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Gadain Hassan HA. Computer Vision Syndrome Among Medical Students at the University of Khartoum, Sudan: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Cureus 2023; 15:e38762. [PMID: 37303411 PMCID: PMC10249515 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Regular continuous uninterrupted use of electronic devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and computers, can result in a spectrum of vision-related symptoms known as computer vision syndrome. Students today can readily access information and books on their smartphones and computers, which reduces their reliance on printed texts. Numerous muscle-related and ocular complaints could arise from this. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome symptoms among medical students at the University of Khartoum and to identify its contributing factors. The secondary objective was to evaluate practices and knowledge related to computer vision syndrome prevention. Methods This study is a facility-based cross-sectional observation aimed at describing medical students' characteristics at the University of Khartoum. The sampling strategy employed was stratified random sampling, and a structured online questionnaire was used to collect the data. A total of 149 students completed the self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on sociodemographic data, validated symptoms of computer vision syndrome, and factors associated with the syndrome's development. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.), simple descriptive statistics were calculated, and odds ratios and Pearson's chi-square test were employed to examine and quantify the association between variables. Results Of the 149 participants, 58.4% were female, while males made up 41.6% of the study sample. The prevalence of computer vision syndrome has been found to be 94%, and 72.4% of the students reported experiencing at least three symptoms of computer vision syndrome. Neck and shoulder pain was the most commonly reported symptom (78.5%), followed by headache (70.5%), while the least reported symptom was eye redness (36.2%). The majority of students (81.2%) used electronic devices for five or more hours a day, and the most common posture while using electronic devices was lying down, as reported by 54.4% of the students. A total of 68% of the medical students in this study reported keeping a distance that was shorter than the suggested 40 centimeters from the screen, and only 18.1% were aware of the 20-20-20 rule (every 20 minutes look at an object 20 feet away for 20 seconds). The seating position has been found to be significantly associated with the number of symptoms experienced (p=0.012); sitting with a bent back was 4.6 times more likely to cause more than three symptoms when compared to sitting upright with a straight back (OR=4.643; 95% CI: 1.63-13.21; p=0.004). Conclusion There was a very high prevalence of computer vision syndrome among medical students at the University of Khartoum. Most students had poor awareness and bad practices regarding the safe use of electronic devices. Awareness campaigns to encourage good practices and enable the safe use of computers and other digital devices are strongly recommended.
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Sharma N, Martin E, Pearce EI, Hagan S, Purslow C. Demodex Blepharitis: A Survey-Based Approach to Investigate Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Optometrists in India. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2023; 15:55-64. [PMID: 37069856 PMCID: PMC10105579 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s403837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practice towards Demodex blepharitis among optometrists in India. METHODS The study was conducted in the form of an online survey using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). The survey link was distributed via direct e-mail and social media platforms, and it was comprised of 20 questions divided into two sections. The first section focused on the practitioners' demographics and their views on the general health of the eyelid. The second section of the survey was specific and aimed at obtaining information on identifying and treating Demodex blepharitis, and was only completed by those respondents who looked for Demodex mites. RESULTS The survey was completed by 174 optometrists. The prevalence of blepharitis in the general population was judged by the respondents to be 40%, whereas the prevalence of Demodex mites was estimated to be 29%. Interestingly, the prevalence of Demodex mites in people with blepharitis was estimated to be 30%. This estimated prevalence was substantially lower than that reported in the literature on the subject. 66% of participants believed Demodex mites to be a significant cause of ocular discomfort, whereas only 30% of participants would intervene to diagnose and manage Demodex blepharitis in their patients. Optometrists differed in their preferred method of diagnosis and management of Demodex infestation in eyelids. CONCLUSION The result of this survey suggests that Demodex blepharitis is a highly under-diagnosed condition in India, with nearly 30% of surveyed optometrists managing this condition. The study also observed a lack of awareness and consensus among surveyed optometrists with regards to diagnosis and appropriate treatment methods to control Demodex infestation in eyelids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Sharma
- Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Eilidh Martin
- Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Edward Ian Pearce
- Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Suzanne Hagan
- Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Christine Purslow
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Bhattacharya S, Heidler P, Saleem SM, Marzo RR. Let There Be Light-Digital Eye Strain (DES) in Children as a Shadow Pandemic in the Era of COVID-19: A Mini Review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:945082. [PMID: 36033797 PMCID: PMC9403324 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.945082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Digital eye strain, which is often ignored by the public, has emerged as a "Shadow Pandemic" in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim The current paper is aimed at discussing the ill effect of digital screens on eyes in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology A literature search was done using "PubMed," "Google scholar", and "Scopus" using key terms like "Digital Eye Strain," "Eyestrain," or "Computer Vision Syndrome." Relevant articles were identified and included to support the argument for this narrative review. Results Studies conducted in the UK reported that 68% of children extensively use computers, while 54% undertake online activities after the age of 3. Similar studies estimated 4 h and 45 min per day of screen exposure time among adults in the UK. Indian studies reveal that the prevalence of DES is 69% in adults and 50% in children respectively. Indian ophthalmologists found that computer-using and specialized ophthalmologists were more informed of symptoms and diagnostic signs but were misinformed about treatment modalities. The use of social media and multitasking is particularly prominent among younger adults, with 87% of individuals aged 20-29 years reporting the use of two or more digital devices simultaneously. It has been observed that the use of computer glasses corrects refractive errors and helps in the reduction of symptoms, while precision spectral filters help in reducing symptoms of micro-fluctuation of accommodation. Conclusion We concluded that DES is emerging globally as a "Shadow Pandemic" and it is high time to respond. Community ophthalmologists, public health authorities, and educational sectors especially should be involved to prevent this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Bhattacharya
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurai, India,*Correspondence: Sudip Bhattacharya
| | - Petra Heidler
- Department for Economy and Health, University for Continuing Education Krems, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria,Department of Health Sciences, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria,Petra Heidler
| | | | - Roy Rillera Marzo
- Department of Community Medicine, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia,Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Das A, Shah S, Adhikari TB, Paudel BS, Sah SK, Das RK, Shah CP, Adhikari PG. Computer vision syndrome, musculoskeletal, and stress-related problems among visual display terminal users in Nepal. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268356. [PMID: 35853006 PMCID: PMC9295968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of computers and other Visual Display Terminal (VDT) screens is increasing in Nepal. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) and other occupational health concerns among employees working in front of VDT screens in the Nepalese population. Objectives This study aims to estimate the prevalence of CVS, musculoskeletal and work-related stress among VDT screen users in the office, as well as their understanding and usage of preventive measures. Methods The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study among 319 VDT users in office settings in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal, using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the associated factors at 95% CI. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The prevalence of CVS was 89.4%. More than eight out of ten study participants reported at least one visual and musculoskeletal symptom. Work-related stress, which was moderate-difficult to handle, was present in 36.7% of the study population. The mean±SD computer usage per day was 7.9±1.9 hours. Tired eye (63.3%), feeling of dry eye (57.8%), headache (56.9%) were the common visual symptoms of CVS reported. Total computer use/day > = 8 hours OR 2.6, improper viewing distance OR 3.2, Not using an anti-glare screen OR 2.6, not using eye-drops, and not wearing protective goggles OR 3.1 were significantly associated with the presence of CVS. There was no statistically significant association between visual symptoms of CVS, musculoskeletal symptoms, and stress with gender. Conclusion CVS was substantially related to not employing preventive measures, working longer hours, and having an incorrect viewing distance. With more hours per day spent in front of a VDT screen, work-related stress and musculoskeletal complaints were also found to be important correlates. Similarly, work-related stress was found more among those who had less than five years of job.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Das
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Nepal
| | - Sangam Shah
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Nepal
- * E-mail:
| | - Tara Ballav Adhikari
- Department of Public Health, Section for Global Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Chiranjiwi Prasad Shah
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Nepal
| | - Pragati Gautam Adhikari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Nepal
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Tesfaye AH, Alemayehu M, Abere G, Mekonnen TH. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Computer Vision Syndrome Among Academic Staff in the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221111865. [PMID: 35846168 PMCID: PMC9280790 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is the leading occupational hazard of the 21st century, which causes the critical public health issues in the present era. In developing countries, including Ethiopia, data on the proportion and the causes of CVS are scarce among academic staff for policy conclusions. Accordingly, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and factors associated with CVS among academic staff at the University of Gondar. METHODS Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March to April, 2021. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 525 study participants. Data were collected using a pre-tested self-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were then entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA version 14 software. The association between dependent and independent variables was computed with a binary logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of CVS was found to be 78.8% out of a total of 500 participants [95% CI (74.95, 82.30)], of which the majority (71.60%) of them were males. Using a computer for more than 9 years [AOR = 1.65, 95% CI (1.01, 2.71)], using visual display terminals [AOR = 2.63, 95% CI (1.60, 4.32)], and working in improper illumination levels (300 and >500 lux) [AOR = 2.47, 95% CI (1.47, 4.33)] increased the risk of CVS, whereas, Using eye droplets [AOR = 0.30, 95% CI (0.15, 0.58)] and taking rest breaks [AOR = 0.55, 95% CI (0.34-0.92)] were protective factors. CONCLUSION This study disclosed that CVS was common among academicians. In the current study, the manifestation of CVS was affected by years of computer use, visual display terminals use, workplace illumination level, rest breaks, and eye droplets. Taking rest breaks in between the work, reducing exposure to display screens, use of eye drops, and optimizing workplace illumination levels are recommended to reduce the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O.Box: 196, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Basnet A, Pathak SB, Marasini A, Pandit R, Pradhan A. Digital Eye Strain among Adults Presenting to Tertiary Care Hospital in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2022; 60:22-25. [PMID: 35199672 PMCID: PMC9157675 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.7092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has sent humanity indoors, replacing human contact with an electronic connection. The mandatory online classes and work from home policy to maintain the social distancing during the pandemic has forced the individual to spend most of the time in front of laptops or mobile screens. Digital eye strain is a group of vision-related symptoms that result from the continuous use of devices with digital displays, such as computers, tablets, and smartphones. The present study is done to find out the prevalence of digital eye strain among the adult population in a tertiary care hospital in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was done from January 2021 to July 2021 in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Registration number: 077/78/30). Convenience sampling was done. The sample size calculated in our study was 322. Data collection and entry were done in Microsoft Excel, point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. RESULTS The prevalence of digital eye strain was 300 (94.3%) (91.8-96.8 at 95% Confidence Interval) among 318 respondents. Eye strain (irritation, heaviness) was the most common digital eye strain symptom 199 (62.6%) followed by the tiredness of eyes 162 (50.9%). CONCLUSIONS The present study concluded that the prevalence of digital eye strain in the era of COVID-19 is high as compared to other studies conducted among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjila Basnet
- Department of Ophthalmology, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Samyam Bickram Pathak
- Department of Ophthalmology, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Anurag Marasini
- Department of Ophthalmology, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Rohit Pandit
- Department of Ophthalmology, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Amita Pradhan
- Community Dentistry, People's Dental College and Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome and Associated Factors among Instructors in Ethiopian Universities: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:3384332. [PMID: 34650344 PMCID: PMC8510801 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3384332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this globalized and high-tech era, the computer has become an integral part of daily life. A constant use of computer for 3 hours and more per day can cause computer vision syndrome (CVS), which is one of the leading occupational hazards of the 21st century. The visual difficulties are the most common health problems associated with excessive computer use. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of CVS among instructors working in Ethiopian universities. Methods A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 university instructors in Ethiopia from February 02 to March 24, 2021. A structured and self-administered questionnaire prepared by Google Forms was shared among instructors through their e-mail addresses, Facebook, and Telegram accounts. Data cleanup and cross-checking were done before analysis using SPSS version 23. A multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with CVS using p value <0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results Of the total 416 participants, about 293 (70.4%) were reported to have CVS (95% CI: 65.9–74.5%), of which 54.6% were aged 24–33 years. Blurred vision, pain in and around the eye, and eye redness were the main symptoms reported. Working in third-established universities (AOR = 8.44, 95% CI: 5.47–21.45), being female (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.28–5.64), being 44 years old and above (AOR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.31–5.70), frequently working on the computer (AOR = 5.51, 95% CI: 2.05–14.81), and sitting in bent back position (AOR = 8.10, 95% CI: 2.42–23.45) were the factors associated with computer vision syndrome. Conclusions In this study, nearly seven-tenths of instructors in Ethiopian universities reported having symptoms of computer vision syndrome. Working in third-generation universities, being female, age, frequently working on the computer, and sitting in bent back position were statistically significant predictors in computer vision syndrome. Therefore, optimizing exposure time, addressing ergonomic hazards associated with computer usage through on-the-job and off-the-job training, and making the safety guidelines accessible for all university instructors would be critical to address the problem.
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Gupta R, Chauhan L, Varshney A. Impact of E-Schooling on Digital Eye Strain in Coronavirus Disease Era: A Survey of 654 Students. J Curr Ophthalmol 2021; 33:158-164. [PMID: 34409226 PMCID: PMC8365579 DOI: 10.4103/joco.joco_89_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess digital eye strain (DES) among schoolchildren during lockdown. Methods: An online questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted. A validated, self-administered, electronic questionnaire was circulated among students of 5–18 years of age. The duration of data collection was from May 18, 2020 to May 24, 2020. Rasch-based Computer-Vision Symptom Scale was deployed to measure the DES. Results: A total of 654 students (mean age: 12.02 ± 3.9 years) completed the survey. The average per day digital device exposure was 5.2 ± 2.2 h. A total of 507 (92.8%) children reported experiencing at least one asthenopic/dry eye symptom (AS/DS). The most prevalent symptoms were eye redness (69.1%) and heaviness of eyelids (79.7%). Significant positive correlation was reported between age and per day duration of digital device exposure (Pearson correlation 0.25; P < 0.001). Computer vision syndrome (CVS) score for spectacle users was significantly higher (P < 0.001). CVS score was found to correlate significantly with age and duration of digital device exposure (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Most of the students surveyed, experienced at least one symptom of DS or AS, indicating a need to educate them about the possible deleterious effects and help them adapt to the currently evolving education system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gupta
- Department of Glaucoma, CL Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lokesh Chauhan
- Department of Clinical and Public Health Research, CL Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Varshney
- Department of Vitreoretina, CL Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zayed HAM, Saied SM, Younis EA, Atlam SA. Digital eye strain: prevalence and associated factors among information technology professionals, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25187-25195. [PMID: 33454863 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Digital eye strain (DES) is a growing occupational and public health problem and one of the most frequent reasons for seeking medical care. The objectives of this study are to identify the prevalence and to study some associated personal, ergonomic, and environmental factors of DES among information technology (IT) professionals at Tanta University, Egypt. An interview questionnaire was used to collect data related to socio-demographic, job, ergonomic and environmental characteristics. Computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVS-Q) was used for the assessment of DES. It was used to measure ocular and visual symptoms related to computer use. CVS-Q includes 16 symptoms that are scored using two rating scales, one for frequency and the other for intensity. A total of 108 IT professionals were included. Prevalence of DES was 82.41%. The most common symptoms were headache (81.5%), burning of the eye (75.9%), and blurred vision (70.4%). Significant predictors of DES were female gender (OR = 2.845), age ≥ 35 years (OR = 1.112), daily computer use more than 6 h (OR = 1.351), duration of work more than 10 years (OR = 1.793), wearing corrective glasses (OR = 5.009), distance from the monitor less than 20 in. (OR = 4.389), not using antiglare screen (OR = 0.214), no brightness adjustment of screen (OR = 0.015), not taking break time during computer work (OR = 0.007), exposure to air pollution (OR = 5.667), use of the air conditioner (OR = 23.021), and exposure to windy environments (OR = 3.588). Prevalence of DES was found to be high among IT professionals. Significant predictors of DES were female gender, older age, wearing eyeglasses, long duration of computer use, unadjusted ergonomic workstation, and dry environment. DES is a problem that can be prevented by increasing knowledge and awareness about DES by providing computer users with eye health education, periodic training on a proper ergonomic computer workstation, and adjustment of the suitable comfortable workplace environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shimaa M Saied
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman Ali Younis
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Salwa A Atlam
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Rajendraprasad RM, Kwatra G, Batra N. Carboxymethyl Cellulose versus Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Tear Substitutes for Dry Eye Due to Computer Vision Syndrome: Comparison of Efficacy and Safety. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2021; 11:4-8. [PMID: 33842288 PMCID: PMC8025960 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_399_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prolonged use of visual display terminal images on electronic devices such as computers frequently leads to symptoms of dry eye. Tear substitutes form the mainstay of treatment for mild-to-moderate dry eye. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) versus hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) tear substitutes for dry eye due to computer vision syndrome (CVS). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, comparative, and open-labeled study. The efficacy of CMC 0.5% and HPMC 0.3% tear substitutes was compared in 180 participants (90 in each group) with dry eye. Change in Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, Schirmer I test score, and tear film break up time (TF-BUT) were used as efficacy parameters. Safety was monitored on all visits. Results: The baseline OSDI score? 23.48 and 23.32 in Group A and B, respectively, decreased with treatment in both groups on all follow-up visits as compared to the baseline (day 90: 13.9 ± 3 vs. 14.81 ± 3.17, P: 0.01). The scores of Schirmer I test increased in both groups, with a greater improvement in Group A (at day 90: 22.75 ± 3.04 mm vs. 21.78 ± 3.36 mm, P: 0.04). The values of TF-BUT improved in both groups, the difference being statistically insignificant. An initial stinging was reported by one participant, each in both groups. Conclusion: CMC and HPMC tear substitutes were equally efficacious and safe in reducing symptoms of dry eye due to CVS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gagandeep Kwatra
- Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin Batra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Boadi-Kusi SB, Adueming POW, Hammond FA, Antiri EO. Computer vision syndrome and its associated ergonomic factors among bank workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:1219-1226. [PMID: 33648427 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1897260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of ergonomic factors associated with computer vision syndrome (CVS), and knowledge and practices of computer usage among bank workers in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. Methods. A comprehensive eye examination was performed for 139 bankers in the Cape Coast Metropolis. Measurements of ergonomic practices at workstations were carried out and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic data, symptoms of CVS and associated factors as well as knowledge, attitudes and practices of the bankers on CVS. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were carried out to compute the different proportions and relevant associations. Results. Headaches (73.4%), eyestrain (65.5%) and itching (63.3%) were the most common reported symptoms. The prevalence of CVS in the study population was 71.2% with a high level of poor ergonomic practices (78.4%) at computer workstations. With regard to knowledge, attitudes and practices of the participants on CVS, 68.3% of the participants had low levels of knowledge on CVS, while 90.6% had negative attitudes towards CVS and 46.0% of the participants had poor practices. Conclusion. Bankers had a high prevalence of CVS. Ergonomic practices, females and computer usage were all associated significantly with the presence of CVS.
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Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Home-isolation and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic caused increased use of digital devices, posing a greater risk of developing digital eye strain-related symptoms. Eye-care professionals should educate patients about limiting screen time and managing digital eye strain symptoms. BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 isolation's impact on digital device use by comparing hours spent on digital devices before and during the 24-hour curfew in Saudi Arabia, while assessing the symptoms associated with digital eye strain. METHODS A self-reported questionnaire was used to compare the total hours per day, either continuous or intermittent, spent on digital devices during and before curfew, and the association of these durations with digital eye strain. RESULTS A total of 1,939 participants, (mean ± SD: 33 ± 12.2 years and 72% women) were recruited. Results showed a significant difference between usage duration before and during curfew. Digital eye strain incidence was 78% during the curfew. Chi-squared analysis indicated most symptoms are associated with usage duration and employment status. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between digital eye strain and the following factors: using more than one device (odds ratio 1.208, 95% confidence interval: 1.068-1.3661), age, optical correction, employment status, gender, using rewetting drops, and usage duration. CONCLUSIONS In this population, prolonged use of digital devices significantly increased during home-isolation. Digital eye strain incidence increased during curfew. Regular eye exams should be encouraged to ensure the use of optimum prescription use and meet the specific visual demands required for the use of digital devices. Eye-health strategies and awareness campaigns should be employed on the importance of regular eye exams, decreasing screen time, practising the 20-20-20 rule, and the use of rewetting drops to help reduce the symptoms of digital eye strain during this period.
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Gammoh Y. Digital Eye Strain and Its Risk Factors Among a University Student Population in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e13575. [PMID: 33815983 PMCID: PMC8007199 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several ocular and visual symptoms resulting from use of digital devices are collectively known as digital eye strain (DES) or computer vision syndrome (CVS). Few studies exist on the prevalence of DES among young adults in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of digital eye strain among a university student population in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with students enrolled at Al-Ahliyya Amman University in Jordan. DES was evaluated using the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q), which was filled out by students who were approached at random and signed an informed consent to participate in the study. Information related to the type, intensity of usage, settings of digital device (DD) used, and post-device use student-reported physical complaints were recorded. Results: Data from 382 students were analyzed. Prevalence of CVS was 94.5%, with tearing being the most prevalent symptom (59%), while double vision was least reported by students (18.3%). DD use for more than six hours per day was reported by 55.5% of the sample size, and 30.7% of the students reported pain in joints of fingers and wrists after using a mobile phone. Conclusion: CVS is highly prevalent among university students in Jordan. With the increased dependence on online education due to coronavirus disease, safe habits in digital device use are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Gammoh
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Optometry Science, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, JOR
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Maher T, Khan MI, Azzam N. A cross-sectional study on the use of near-visual display devices in the Middle-Eastern children population. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2021; 35:102-107. [PMID: 35391808 PMCID: PMC8982948 DOI: 10.4103/1319-4534.337850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Alghamdi WM, Alrasheed SH. Impact of an educational intervention using the 20/20/20 rule on Computer Vision Syndrome. AFRICAN VISION AND EYE HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v79i1.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Global estimates suggest that nearly 60 million people suffer from Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS).Aim: The goal of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention using the 20/20/20 rule to reduce CVS symptoms.Setting: The study was conducted in the Qassim University eye clinic.Methods: An experiential intervention study was conducted amongst 40 patients with CVS, with their age ranging from 21 to 38 years. The sample was divided into two groups: (1) intervention patients (n = 20), who were given a structured advice booklet about how to reduce CVS symptoms using the 20/20/20 rule, and (2) control (n = 20) with CVS, who were given advice to simply drink more water. Both groups completed two questionnaires, namely, the CVS-Q and Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 (DEQ-5). Dry eye clinical tests were performed. The same procedures were repeated after 20 days to compare the outcomes before and after intervention.Results: The study findings revealed that patients complaining from dry eye symptoms showed significant changes after the educational intervention (pre-intervention: 9.05 ± 4.32; post-intervention: 7.10 ± 3.61) (p = 0.04). The symptoms of CVS were slightly reduced after educational intervention, from 9.00 ± 3.03 to 8.35 ± 1.89 (p = 0.38). However, TBUT showed a significant increase after the educational intervention (pre-intervention: 6.20 ± 2.02 s; post-intervention: 8.55 ± 2.84 s) (p = 0.005).Conclusion: The educational intervention of the 20/20/20 rule induces significant changes in dry eye symptoms and tear film and some limited changes for ocular surface integrity.
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Knowledge about Computer Vision Syndrome among Bank Workers in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia. Occup Ther Int 2020; 2020:2561703. [PMID: 32372891 PMCID: PMC7195649 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2561703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, computer vision syndrome is the most common eye problem which is associated with prolonged exposure to a computer. It has a great socioeconomic impact on the users due to its effect on job performance. Recently, many people in the world, including our country Ethiopia, especially bank workers, are spending most of their time in front of a computer screen to facilitate their work. Since it is assumed that knowledge is pertinent to prevent computer vision syndrome, this study was aimed at assessing the understanding of bank workers towards computer vision syndrome. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 248 bank workers. The study participants were selected by using a simple random sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from the bank workers. The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 21 software. Results A total of 248 bank workers completed the questionnaire fully, which was a response rate of 93.5% (n = 234). Among them, 155 (66.20%) were males and the majority of the respondents were in the age group of 20-39 years (223, 95.3%). The study revealed that from 234 respondents, 211 (90.20%) were aware of computer vision syndrome, while 26.9% of them had a good knowledge about the disorder. Majority of the respondents (40, 17.1%) cited mass media as a source of information. Conclusion Even though the majority of computer-using bank workers heard of computer vision syndrome, it was recognized that only a small portion of the participants had good knowledge.
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Ichhpujani P, Singh RB, Foulsham W, Thakur S, Lamba AS. Visual implications of digital device usage in school children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:76. [PMID: 30866885 PMCID: PMC6417240 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the use of digital devices, reading habits and the prevalence of eyestrain among urban Indian school children, aged 11-17 years. METHODS The study included 576 adolescents attending urban schools who were surveyed regarding their electronic device usage. Additional information on the factors that may have an effect on ocular symptoms was collected. RESULTS Twenty percent of students aged 11 in the study population use digital devices on a daily basis, in comparison with 50% of students aged 17. In addition to using these devices as homework aids, one third of study participants reported using digital devices for reading instead of conventional textbooks. The majority of students preferred sitting on a chair while reading (77%; 445 students), with only 21% (123 students) preferring to lie on the bed and 8 students alternating between chair and bed. There was a significant association between the students who preferred to lie down and those who experienced eyestrain, as reported by a little over one fourth of the student population (27%). Out of 576 students, 18% (103) experienced eyestrain at the end of the day after working on digital devices. CONCLUSIONS The increased use of digital devices by adolescents brings a new challenge of digital eyestrain at an early age. Our study reports the patterns of electronic device usage by school children, evaluates factors associated with eyestrain and highlights the need for further investigation of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Ichhpujani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - William Foulsham
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Sahil Thakur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amtoj Singh Lamba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India
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Patil A, Bhavya, Chaudhury S, Srivastava S. Eyeing computer vision syndrome: Awareness, knowledge, and its impact on sleep quality among medical students. Ind Psychiatry J 2019; 28:68-74. [PMID: 31879450 PMCID: PMC6929228 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_93_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer vision syndrome (CVS) encompasses a constellation of ocular and extraocular symptoms in computer users who either habitually or compulsively use computers for long periods of time. Electronic devices such as computers, smart phones, and tablets emit blue light (400-490 nm) from their light-emitting diodes and produce electromagnetic fields, both of which interfere with the circadian rhythm. AIM This study aims to assess the awareness, knowledge, and impact on sleep quality of CVS among medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 500 medical students. All participants anonymously filled up a pro forma including sociodemographic details and three questionnaires that (a) tested for awareness and knowledge about CVS, (b) tested for CVS, and (c) the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), respectively. Data from 463 complete questionnaires were analyzed. RESULTS The mean (±standard deviation) age of the 463 individuals was 19.55 (±1.04) years. The prevalence of CVS was 77.5%. The prevalence was higher in boys (80.23%) compared to girls (75.87%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Only 34.1% of the medical students were aware of CVS. Good knowledge regarding various aspects of CVS was observed in 22.46% individuals, while 53.99% and 23.56% had average and poor knowledge, respectively. Poor sleep quality was present in 75.49% of individuals with CVS compared to 50.96% of students without CVS; the difference was statistically significant (odd's ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.338 [0.214-0.531]). All the components of PSQI score, except components 1 and 6, had statistically significantly (P < 0.05) higher values in individuals with CVS as compared to individuals without CVS. CONCLUSIONS There is high prevalence but low level of awareness and knowledge about CVS among medical students. CVS is significantly associated with poor sleep quality in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Patil
- Department of Physiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhavya
- Department of Physiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suprakash Chaudhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Sun Y, Tsai PJ, Chu CL, Huang WC, Bee YS. Epidemiology of benign essential blepharospasm: A nationwide population-based retrospective study in Taiwan. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209558. [PMID: 30586395 PMCID: PMC6306223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This study provides a nationwide, population-based data on the incidence of benign essential blepharospasm in Asian adults. BACKGROUND To describe the incidence, patient demographics, and risk factors associated with benign essential blepharospasm. DESIGN Population-based retrospective study. PARTICIPANTS AND SAMPLES A total of 1325 patients with benign essential blepharospasm were identified. METHODS Patients with diagnosis of blepharopsasm between January 2000 and December 2013 were sampled using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. Secondary blepharospasm that may be related to neurological, trauma, and ocular surface disease were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURED Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios for potential risk factors of benign essential blepharospasm. RESULTS The mean annual incidence was 0.10‰ (0.07‰ for males, and 0.12‰ for females). The peak incidence was in the 50 to 59-year-old age group (0.19‰). People living in urban regions have more risk of developing blepharospasm comparing to people living in less urban regions (p <0.01). White-collar workers also have higher chance of having blepharospasm (p<0.001). Significant difference between control group and case group in hyperlipidemia (p <0.001), sleep disorders (p <0.001), mental disorders (depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder) (p <0.001), dry eye-related diseases (dry eye, Sjögren's syndrome) (p <0.001), Parkinson's disease (p <0.004), and rosacea (p <0.021) were also identified. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Higher level of urbanization, white-collar work, sleep disorders, mental health diseases, dry eye-related diseases, Parkinsonism, and rosacea are possible risk factors for benign essential blepharospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yng Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Kaohsiung Medical University of Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jhen Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Chun Huang
- Critical Care Center and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Youn-Shen Bee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Al Tawil L, Aldokhayel S, Zeitouni L, Qadoumi T, Hussein S, Ahamed SS. Prevalence of self-reported computer vision syndrome symptoms and its associated factors among university students. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 30:189-195. [DOI: 10.1177/1120672118815110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of symptoms of computer vision syndrome and to identify its associated factors. The secondary objective was to assess knowledge and practices related to preventing computer vision syndrome symptoms. Methods: The data for this cross-sectional study were collected through a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 713 female undergraduates studying business and medicine in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included computer vision syndrome validated symptoms and factors associated with computer vision syndrome development. Results: The most common symptom due to prolonged computer use was neck or shoulder pain, reported by 82.2% of the subjects. Overall, 66.5% of the subjects suffered from headache and 51.5% from dry eyes, in mild, moderate, or severe form. Business students were 1.6 times as likely as medical students to suffer from computer vision syndrome (odds ratio = 1.65; 95% confidence interval: 1.22, 2.24). The use of electronic devices for more than 5 h (odds ratio = 1.52; 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 2.16) was also associated with experiencing computer vision syndrome symptoms. Regarding computer vision syndrome prevention, factors such as hours of use, screen distance, screen brightness, and room illumination showed statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The prevalence of computer vision syndrome symptoms was significantly higher among business students, who reported lower awareness and poor practice measures of computer use recommendations. Relevant awareness campaigns focusing on the appropriate use of computers are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layan Al Tawil
- Medical Interns, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Aldokhayel
- Medical Interns, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena Zeitouni
- Medical Interns, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tala Qadoumi
- Medical Interns, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siham Hussein
- Medical Interns, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaik Shaffi Ahamed
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chang FC, Chiu CH, Chen PH, Miao NF, Chiang JT, Chuang HY. Computer/Mobile Device Screen Time of Children and Their Eye Care Behavior: The Roles of Risk Perception and Parenting. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2018; 21:179-186. [PMID: 29293374 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the computer/mobile device screen time and eye care behavior of children and examined the roles of risk perception and parental practices. Data were obtained from a sample of 2,454 child-parent dyads recruited from 30 primary schools in Taipei city and New Taipei city, Taiwan, in 2016. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from students and parents. Fifth-grade students spend more time on new media (computer/smartphone/tablet: 16 hours a week) than on traditional media (television: 10 hours a week). The average daily screen time (3.5 hours) for these children exceeded the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations (≤2 hours). Multivariate analysis results showed that after controlling for demographic factors, the parents with higher levels of risk perception and parental efficacy were more likely to mediate their child's eye care behavior. Children who reported lower academic performance, who were from non-intact families, reported lower levels of risk perception of mobile device use, had parents who spent more time using computers and mobile devices, and had lower levels of parental mediation were more likely to spend more time using computers and mobile devices; whereas children who reported higher academic performance, higher levels of risk perception, and higher levels of parental mediation were more likely to engage in higher levels of eye care behavior. Risk perception by children and parental practices are associated with the amount of screen time that children regularly engage in and their level of eye care behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Ching Chang
- 1 Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Hui Chiu
- 2 Graduate Institute of Information and Computer Education, National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hung Chen
- 3 Graduate Institute of Mass Communication, National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nae-Fang Miao
- 4 Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Tung Chiang
- 5 Department of Statistics, National Chengchi University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- 6 Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lertwisuttipaiboon S, Pumpaibool T, Neeser KJ, Kasetsuwan N. Effectiveness of a participatory eye care program in reducing eye strain among staff computer users in Thailand. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2017; 10:71-80. [PMID: 28546777 PMCID: PMC5436759 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s134940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased usage of computers results in a variety of health problems, particularly eye strain, which is the most common workplace complaint today. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a participatory eye care (PEC) program by comparing eye care knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP), as well as eye strain symptoms in staff computer users at Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand. METHODS A participatory approach was held by organizing a meeting of 26 stakeholders to get opinions for developing the PEC program. The developed PEC program consisted of 3-hour training course on eye strain, rest breaks for 30 seconds every 30 minutes of computer use, and 15-minute rest break (in the morning and the afternoon) with integrated eye-neck exercises. Then, a quasi-experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the PEC program. A total of 35 staff computer users enrolled in each of intervention and control groups for 8 weeks. Chi-square test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used for comparison of eye strain symptoms and the KAP scores. RESULTS The intervention was associated with reduction in percentage of eye strain. Significant differences were found between the intervention and the control groups at follow-up 1 (χ2=18.529, p-value <0.001) and follow-up 2 (χ2=18.651, p-value <0.001). The PEC program likely increased the beneficial effect on KAP scores between the groups and between times (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The findings currently provide evidence to support a practical program developed through a participatory approach, which both researchers and computer users could apply to reduce eye strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ngamjit Kasetsuwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Singh H, Tigga MJ, Laad S, Khan N. PREVENTION OF OCULAR MORBIDITY AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS BY PREVALENCE ASSESSMENT OF ASTHENOPIA AND ITS RISK FACTORS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.18410/jebmh/2016/122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shantakumari N, Eldeeb R, Sreedharan J, Gopal K. Computer use and vision-related problems among university students in ajman, United arab emirate. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:258-63. [PMID: 24761249 PMCID: PMC3991951 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.129058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The extensive use of computers as medium of teaching and learning in universities necessitates introspection into the extent of computer related health disorders among student population. Aim: This study was undertaken to assess the pattern of computer usage and related visual problems, among University students in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 Students studying in Gulf Medical University, Ajman and Ajman University of Science and Technology were recruited into this study. Demographic characteristics, pattern of usage of computers and associated visual symptoms were recorded in a validated self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to determine the significance of the observed differences between the variables. The level of statistical significance was at P < 0.05. The crude odds ratio (OR) was determined using simple binary logistic regression and adjusted OR was calculated using the multiple logistic regression. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.4 (3.2) years. The analysis of racial data reveals that 50% (236/471) students were from Middle East, 32% (151/471) from other parts of Asia, 11% (52/471) from Africa, 4% (19/471) from America and 3% (14/471) from Europe. The most common visual problems reported among computer users were headache - 53.3% (251/471), burning sensation in the eyes - 54.8% (258/471) and tired eyes - 48% (226/471). Female students were found to be at a higher risk. Nearly 72% of students reported frequent interruption of computer work. Headache caused interruption of work in 43.85% (110/168) of the students while tired eyes caused interruption of work in 43.5% (98/168) of the students. When the screen was viewed at distance more than 50 cm, the prevalence of headaches decreased by 38% (50-100 cm – OR: 0.62, 95% of the confidence interval [CI]: 0.42-0.92). Prevalence of tired eyes increased by 89% when screen filters were not used (OR: 1.894, 95% CI: 1.065-3.368). Conclusion: High prevalence of vision related problems was noted among university students. Sustained periods of close screen work without screen filters were found to be associated with occurrence of the symptoms and increased interruptions of work of the students. There is a need to increase the ergonomic awareness among students and corrective measures need to be implemented to reduce the impact of computer related vision problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shantakumari
- Department of Physiology, College of Allied Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - R Eldeeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Allied Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - J Sreedharan
- Statistical Support Facility, College of Allied Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - K Gopal
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
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Gosewade NB, Shende VS, Kashalikar SJ. Effect of Various Eye Exercise Techniques along with Pranayama on Visual Reaction Time: A Case Control Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:1870-3. [PMID: 24179885 PMCID: PMC3809624 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/6324.3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We depend on eyesight more than any other of our senses to maneuver through the space around us. In a fraction of a second, our eyes work with our brain to tell us the size, shape, colour, and texture of an object. Our eyes are body's most highly developed sensory organs. The use of computers and television in the era of information technology has given new heights to the professional success rate and it saves time but on the other hand, it has led to an increase in the number of patients with ocular complaints. AIMS The objective of the study was to study the effect of eye exercise techniques along with kapalbhati pranayama on Visual Reaction Time (VRT). MATERIAL & METHODS Total 60 subjects in an age group of 18-30 were recruited in the study. All the subjects were divided into two equal groups (study group and control group) containing 30 subjects (18 male & 12 female) each. Both the male and female subjects were selected on the basis of their voluntary involvement. Visual reaction time for red and green light was recorded from all 60 subjects before the start of the study. Study group subjects were trained to practice various eye exercise techniques and kapalbhati pranayama for 8 weeks regularly whereas control group were busy with their routine activities. After 8 weeks, visual reaction time was measured for red and green light from all 60 subjects. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data expressed as Mean ± S.D, Student t -test was applied for analysis of data, p value <0.05 is taken as statistically significant. RESULTS Statistical analysis of data shows that there is a significant decrease in the visual reaction time for red and green light after intervention in study group (p value <0.05). Whereas there is no significant decrease in VRT in control group (p value >0.05). CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that simple eye exercises along with pranayama helps in improvement of visual reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin B. Gosewade
- Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, CM Medical CollegeDurg, India
| | - Vinod S. Shende
- Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, MGIMS Sewagram, District Wardha, Maharashtra 442402, India
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Bhanderi DJ, Choudhary S, Doshi VG. A community-based study of asthenopia in computer operators. Indian J Ophthalmol 2008; 56:51-5. [PMID: 18158404 PMCID: PMC2636037 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.37596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT There is growing body of evidence that use of computers can adversely affect the visual health. Considering the rising number of computer users in India, computer-related asthenopia might take an epidemic form. In view of that, this study was undertaken to find out the magnitude of asthenopia in computer operators and its relationship with various personal and workplace factors. AIMS To study the prevalence of asthenopia among computer operators and its association with various epidemiological factors. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Community-based cross-sectional study of 419 subjects who work on computer for varying period of time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundred forty computer operators working in different institutes were selected randomly. Twenty-one did not participate in the study, making the nonresponse rate 4.8%. Rest of the subjects (n = 419) were asked to fill a pre-tested questionnaire, after obtaining their verbal consent. Other relevant information was obtained by personal interview and inspection of workstation. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Simple proportions and Chi-square test. RESULTS Among the 419 subjects studied, 194 (46.3%) suffered from asthenopia during or after work on computer. Marginally higher proportion of asthenopia was noted in females compared to males. Occurrence of asthenopia was significantly associated with age of starting use of computer, presence of refractive error, viewing distance, level of top of the computer screen with respect to eyes, use of antiglare screen and adjustment of contrast and brightness of monitor screen. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of asthenopia was noted to be quite high among computer operators, particularly in those who started its use at an early age. Individual as well as work-related factors were found to be predictive of asthenopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh J Bhanderi
- Department of Community Medicine, PS Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India.
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