yeşilyurt Vocational School, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
| | - Gizem Tatar Yılmaz
- Department
of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Fatma Aydoğmuş Öztürk
- Department
of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Köyceğiz Vocational
School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman
University, Köyceğiz, Muğla 48800, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Öztürk
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Muğla
Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla 48121, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Taşkın Tok
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Emine Elçin
Oruç Emre
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
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9
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Nur S, Setiawan H, Hanafi M, Elya B. Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Studies and Biological Activity of Curculigo latifolia Plant Organs for Natural Skin-Whitening Compound Candidate. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:5785259. [PMID: 37829602 PMCID: PMC10567512 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5785259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Curculigo latifolia (family Amaryllidaceae) is used empirically for medicinal purposes. It is distributed throughout Asian countries, especially Indonesia. This study aimed at standardizing the C. latifolia plant, analyzing its phytochemical profile, and evaluating its pharmacological effects. The powder from each organ (root, stem, and leaves) was standardized organoleptically and microscopically. Samples were extracted by graded maceration using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extracts were determined for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Antioxidant (radical scavenging and metal ion reduction) and antityrosinase activities were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Extracts were analysed for phytochemical profiles by LC-ESI-MS. The highest TPC and TFC were found in the ethanolic extract of the root organ (68.63 ± 2.97 mg GAE/g) and the ethyl acetate extract of the stem (14.33 ± 0.71 mg QE/g extract). High antioxidant activities were found in the ethanolic root extract (20.42 ± 0.33 µg/mL) and ethanolic stem extract (45.65 ± 0.77 µg/mL) by DPPH• and NO• assays, respectively. The ion reduction activity (by CUPRAC assay) was most significant in the ethyl acetate stem extract (390.42 ± 14.49 µmol GAEAC/g extract). Ethanolic root extract was the most active in inhibiting tyrosinase (IC50 value of 108.5 µg/mL). The correlation matrix between TPC and antioxidant activities showed a moderate to robust correlation, whereas the TPC and antityrosinase activity showed a robust correlation. The TFC and antioxidant or antityrosinase activities showed a weak to moderate correlation. The LC-ESI-MS data identified major phenols in the active extracts, including methyl 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoate, quercetin, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid-1, and curculigoside. Overall, this study suggests that extracts from the C. latifolia plant offer potent antioxidant and antityrosinase activities, allowing them to be used as natural antioxidants and candidates for skin-lightening compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamsu Nur
- Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Almarisah Madani University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Heri Setiawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hanafi
- Indonesian Institute of Sciences (National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)), Jakarta 15314, Indonesia
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, South Jakarta 12640, Indonesia
| | - Berna Elya
- Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
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10
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Jung G, Kim S, Lee J, Yoo S. Generation of skin tone and pigmented region-modified images using a pigment discrimination model trained with an optical approach. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13486. [PMID: 37881042 PMCID: PMC10535813 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin tone and pigmented regions, associated with melanin and hemoglobin, are critical indicators of skin condition. While most prior research focuses on pigment analysis, the capability to simulate diverse pigmentation conditions could greatly broaden the range of applications. However, current methodologies have limitations in terms of numerical control and versatility. METHODS We introduce a hybrid technique that integrates optical methods with deep learning to produce skin tone and pigmented region-modified images with numerical control. The pigment discrimination model produces melanin, hemoglobin, and shading maps from skin images. The outputs are reconstructed into skin images using a forward problem-solving approach, with model training aimed at minimizing the discrepancy between the reconstructed and input images. By adjusting the melanin and hemoglobin maps, we create pigment-modified images, allowing precise control over changes in melanin and hemoglobin levels. Changes in pigmentation are quantified using the individual typology angle (ITA) for skin tone and melanin and erythema indices for pigmented regions, validating the intended modifications. RESULTS The pigment discrimination model achieved correlation coefficients with clinical equipment of 0.915 for melanin and 0.931 for hemoglobin. The alterations in the melanin and hemoglobin maps exhibit a proportional correlation with the ITA and pigment indices in both quantitative and qualitative assessments. Additionally, regions overlaying melanin and hemoglobin are demonstrated to verify independent adjustments. CONCLUSION The proposed method offers an approach to generate modified images of skin tone and pigmented regions. Potential applications include visualizing alterations for clinical assessments, simulating the effects of skincare products, and generating datasets for deep learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geunho Jung
- AI R∖&D Centerlululab Inc.SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Semin Kim
- AI R∖&D Centerlululab Inc.SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jongha Lee
- AI R∖&D Centerlululab Inc.SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sangwook Yoo
- AI R∖&D Centerlululab Inc.SeoulRepublic of Korea
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11
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Youssef S, Custódio L, Rodrigues MJ, Pereira CG, Calhelha RC, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Ben Hamed K. Harnessing the Bioactive Potential of Limonium spathulatum (Desf.) Kuntze: Insights into Enzyme Inhibition and Phytochemical Profile. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3391. [PMID: 37836131 PMCID: PMC10574883 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the halophyte species Limonium spathulatum (Desf.) as a possible source of natural ingredients with the capacity to inhibit enzymes related to relevant human health disorders and food browning. Extracts using food-grade solvents such as water and ethanol were prepared by maceration from dried L. spathulatum leaves. They were evaluated for in vitro inhibition activity of enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glucosidase, tyrosinase and lipase, related to Alzheimer's disease, type-2-diabetes mellitus, skin hyperpigmentation, and obesity, respectively. These extracts were also appraised for in vitro acute toxicity on tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines and their chemical composition by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The extracts were more effective towards BChE than AChE. The best results were obtained with the hydroethanolic and water extracts, with IC50 values of 0.03 mg/mL and 0.06 mg/mL, respectively. The hydroethanolic extract had the highest capacity to inhibit α-glucosidase (IC50: 0.04 mg/mL), higher than the positive control used (acarbose, IC50 = 3.14 mg/mL). The ethanol extract displayed the best inhibitory activity against tyrosinase (IC50 = 0.34 mg/mL). The tested samples did not inhibit lipase and exhibited low to moderate cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines. The hydroethanolic extract had a higher diversity of compounds, followed by the ethanol and water samples. Similar molecules were identified in all the extracts and were mainly hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids. Taken together, these results suggest that L. spathulatum should be further explored as a source of bioactive ingredients for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seria Youssef
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of BorjCedria, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia;
| | - Luisa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.C.); (M.J.R.); (C.G.P.)
| | - Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.C.); (M.J.R.); (C.G.P.)
| | - Catarina G. Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.C.); (M.J.R.); (C.G.P.)
| | - Ricardo C. Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - József Jekő
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4405 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (J.J.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4405 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (J.J.); (Z.C.)
| | - Karim Ben Hamed
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of BorjCedria, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia;
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12
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Vašková J, Stupák M, Vidová Ugurbaş M, Žatko D, Vaško L. Therapeutic Efficiency of Humic Acids in Intoxications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040971. [PMID: 37109500 PMCID: PMC10143271 DOI: 10.3390/life13040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Humins, humic and fulvic acids represent molecules with complex structures. These compounds comprising humic substances (HS) exist naturally in soil, brown coal, peat, and water. They are formed during the decomposition and transformation of organic matter (animal and plant remains) and their formation explains several theories. Within their chemical structures, there are numerous phenolic and carboxyl groups and their derivatives that affect their different properties, such as their solubility in water or their absorption of cations or mycotoxins. The manifold chemical structure of HS alters their polyelectrolyte character and thus their chelating efficiency. For many years, HS have been studied due to their detoxification, anti-, and pro-inflammatory or anticancer and antiviral ability. This article summarizes the antioxidant and adsorption properties of humic acids, highlighting their usefulness in intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Vašková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marek Stupák
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Vidová Ugurbaş
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Žatko
- Imuna Pharm, a.s., Šarišské Michaľany, 082 22 Presov, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Vaško
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
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13
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Krutmann J, Piquero-Casals J, Morgado-Carrasco D, Granger C, Trullàs C, Passeron T, Lim HW. Photoprotection for people with skin of colour: needs and strategies. Br J Dermatol 2023; 188:168-175. [PMID: 36763874 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Skin of colour or pigmented skin has unique characteristics: it has a higher eumelanin-to-pheomelanin ratio, more mature melanosomes, an increased amount of melanin distributed in the upper layers of the epidermis, and more efficient DNA repair compared with lighter skin. However, individuals with skin of colour are at a significant risk of skin damage caused by ultraviolet radiation, including the development of photodermatoses and photoageing changes such as uneven skin tone, and are predisposed to pigmentary disorders. In fact, one of the most common conditions leading to dermatology consultations by patients with skin of colour is photoexacerbated pigmentary disorders. Unfortunately, individuals with skin of colour may be less prone to engage in photoprotective measures, including the use of sunscreens. Physicians are also less likely to prescribe sunscreens for them. There is thus a clear need for better education on photodamage and for more efficient and suitable photoprotection in populations with skin of colour. However, this need has thus far only partially been met, and the development of sunscreen products designed to provide optimal photoprotection for people with skin of colour remains a challenge. Targeted sunscreens for individuals with skin of colour require optimal cosmetic appeal (leaving no white residue and not disrupting skin tone). They should include broad-spectrum [ultraviolet (UV)B/UVA] protection with high sun protection factor, as well as protection against long-wave UVA (UVA1) and visible light, as these wavelengths are capable of inducing or augmenting pigmentary disorders. They may also contain depigmenting agents for patients with pigmentary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Morgado-Carrasco
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Thierry Passeron
- University Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, Department of Dermatology, Nice, France.,University Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Henry W Lim
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
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14
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Hosseini Nasab N, Raza H, Eom YS, Hassan M, Kloczkowski A, Kim SJ. Synthesis and discovery of potential tyrosinase inhibitor of new coumarin-based thiophenyl-pyrazolylthiazole nuclei: In vitro evaluation, cytotoxicity, kinetic, and computational studies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:1262-1272. [PMID: 36746678 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A well-known key enzyme in melanogenesis and hyperpigmentation is tyrosinase. The present study introduces a novel series of thiophenyl-pyrazolylthiazole-coumarin hybrids (6a-6h) as tyrosinase inhibitors. The in-vitro tyrosinase inhibition results indicated that all compounds have strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity, particularly compound 6g (IC50 = 0.043 ± 0.006 μM), was identified as the most active compound compared to the positive control (kojic acid, IC50 = 18.521 ± 1.162 μM). Lineweaver-Burk plots were employed to analyze the kinetic mechanism, and compound 6g formed an enzyme-inhibitor complex by inhibiting tyrosinase non-competitively. Furthermore, all compounds demonstrated excellent antioxidant activity against DPPH. MTT assay was used to screen the cytotoxicity of all compounds on B16F10 melanoma cells, and they had no toxic effect on the cells. The binding affinity of compounds with tyrosinase was also investigated using molecular docking, and the ligands displayed good binding energy values. These molecules could be a promising lead for skin pigmentation and associated diseases as nontoxic pharmacological scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Hosseini Nasab
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hussain Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Eom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
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15
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Markiewicz E, Idowu OC. Evaluation of Personalized Skincare Through in-silico Gene Interactive Networks and Cellular Responses to UVR and Oxidative Stress. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:2221-2243. [PMID: 36284733 PMCID: PMC9588296 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s383790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Personalized approaches in dermatology are designed to match the specific requirements based on the individual genetic makeup. One major factor accounting for the differences in skin phenotypes is single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within several genes with diverse roles that extend beyond skin tone and pigmentation. Therefore, the cellular sensitivities to the environmental stress and damage linked to extrinsic aging could also underlie the individual characteristics of the skin and dictate the unique skin care requirements. This study aimed to identify the likely biomarkers and molecular signatures expressed in skin cells of different ethnic backgrounds, which could aid further the design of personalized skin products based on specific demands. Methods Using data mining and in-silico modeling, the association of SNP-affected genes with three major skin types of European, Asian and African origin was analyzed and compared within the structure-function gene interaction networks. Cultured dermal fibroblasts were subsequently subjected to ultraviolet radiation and oxidative stress and analyzed for DNA damage and senescent markers. The protective applications of two cosmetic ingredients, Resveratrol and Quercetin, were validated in both cellular and in-silico models. Results Each skin type was characterized by the presence of SNPs in the genes controlling facultative and constitutive pigmentation, which could also underlie the major differences in responses to photodamage, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and barrier homeostasis. Skin-type-specific dermal fibroblasts cultured in-vitro demonstrated distinctive sensitivities to ultraviolet radiation and oxidative stress, which could be modulated further by the bioactive compounds with the predicted capacities to interact with some of the genes in the in-silico models. Conclusion Evaluation of the SNP-affected gene networks and likely sensitivities of skin cells, defined as low threshold levels to extrinsic stress factors, can provide a valuable tool for the design and formulation of personalized skin products that match more accurately diverse ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Markiewicz
- Hexis Lab, The Catalyst, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olusola C Idowu
- Hexis Lab, The Catalyst, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,Correspondence: Olusola C Idowu, HexisLab Limited, The Catalyst, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG, UK, Tel +44 1394 825487, Email
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16
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Bernerd F, Passeron T, Castiel I, Marionnet C. The Damaging Effects of Long UVA (UVA1) Rays: A Major Challenge to Preserve Skin Health and Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158243. [PMID: 35897826 PMCID: PMC9368482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Within solar ultraviolet (UV) light, the longest UVA1 wavelengths, with significant and relatively constant levels all year round and large penetration properties, produce effects in all cutaneous layers. Their effects, mediated by numerous endogenous chromophores, primarily involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resulting oxidative stress is the major mode of action of UVA1, responsible for lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA lesions and subsequent intracellular signaling cascades. These molecular changes lead to mutations, apoptosis, dermis remodeling, inflammatory reactions and abnormal immune responses. The altered biological functions contribute to clinical consequences such as hyperpigmentation, inflammation, photoimmunosuppression, sun allergies, photoaging and photocancers. Such harmful impacts have also been reported after the use of UVA1 phototherapy or tanning beds. Furthermore, other external aggressors, such as pollutants and visible light (Vis), were shown to induce independent, cumulative and synergistic effects with UVA1 rays. In this review, we synthetize the biological and clinical effects of UVA1 and the complementary effects of UVA1 with pollutants or Vis. The identified deleterious biological impact of UVA1 contributing to clinical consequences, combined with the predominance of UVA1 rays in solar UV radiation, constitute a solid rational for the need for a broad photoprotection, including UVA1 up to 400 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Bernerd
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay sous Bois, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-48-68-95-95
| | - Thierry Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Nice, University Côte d’Azur, 151, Route de Ginestière, 06200 Nice, France;
- Research Center C3M, INSERM Unit 1065, University Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Castiel
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 3 Rue Dora Maar, 93400 Saint-Ouen, France;
| | - Claire Marionnet
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay sous Bois, France;
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17
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Wang Z, Wang N, Han D, Yan H. Characterization of Tyrosinase Inhibitors in Dryopteris crassirhizoma Rhizome Using a Combination of High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography, Affinity-Based Ultrafiltration, and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Front Nutr 2022; 9:862773. [PMID: 35520284 PMCID: PMC9063005 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.862773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dryopteris crassirhizoma rhizome (DCR) inhibits melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells and tyrosinase activity. The melanin content and tyrosinase activity of DCR-treated zebrafish embryos were determined to evaluate the in vivo inhibitory effect of DCR on melanogenesis. Moreover, an off-line hyphenated method combining the high-speed counter-current chromatography, affinity-based ultrafiltration, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify and characterize the DCR compounds with tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Our results indicated that DCR significantly decreased the melanin content and tyrosinase activity in zebrafish embryos in a dose-dependent manner; moreover, 22 compounds in DCR presented tyrosinase inhibitory activity. In silico molecular docking prediction data indicated that the 22 compounds in DCR can form stable conformations in the active site pocket of tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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18
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Shah S, Manry S, Makino E, Mehta R. Clinical Assessment of a Circadian-based Antioxidant System Combined with a Comprehensive Brightening Serum in Diverse Subjects with Moderate to Severe Facial Hyperpigmentation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:2082-2088. [PMID: 35287252 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperpigmentation conditions can affect all skin types but occur more frequently in darker skin. Because many factors have been implicated in the etiologies of these disorders, multi-targeted approaches may be required to achieve a better overall outcome in a diverse patient population. AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of a combination regimen of a comprehensive cosmetic brightening agent (LYT2) with a broad blend of antioxidants (LVS) to reduce hyperpigmentation and improve overall skin appearance. METHODS The combination of LYT2 and LVS, in addition to a basic skincare routine, was evaluated in subjects of either Caucasian or Asian (a majority of whom were Indian) descent, presenting with moderate to severe hyperpigmentation. Efficacy evaluations consisted of investigator clinical grading of overall hyperpigmentation, skin-tone evenness, and radiance, as well as subject self-assessment questionnaires. RESULTS Immediate and progressive improvement was noted by the investigators for all assessed parameters. At the end of the 12-week study, investigators observed a 45% mean decrease from baseline for overall hyperpigmentation. In addition, a 50% improvement in skin tone evenness and a 58% increase in radiance was observed. These investigator assessments were matched by good patient scores for self-perceived efficacy parameters and high overall satisfaction. One patient (7%) showed a treatment-related adverse event. CONCLUSION A combination skincare regimen that combines the pigmentation control of LYT2 with the broad antioxidant defense of LVS is a well-tolerated and effective treatment option to improve the appearance of facial hyperpigmentation and make skin more radiant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rahul Mehta
- Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine
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19
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Chandrashekar BS, Soumya S. Effectiveness and Safety of Topical Under-eye Serum in Patients with Periorbital Hyperpigmentation: An Open-label Single Arm Prospective Study. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2022; 15:18-22. [PMID: 35309875 PMCID: PMC8884187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the efficacy and safety of a topical under-eye serum (Melalumin™; Menarini India Pvt Ltd.) in patients with periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH). METHODS In this prospective, open-label single-arm study, 90 patients aged 18 to 55 years with Grade I to IV pigmentary POH, were given the under-eye serum for three months. Follow-up visits were scheduled at one, two and three months from baseline. Effectiveness was evaluated by two independent dermatologists using a skin colorimeter (Dermacatch) and dermoscopy (FotoFinder Systems, Inc., Medical Imaging Systems; Columbia, Maryland), as well as global photographs and patient-reported satisfaction ratings (excellent, very good, good, not satisfied). Adverse events were recorded. The colorimeter values were evaluated using the paired T test and the single-mean T test was used for dermoscopy and global clinical photographs. RESULTS Of the 90 patients included, 85 completed the study. Significant reductions in colorimeter values were noted in both melanin (from 708 to 621) and erythema (from 450 to 417) over three months (p<0.05). Mean improvement in dermoscopic assessment was 48.41 percent; Most (n=73/85; 85.88%) patients achieved >25-percent improvement; over one-third (n=31/85; 36.47%) showed >50-percent improvement. Global photographs improved by 49.47 percent; most (n=75/85; 88.24%) patients showed >25-percent improvement, over one-third (n=38/85; 44.71%) showed >50-percent improvement. Patient satisfaction levels were high (Excellent: 16 [18.82%]; Very good: 38 [44.71%]); Good: 26 [30.59%]; Not satisfied: 5 [5.88%]). No adverse events were noted. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates safety and effectiveness of the studied under-eye serum in patients with pigmentary POH. In addition to clinical improvements noted by the investigators, significant improvements were also noted in colorimeter values, dermoscopy results, and global photographs. Patients exhibited high satisfaction levels with treatment outcomes. No safety concerns were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Chandrashekar
- Dr. Chandrashekar and Dr. Soragavi Soumya are with the Department of Dermatology and the CUTIS Academy of Cutaneous Sciences in Vijayanagar, Bangalore, India
| | - Soragavi Soumya
- Dr. Chandrashekar and Dr. Soragavi Soumya are with the Department of Dermatology and the CUTIS Academy of Cutaneous Sciences in Vijayanagar, Bangalore, India
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20
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Lawrence KP, Sarkany RPE, Acker S, Herzog B, Young AR. A new visible light absorbing organic filter offers superior protection against pigmentation by wavelengths at the UVR-visible boundary region. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 227:112372. [PMID: 34954519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin pigmentation by solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR; ~295-400 nm) is well established. More recently, visible light (VL; 400-740 nm) has been shown to induce rapid pigmentation. Such pigmentation is thought to be caused by oxidative stress, which has associations with skin cancer and photoageing. However, the UVR-VL boundary region has been less well studied. The lower back of healthy Fitzpatrick skin type II-IV individuals was irradiated with increasing doses of narrow-band 385 nm and 405 nm radiation. Pigmentation change was measured immediately, 6 h and 24 h post-irradiation using two reflectance spectroscopy devices and visual grading. Pigmentation was dose-dependently increased in all skin types and time points for both spectra. Two sunscreens, both labelled SPF 15 and UVA protective in the EU and USA (but with different Boots star rating in the UK, 2* vs 5*) were compared. Their formulations were the same apart from the addition of a new organic filter bis-(diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl benzoyl) piperazine (BDBP) that absorbs between 350 and 425 nm. The product that lacked BDBP provided minimal protection against pigmentation, but its addition provided almost complete protection. This demonstrates the needs to improve photoprotection at the UVR-visible border and for sunscreens to act as neutral density filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl P Lawrence
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Robert P E Sarkany
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | | | - Antony R Young
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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21
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Rodrigues MJ, Castañeda-Loaiza V, Monteiro I, Pinela J, Barros L, Abreu RMV, Oliveira MC, Reis C, Soares F, Pousão-Ferreira P, Pereira CG, Custódio L. Metabolomic Profile and Biological Properties of Sea Lavender ( Limonium algarvense Erben) Plants Cultivated with Aquaculture Wastewaters: Implications for Its Use in Herbal Formulations and Food Additives. Foods 2021; 10:3104. [PMID: 34945654 PMCID: PMC8700961 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Water extracts from sea lavender (Limonium algarvense Erben) plants cultivated in greenhouse conditions and irrigated with freshwater and saline aquaculture effluents were evaluated for metabolomics by liquid chromatography-tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS), and functional properties by in vitro and ex vivo methods. In vitro antioxidant methods included radical scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and copper and iron chelating assets. Flowers' extracts had the highest compounds' diversity (flavonoids and its derivatives) and strongest in vitro antioxidant activity. These extracts were further tested for ex vivo antioxidant properties by oxidative haemolysis inhibition (OxHLIA), lipid peroxidation inhibition by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, and anti-melanogenic, anti-tyrosinase, anti-inflammation, and cytotoxicity. Extract from plants irrigated with 300 mM NaCl was the most active towards TBARS (IC50 = 81 µg/mL) and tyrosinase (IC50 = 873 µg/mL). In OxHLIA, the activity was similar for fresh- and saltwater-irrigated plants (300 mM NaCl; IC50 = 136 and 140 µg/mL, respectively). Samples had no anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic abilities and were not toxic. Our results suggest that sea lavender cultivated under saline conditions could provide a flavonoid-rich water extract with antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties with potential use as a food preservative or as a functional ingredient in herbal supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (V.C.-L.); (C.G.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Viana Castañeda-Loaiza
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (V.C.-L.); (C.G.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Ivo Monteiro
- IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, Av. do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhao, Portugal; (I.M.); (F.S.); (P.P.-F.)
| | - José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal; (J.P.); (L.B.); (R.M.V.A.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal; (J.P.); (L.B.); (R.M.V.A.)
| | - Rui M. V. Abreu
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal; (J.P.); (L.B.); (R.M.V.A.)
| | - Maria Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo Interdisciplinar, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Catarina Reis
- iMed.Ulisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Florbela Soares
- IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, Av. do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhao, Portugal; (I.M.); (F.S.); (P.P.-F.)
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, Av. do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhao, Portugal; (I.M.); (F.S.); (P.P.-F.)
| | - Catarina G. Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (V.C.-L.); (C.G.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (V.C.-L.); (C.G.P.); (L.C.)
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Damghani T, Hadaegh S, khoshneviszadeh M, Pirhadi S, Sabet R, Khoshneviszadeh M, Edraki N. Design, synthesis, in vitro evaluation and molecular docking study of N'-Arylidene imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine -2-carbohydrazide derivatives as novel Tyrosinase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Evaluating the Performance of a Non-Bonded Cu 2+ Model Including Jahn-Teller Effect into the Binding of Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134783. [PMID: 32640730 PMCID: PMC7369908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) is a metalloenzyme classified as a type-3 copper protein, which is involved in the synthesis of melanin through a catalytic process beginning with the conversion of the amino acid l-Tyrosine (l-Tyr) to l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA). It plays an important role in the mechanism of melanogenesis in various organisms including mammals, plants, and fungi. Herein, we used a combination of computational molecular modeling techniques including molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and the linear interaction energy (LIE) model to evaluate the binding free energy of a set of analogs of kojic acid (KA) in complex with TYR. For the MD simulations, we used a dummy model including the description of the Jahn–Teller effect for Cu2+ ions in the active site of this enzyme. Our results show that the LIE model predicts the TYR binding affinities of the inhibitor in close agreement to experimental results. Overall, we demonstrate that the classical model provides a suitable description of the main interactions between analogs of KA and Cu2+ ions in the active site of TYR.
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Raveendra L, Sidappa H, Shree S. A Study of Quality of Life in Patients with Facial Melanoses. Indian Dermatol Online J 2020; 11:154-157. [PMID: 32477971 PMCID: PMC7247630 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_209_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Facial melanoses decreases the quality of life (QoL). Melasma is the commonest cause but there are various other etiologies for facial pigmentation. Aims: To study the clinical profile of patients with facial melanoses and the psychological burden in these patients. Settings and Design: All patients having patchy or diffuse facial pigmentation attending the OPD in a tertiary care hospital for a period of 1 year were included in this hospital based cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods: The type, extent, and distribution of the pigmentation was noted and tabulated in all patients. All patients were explained about Skindex-16 questionnaire and asked to complete it. Statistical Analysis Used: Student t-test (two tailed, independent) was used to find the significance of study parameters on continuous scale between two groups. Chi-square/Fisher Exact test was used to find the significance of study parameters on categorical scale between two or more groups. Correlation was performed using Spearman corrélation. Results: The total number of cases studied was 238 of which 186 (78.2%) were females and 52 (21.8%) were males. The most common diagnosis was melasma seen in 73% of cases. Other conditions noted were phototanning (5.8%), post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (5.8%), Lichen planus pigmentosus (4.2%), freckles (3.7%), and Nevus of Ota (1.6%). Skindex-16 score against different grades of pigmentation showed that the mean Skindex-16 score was higher in severe cases but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: The extent and severity of facial pigmentation and the decrease in the QoL are not proportional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Raveendra
- Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Kambipura, Kengeri Hobli, Mysore Road, Karnataka, India
| | - Harsha Sidappa
- CUTIS Academy of Cutaneous Sciences, 5/1, 4th Main, MRCR Layout, Vijaynagar, Magadi Main Rd, Govindaraja Nagar Ward, MC Layout, Vijayanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sapna Shree
- Essential Hospital, 42, Outer Ring Road, Marilingappa Extension, Nagarbhavi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Prabhu D, Ravikumar P. Novel user‐friendly night care spray to manage skin darkening. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:1439-1446. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sawant O, Khan T. Management of periorbital hyperpigmentation: An overview of nature-based agents and alternative approaches. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13717. [PMID: 32472659 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH) is a common dermatological condition that presents as dark periorbital area beneath the lower eyelids, and it is commonly found in females belonging to the age group of 16 to 45 years. The data presented in this review include studies conducted on patients with a clinical/histological diagnosis of POH or melasma. Many diverse topical depigmenting agents comprising an array of naturally obtained actives such as arabinoxylans, α-arbutin, asiaticoside, azelaic acid, beta-carotene, boswellic acid, caffeine, chrysin, curcumin, cyanidin-3-glucoside, d-glucoronic acid, dihydrochalcone, dipalmitoyl-hydroxyprolene, fucoxanthin, genistein, glabridin, b-glucogallin, hyaluronic acid, lactic acid, lycopene, niacinamide, pycnogenol, retinol, salidroside, and xymenynic acid demonstrated significant benefits in the management of POH. An exhaustive literature search revealed that other techniques such as blepharoplasty, carboxytherapy, calcium hydroxylapatite fillers, tear trough implant, Q-switched ruby laser, medicated tattoo, fat transfer, micro-needling, chemical peels, nitrogen plasma skin regeneration, intense pulsed light, and radiofrequency have been evaluated and reported to be beneficial in the treatment of POH. The use of topical depigmenting agents is the most widely reported method in the clinical management of POH. Of these, α-arbutin, caffeine, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and dihydrochalcone are reported to exhibit significant benefits. Combination products containing a blend of actives are reported to be better than single active containing products. This review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the role of several topical actives in the modulation of melanin and tyrosinase biosynthesis pathway involved in the complex pathophysiology of POH. It also presents the advantages of combination products and other alternative therapies used in the management of POH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Sawant
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Motwani MS, Khan K, Pai A, Joshi R. Efficacy of a collagen hydrolysate and antioxidants-containing nutraceutical on metrics of skin health in Indian women. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:3371-3382. [PMID: 32424986 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin's aging process involves a decreased biosynthesis of extracellular matrix proteins (predominantly collagen) compounded by damage from environmental and intrinsic stressors. The Indian population is susceptible to skin damage given its geography and increasing urbanization or a genetic disposition. Previous studies have investigated nutrients such as collagen peptides, vitamins and phytonutrient-rich botanical extracts for their individual benefits on skin. AIMS This study examined the collective effect of a proprietary blend of these nutrients (in Nutrova Collagen+Antioxidants; NCA) on skin parameters, which has not been previously studied, especially in an Indian context. PATIENTS/METHODS 34 healthy, Indian women (mean age = 39.5 years) were given a placebo daily for 30 days to establish a baseline, followed by NCA for two intervals of 30 days. 3D image reconstruction allowed the analysis of skin topography and blemishes. Instrumental measurements also included skin firmness, elasticity, hydration, and transepidermal water loss. Clinical evaluation was used to grade blemishes, wrinkles and periorbital hyperpigmentation. RESULTS Based on instrumental evaluation, NCA significantly reduced wrinkle width, open pores, skin roughness, and the colour of hyperpigmented blemishes, while improving skin hydration, firmness and barrier function from baseline to Day 30 and Day 60. NCA also increased elasticity at Day 30. Clinical evaluation showed that periorbital hyperpigmentation and wrinkles reduced significantly. CONCLUSION NCA is effective for improving overall skin health in Indian women. These results show that targeted nutrient supplementation can improve skin health and further research over extended durations is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaynat Khan
- Axys Nutrition Products Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Akshay Pai
- Axys Nutrition Products Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Rajiv Joshi
- CLAIMS Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India.,P. D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Husada D, Kusdwijono, Puspitasari D, Kartina L, Basuki PS, Ismoedijanto. An evaluation of the clinical features of measles virus infection for diagnosis in children within a limited resources setting. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:5. [PMID: 31906914 PMCID: PMC6943953 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-1908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measles is a recurrent health problem in both advanced and developed countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends anti-measles immunoglobulin M (Ig M) as the standard method of detecting the virus; however, many areas still present the inability to perform a serology test of anti-measles IgM. Therefore, a typical clinical feature is necessary to establish the diagnosis of measles. The objective of this study was to evaluate hyperpigmented rash and other clinical features as the diagnostic tools with respect to measles, especially in an outbreak setting. METHODS In this observational diagnostic study, the inclusion criteria were as follows: between 6 and 144 months of age, fever, maculopapular rash for 3 days or more, accompanied by a cough, or coryza, or conjunctivitis. Those with a prior history of measles vaccination (1-6 weeks) were excluded, in addition to those with histories of corticosteroid for 2 weeks or more and immunocompromised conditions. The samples were taken from Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive value, and the negative predictive value of such clinical features. Hyperpigmented rash was validated using Kappa and Mc Nemar tests. Anti-measles Ig M was considered as the gold standard. RESULTS This study gathered 82 participants. The clinical manifestations of all subjects included fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots, and maculopapular rash (which turns into hyperpigmented rash along the course of the illness). Most maculopapular rashes turn out to be hyperpigmented (89%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of the combination of fever, maculopapular rash, and hyperpigmented rash were found to be at 90.7, 28.6, 93.2, and 22.2%, respectively. The Mc Nemar and Kappa tests showed p values of 0.774 and 0.119, respectively. CONCLUSION The combination of fever, maculopapular rash, and hyperpigmented rash can be used as a screening tool regarding measles infection in an outbreak setting, which can then be confirmed by anti-measles Ig M. Cough, coryza, and Koplik's spot can be added to this combination, albeit with a slight reduction of sensitivity value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominicus Husada
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga / Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, 60286 Indonesia
| | - Kusdwijono
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga / Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, 60286 Indonesia
| | - Dwiyanti Puspitasari
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga / Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, 60286 Indonesia
| | - Leny Kartina
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga / Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, 60286 Indonesia
| | - Parwati Setiono Basuki
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga / Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, 60286 Indonesia
| | - Ismoedijanto
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga / Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, 60286 Indonesia
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Zolghadri S, Bahrami A, Hassan Khan MT, Munoz-Munoz J, Garcia-Molina F, Garcia-Canovas F, Saboury AA. A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:279-309. [PMID: 30734608 PMCID: PMC6327992 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1545767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multi-copper enzyme which is widely distributed in different organisms and plays an important role in the melanogenesis and enzymatic browning. Therefore, its inhibitors can be attractive in cosmetics and medicinal industries as depigmentation agents and also in food and agriculture industries as antibrowning compounds. For this purpose, many natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic inhibitors have been developed by different screening methods to date. This review has focused on the tyrosinase inhibitors discovered from all sources and biochemically characterised in the last four decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Asieh Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - J. Munoz-Munoz
- Group of Microbiology, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - F. Garcia-Molina
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - F. Garcia-Canovas
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Shah S, Chew SK. Efficacy and safety of topical depigmenting agent in healthy human fair skin female volunteers: A single-arm study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2017; 17:830-839. [PMID: 29193788 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin hyperpigmentation is the darkening of skin due to the increased production of melanin in the body. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a botanical-based Rosa E pigmentation serum in healthy fair skin female volunteers with wrinkles, skin tone, and pigmentation. METHODS This was a single-arm, open label study conducted in healthy Indian females; 18 subjects aged 30-55, having fair Caucasian-like skin with at least 2 dark skin pigments with facial wrinkles diagnosed by dermatologist were selected. Rosa E pigmentation serum was applied twice a day for 84 days. Effect was evaluated by (i) instrumental technique (spectrophotometer® 2600D), (ii) clinically by dermatologist regarding product efficacy (skin tone, antiwrinkle, pigmentation), and (iii) volunteers self-evaluation. RESULTS The L* value of spectrophotometer reading represents lightness in the skin pigment. Reduction in the pigment was reported from day 14, with significant reductions observed till day 84 compared with baseline. Significant (P < .0001) skin pigmentation lightening was seen on day 14 (1.11) vastly improving on day 84 (1.94) based on photographic assessments. The significant reduction in skin pigment was 76.85%, Felix von Luschan skin color score was 30.24% (P < .0001) with a 7.38-fold reduction in skin tone and 57% reduction in facial wrinkles at day 84 from baseline. CONCLUSIONS Rosa E pigmentation serum was found safe and effective in significant reduction in skin pigments, improvement of skin tone, and antiwrinkle properties instrumentally, clinically, and self-evaluation by volunteers. In these evaluations, best results were seen the longer the Rosa E was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shah
- Saurabh Shah, Advanced Skin & Hair Care Clinic, Hinduja College, Behind Saifee Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Soon-Keong Chew
- Maxwell Pharma Sdn Bhd, Zenith Corporate Park, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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