1
|
Maqbool M, Fekadu G, Jiang X, Bekele F, Tolossa T, Turi E, Fetensa G, Fanta K. An up to date on clinical prospects and management of osteoarthritis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 72:103077. [PMID: 34868573 PMCID: PMC8626656 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) in the general population has necessitated the development of novel treatment options. It is critical to recognize the joint as a separate entity participating in degenerative processes, as well as the multifaceted nature of OA. OA is incurable because there is currently no medication that can stop or reverse cartilage or bone loss. As this point of view has attracted attention, more research is being directed toward determining how the various joint components are impacted and how they contribute to OA pathogenesis. Over the next few years, several prospective therapies focusing on inflammation, cartilage metabolism, subchondral bone remodelling, cellular senescence, and the peripheral nociceptive pathway are predicted to transform the OA therapy landscape. Stem cell therapies and the use of various biomaterials to target articular cartilage (AC) and osteochondral tissues are now being investigated in considerable detail. Currently, laboratory-made cartilage tissues are on the verge of being used in clinical settings. This review focuses on the update of clinical prospects and management of osteoarthritis, as well as future possibilities for the treatment of OA. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a general term that incorporates several different joint diseases. The exact pathophysiology of OA remains unclear. OA is incurable because there is currently no medication that can stop or reverse cartilage or bone loss. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most frequently prescribed medications to alleviate arthritic discomfort. Stem cell therapies to target articular cartilage and osteochondral tissues are now under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Maqbool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ginenus Fekadu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong.,School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Xinchan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong
| | - Firomsa Bekele
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Tolossa
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Ebisa Turi
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Fetensa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Korinan Fanta
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bala K, Bavoria S, Sahni B, Bhagat P, Langeh S, Sobti S. Prevalence, risk factors, and health seeking behavior for knee osteoarthritis among adult population in rural Jammu - A Community based Cross Sectional Study. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:5282-5287. [PMID: 33409203 PMCID: PMC7773061 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_643_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, having multifactorial etiology affecting mainly the articular cartilage. Knee OA with its physical symptoms affects daily activities thereby deteriorating the quality of life. Most of the patients delay their visit to health sectors for seeking medical care in musculoskeletal conditions. AIMS To find the prevalence and determinants of osteoarthritis among the adult population in the rural area and to assess their health-seeking behavior. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A community-based, cross-sectional study. METHODS AND MATERIAL A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 232 adults living in a rural area in village Kirpind of R.S. Pura block, Jammu. Knee OA was diagnosed using the clinical criteria laid down by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Descriptive statistics, OR with 95% CI, and Chi-square test were used for the purpose of analysis. RESULTS The overall prevalence of knee osteoarthritis was 35.7% (females: 44.5% Males: 23.1%). Age more than 60 years, female gender, history of trauma, BMI >30 were found to be significantly associated with higher odds of OA knee (P < 0.05). Descriptive statistics, OR with 95% CI and Chi-square test were used for the purpose of analysis. CONCLUSIONS Strategies focusing on creating awareness among the rural elderly regarding the role of a balanced diet, exercise, and weight management along sensitization of primary health care providers concerning benefits of early screening, diagnosis, and referral should be undertaken to minimize this burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Bala
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shalli Bavoria
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhavna Sahni
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Preeti Bhagat
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sahil Langeh
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shalini Sobti
- Department of Community Medicine, ASCOMS, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Disale PR, Zope SA, Suragimath G, Varma AS, Pisal A. Prevalence and severity of periodontitis in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2919-2925. [PMID: 32984149 PMCID: PMC7491801 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_398_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is associated with many chronic health conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA and periodontitis have similarities in inflammatory mechanism, morphology, and histopathology. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, multifactorial degenerative disease characterized by the deterioration of cartilage in joints. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in patients with established RA and OA. Materials and Methods A total of 200 patients reporting to the Department of Orthopaedics, KIMSDU, Karad were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 that included 100 patients with established RA diagnosed according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification 1987 criteria and Group 2 that comprised 100 patients diagnosed with OA. Demographic profile, medical and dental history, oral hygiene practices, and smoking status of study participants were recorded. Periodontal status of the patients were evaluated using the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), Loe and Silness gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). On the basis of the CAL score periodontitis severity was defined as slight, moderate, and severe. Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were considered as a serological marker in RA. Serological tests were performed to measure RF and CRP. Periodontal parameters and serological tests were correlated. Results This study reported 45% severe periodontitis prevalence in RA compared to OA group, which was 33%. Severity of periodontitis is significantly greater in RF positive RA group with mean CAL 5.38 mm compared to RF negative RA group with mean CAL 2.81 mm (P = 0.001). There was moderate positive correlation found between RF titer and severity of periodontitis (r = 0.311). Conclusion The severity of periodontitis was significantly higher among the patients with established RA as compared to patients with OA. RF positive patients had higher periodontal disease compared to RF negative patients. There was an increase in the mean clinical attachment loss with increase in RF titer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja R Disale
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sameer A Zope
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girish Suragimath
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alluri Siddhartha Varma
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India
| | - Apurva Pisal
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar H, Pal CP, Sharma YK, Kumar S, Uppal A. Epidemiology of knee osteoarthritis using Kellgren and Lawrence scale in Indian population. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2020; 11:S125-S129. [PMID: 31992932 PMCID: PMC6977151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis knee is one of the most prevalent conditions of knee in elder age group of population. Its causes pain, disability in geriatric population of society. Longer life expectancy is responsible for increase in osteoarthritis knee. K-L scale is well known scale of radiographic OA knee. This study was done to find prevalence of OA knee in Indian population of older than 40 years using K-L scale. METHOD The study was a community based cross sectional study. The target population was from 5 metropolis, 5 cities near the metropolis, 5 towns and 20 villages from blocks of these towns. i.e. 5 sample groups were covered. Sample size n = 4680 which was further divided into 5 sites equally (936 from each site). This was rounded to a sample of 1000 from each site. This evaluation study was conducted using the household as the primary sampling unit for the quantitative survey. The respondents for the study were above 40 years. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaire and X-Ray Investigation. OA was graded using the Kellgren and Lawrence scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software. Frequencies and percentages were calculated to find the prevalence of OA. Chi-Square test was used to find the association of OA with various factors. RESULTS The present study shows a prevalence of 28.7% of OA in the overall sample. This varies slightly in the individual states - Agra (35.5%), Bangalore (26.6%), Kolkata (33.7%), Dehradun (27.2%), and Pune (21.7%).OA prevalence was found to be more in participants who used western toilet (42.1%), in sedentary people (82.9%), in females and in obese. CONCLUSION This study has evidenced that there is a large percentage of sub-threshold population. i.e. K-L grade 1 which is considered as border-line or doubt-full as far as OA diagnosis. Awareness of OA should be initiated at community level, which is needed for prevention of OA at early age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harish Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, UP University of Medical Science, Saifai Etawah, India
| | - Chandra P. Pal
- Department of Orthopaedics, SN Medical College, Agra, India,Corresponding author.
| | | | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Arjun Uppal
- Department of Orthopaedics, SN Medical College, Agra, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Matada MS, Holi MS, Raman R, Jayaramu Suvarna ST. Visualization of Cartilage from Knee Joint Magnetic Resonance Images and Quantitative Assessment to Study the Effect of Age, Gender and Body Mass Index (BMI) in Progressive Osteoarthritis (OA). Curr Med Imaging 2019; 15:565-572. [DOI: 10.2174/1573405614666181018123251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of joint cartilage affecting
the elderly people around the world. Visualization and quantification of cartilage is very much essential
for the assessment of OA and rehabilitation of the affected people. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI) is the most widely used imaging modality in the treatment of knee joint diseases. But
there are many challenges in proper visualization and quantification of articular cartilage using
MRI. Volume rendering and 3D visualization can provide an overview of anatomy and disease
condition of knee joint. In this work, cartilage is segmented from knee joint MRI, visualized in 3D
using Volume of Interest (VOI) approach.
Methods:
Visualization of cartilage helps in the assessment of cartilage degradation in diseased
knee joints. Cartilage thickness and volume were quantified using image processing techniques in
OA affected knee joints. Statistical analysis is carried out on processed data set consisting of 110
of knee joints which include male (56) and female (54) of normal (22) and different stages of OA
(88). The differences in thickness and volume of cartilage were observed in cartilage in groups
based on age, gender and BMI in normal and progressive OA knee joints.
Results:
The results show that size and volume of cartilage are found to be significantly low in OA
as compared to normal knee joints. The cartilage thickness and volume is significantly low for
people with age 50 years and above and Body Mass Index (BMI) equal and greater than 25. Cartilage
volume correlates with the progression of the disease and can be used for the evaluation of the
response to therapies.
Conclusion:
The developed methods can be used as helping tool in the assessment of cartilage
degradation in OA affected knee joint patients and treatment planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mallikarjun Sayabanna Holi
- Department of Electrical Instrumentation, University B.D.T. College of Engineering, Constituent College of VTU, Belagavi, Davangere-577 004, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Raman
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, J.S.S. Medical College and Hospital, J.S.S. Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru-570015, India
| | - Sujana Theja Jayaramu Suvarna
- Department of Orthopedics, J.S.S. Medical College and Hospital, J.S.S. Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru-570015, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Expression of Genes and Their Polymorphism Influences the Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis. J Nucleic Acids 2017; 2017:3138254. [PMID: 29129999 PMCID: PMC5654253 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3138254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genetic factors including the level of expression of the fingerprint of genes involved in the development of bones and cartilage such as GDF-5 or ESR-α or CALM-1 are known to be strong determinants of the osteoarthritis (OA) in Caucasian and Oriental populations. Because of high prevalence of OA in Indian population and availability of limited genetic data, we determined whether similar genetic factors are involved in Indians as well. Methods A case control study was carried out involving 500 patients of knee OA and equal number of healthy controls. Genotyping analyses in whole blood, mRNA, and protein expressions in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were performed using established protocols. Results Our results showed a significantly decreased level of mRNA and protein expressions for GDF-5, ESR-α, and CALM-1 genes in PBLs of OA cases when compared to healthy controls. The frequency of variant genotypes of these genes was also increased significantly in cases of OA compared to controls. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that the decrease in expression of GDF-5, ESR-α, and CALM-1 in PBLs and association of polymorphism in these genes may be important in predicting the severity and thereby the progression of OA in Indian population.
Collapse
|
7
|
Choi YL, Kim BK, Hwang YP, Moon OK, Choi WS. Effects of isometric exercise using biofeedback on maximum voluntary isometric contraction, pain, and muscle thickness in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:149-53. [PMID: 25642061 PMCID: PMC4305548 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of isometric exercises
using electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) and ultrasound biofeedback (USBF) on maximum
voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), pain assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS),
and vastus medialis oblique (VMO) thickness in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).
[Subjects and Methods] Thirty females over 65 years of age who had been diagnosed with
knee osteoarthritis were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups, each comprising
of 10 subjects. The Subjects in the EMGBF training and USBF training groups were trained
with the corresponding physical training exercise program targeting the vastus medialis
oblique, whereas the subjects in the control group were treated with conventional physical
therapies, such as a hot pack, ultrasound, and transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation. Subjects in each group were trained or treated for 20 min, 3 times a week for
8 weeks. [Results] The MVIC in the EMGBF and USBF training groups was significantly
increased compared with that in the control group, and the VAS score (for measurement of
pain) in the EMGBF and USBF training groups was significantly decreased compared with that
in the control group. Only the EMGBF training group showed a significantly increased VMO
thickness compared with before training. [Conclusion] These results suggest that USBF
training is similar to EMGBF training in terms of its effectiveness and is helpful for
treating patients with knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lak Choi
- Segyero Hospital, Republic of Korea ; Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Pil Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, International University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kon Moon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Howon University, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Suk Choi
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anwer S, Alghadir A. Effect of isometric quadriceps exercise on muscle strength, pain, and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled study. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:745-8. [PMID: 24926143 PMCID: PMC4047243 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of isometric
quadriceps exercise on muscle strength, pain, and function in knee osteoarthritis.
[Subjects and Methods] Outpatients (N=42, 21 per group; age range 40–65
years; 13 men and 29 women) with osteoarthritis of the knee participated in the study. The
experimental group performed isometric exercises including isometric quadriceps, straight
leg raising, and isometric hip adduction exercise 5 days a week for 5 weeks, whereas the
control group did not performed any exercise program. The outcome measures or dependent
variables selected for this study were pain intensity, isometric quadriceps strength, and
knee function. These variables were measured using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS),
strength gauge device, and reduced WOMAC index, respectively. All the measurements were
taken at baseline (week 0) and at the end of the trial at week 5. [Results] In
between-group comparisons, the maximum isometric quadriceps strength, reduction in pain
intensity, and improvement in function in the isometric exercise group at the end of the
5th week were significantly greater than those of the control group (p<0.05).
[Conclusion] The 5-week isometric quadriceps exercise program showed beneficial effects on
quadriceps muscle strength, pain, and functional disability in patients with
osteoarthritis of the knee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Anwer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia ; Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Ahmad Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Anwer S, Equebal A, Nezamuddin M, Kumar R, Lenka P. Effect of gender on strength gains after isometric exercise coupled with electromyographic biofeedback in knee osteoarthritis: A preliminary study. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2013; 56:434-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
10
|
Madhu K, Chanda K, Saji MJ. Safety and efficacy of Curcuma longa extract in the treatment of painful knee osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Inflammopharmacology 2012; 21:129-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-012-0163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Anwer S, Quddus N, Miraj M, Equebal A. Effectiveness of electromyographic biofeedback training on quadriceps muscle strength in osteoarthritis of knee. Hong Kong Physiother J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hkpj.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
12
|
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disorder characterized by cartilage loss. Its prevalence is high, and it is a major cause of disability. The cause of OA is not known; however, current evidence indicates that it is multifactorial. Major risk factors for osteoarthritis are age, female sex, obesity, geographic factors, occupational knee-bending, physical labour, genetic factors and race, joint trauma, vitamin D deficiency, and chondrocalcinosis. Osteoarthritis causes joint pain, stiffness, and limitation of joint function. Knee involvement is the commonest presentation of this disease all over the world. Given the absence of a curative treatment, it is important to treat osteoarthritis as effectively as possible using a multidisciplinary approach tailored to the patient's needs. This article reviews current thinking on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, lifestyle, genetic epidemiology, and management of osteoarthritis in developing countries.
Collapse
|