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Ghouneimy A, Ali Z, Aman R, Jiang W, Aouida M, Mahfouz M. CRISPR-Based Multiplex Detection of Human Papillomaviruses for One-Pot Point-of-Care Diagnostics. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:837-850. [PMID: 38349963 PMCID: PMC10949237 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization's global initiative toward eliminating high-risk Human Papillomavirus (hrHPV)-related cancers recommends DNA testing over visual inspection in all settings for primary cancer screening and HPV eradication by 2100. However, multiple hrHPV types cause different types of cancers, and there is a pressing need for an easy-to-use, multiplex point-of-care diagnostic platform for detecting different hrHPV types. Recently, CRISPR-Cas systems have been repurposed for point-of-care detection. Here, we established a CRISPR-Cas multiplexed diagnostic assay (CRISPRD) to detect cervical cancer-causing hrHPVs in one reaction (one-pot assay). We harnessed the compatibility of thermostable AapCas12b, TccCas13a, and HheCas13a nucleases with isothermal amplification and successfully detected HPV16 and HPV18, along with an internal control in a single-pot assay with a limit of detection of 10 copies and 100% specificity. This platform offers a rapid and practical solution for the multiplex detection of hrHPVs, which may facilitate large-scale hrHPV point-of-care screening. Furthermore, the CRISPRD platform programmability enables it to be adapted for the multiplex detection of any two nucleic acid biomarkers as well as internal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ghouneimy
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahir Ali
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Aman
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustapha Aouida
- Division
of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life
Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box: 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Zheng X, Li Y, Yuan M, Shen Y, Chen S, Duan G. Rapid detection of HPV16/18 based on a CRISPR-Cas13a/Cas12a dual-channel system. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:5065-5075. [PMID: 36449008 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01536f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the developing world, with high-risk HPV16 and HPV18 accounting for approximately 70% of all cervical cancers. Early detection of HPV, especially high-risk HPV types, is essential to prevent disease progression. METHODS in this study, we established a highly sensitive and specific nucleic acid assay based on a CRISPR-Cas13a/Cas12a dual-channel system combined with multiplex RAA for rapid detection and typing of HPV16/18, which provides a new idea for cervical cancer screening. To meet the application of field testing, we designed a portable fluorescence imaging assay that can judge the test results directly with the naked eye or through cell phone imaging. RESULTS the lower limit of detection for both HPV16 and HPV18 based on the CRISPR-Cas12a/Cas13a dual-channel assay was 100 copies per μL. The dual-channel assay was validated with 55 clinical samples, showing 97.06% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 96.55% negative predictive value. The results of the portable fluorescence imaging assay were fully comparable to those of the real-time fluorescent RAA-based CRISPR-Cas12a/Cas13a dual-channel assay. CONCLUSIONS this developed portable dual gene assay platform may provide new technical support for cervical cancer screening in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zheng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Yuankun Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.
| | - Mingzhu Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Yue Shen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Guangcai Duan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Huang Y, Zou D, Guo M, He M, He H, Li X, Zheng Q, Li Q, Mao Z. HPV and radiosensitivity of cervical cancer: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1405. [PMID: 36660629 PMCID: PMC9843372 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Cervical cancer (CC), the most common gynecological malignancy, is divided into two categories: human papillomavirus-related [HPV positive (HPV+)] and non-HPV-related [HPV negative (HPV-)]. Compared with HPV- CC, HPV+ CC has better radiosensitivity and prognosis. We conducted a literature search and summarized relevant studies to explore the detailed mechanisms by which HPV+ improves the prognosis of CC compared to HPV-. Methods PubMed was used to search the literature on human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, and radiotherapy up to June 2022. Key Content and Findings Compared with HPV- CC, HPV+ CC has better radiotherapy outcomes and better prognosis. HPV improves the radiotherapy sensitivity of CC by inhibiting damaged DNA repair, increasing cell cycle arrest, reducing hypoxia, increasing cellular immune response, and other mechanisms. However, the effect of HPV on radiotherapy sensitivity of CC is not consistent and is affected by HPV type, viral load, and many other factors. Partial HPV+ CCs, due to hypoxia and other factors, are resistant to radiotherapy and have a poor prognosis. HPV- CC has poor radiotherapy sensitivity and poor prognosis. With the spread of the vaccine, HPV- CC will gradually increase, which is a cause for concern. Conclusions The radiosensitivity was significantly increased in patients with HPV+ CC, compared to HPV- patients. HPV improves the radiotherapy sensitivity of cervical cancer through a number of pathways. Meanwhile, the relationship between HPV and radiotherapy sensitivity is influenced by a number of factors. Some HPV+ CCs showed radiotherapy resistance, and HPV- CCs deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Gynecological Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongling Zou
- Department of Gynecological Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingfang Guo
- Department of Gynecological Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Misi He
- Department of Gynecological Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao He
- Department of Gynecological Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Department of Gynecological Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Gynecological Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- Department of Gynecological Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zejia Mao
- Department of Gynecological Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Guo Y, Gil Z. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer-Nerve Crosstalk of the Peripheral Nervous System. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081294. [PMID: 35455973 PMCID: PMC9027707 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the pathogenic operations of cancer–nerve crosstalk (e.g., neuritogenesis, neoneurogensis, and perineural invasion—PNI) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) during tumorigenesis, as well as the progression of all cancer types is continuing to emerge as an area of unique scientific interest and study, extensive, wide-ranging, and multidisciplinary investigations still remain fragmented and unsystematic. This is especially so in regard to the roles played by extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are lipid bilayer-enclosed nano- to microsized particles that carry multiple-function molecular cargos, facilitate intercellular communication in diverse processes. Accordingly, the biological significance of EVs has been greatly elevated in recent years, as there is strong evidence that they could contribute to important and possibly groundbreaking diagnostic and therapeutic innovations. This can be achieved and the pace of discoveries accelerated through cross-pollination from existing knowledge and studies regarding nervous system physiology and pathology, as well as thoroughgoing collaborations between oncologists, neurobiologists, pathologists, clinicians, and researchers. This article offers an overview of current and recent past investigations on the roles of EVs in cancer–nerve crosstalk, as well as in neural development, physiology, inflammation, injury, and regeneration in the PNS. By highlighting the mechanisms involved in physiological and noncancerous pathological cellular crosstalk, we provide hints that may inspire additional translational studies on cancer–nerve interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanning Guo
- Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel;
| | - Ziv Gil
- Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel;
- Head and Neck Institute, The Holy Family Hospital Nazareth, Nazareth 1641100, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-854-2480
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Kugelman N, Siegler E, Mackuli L, Lavie O, Schmidt M, Shaked-Mishan P, Segev Y. Prognosis of Human Papillomavirus-Negative Compared to Human Papillomavirus-Positive Cervical Cancer. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2022; 26:115-121. [PMID: 34967775 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to evaluate the prevalence and prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative cervical cancer (CC) and to compare these to data for HPV-positive CC. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study compared between HPV-negative CC and HPV-positive CC patients. Primary end points were disease-free survival and overall survival. Secondary end points were demographic and clinical variables including histological diagnosis, stage, and treatment. RESULTS Of 233 women with CC, 18 (8%) tested HPV-negative. During a median follow-up of 45 months, 33 (14%) recurrences and 41 (18%) deaths were observed. Eleven of the 18 women (61%) who tested HPV-negative and 41 of the 215 (19%) who tested HPV-positive had only adenocarcinoma (p < .001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, advanced age (p = .003) and primary treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (p < .001) remained statistically significant for recurrence or mortality (disease-free survival). The factors associated with lower survival were advanced age (p = .008), higher stage at diagnosis (p < .001), and HPV negativity (p = .062). Median overall survival for HPV-positive CC was not reached, compared with 24 months for HPV-negative CC. Kaplan-Meier curves showed lower rates of disease-free survival (p = .008) and overall survival (p = .011), for women with HPV-negative compared with HPV-positive CC. CONCLUSIONS The relatively poor prognosis of HPV-negative CC is important in light of its relatively high prevalence, which could increase proportionally to HPV-positive CC due to increased HPV screening and vaccination. Further studies are needed to confirm whether HPV status is truly an independent prognostic factor in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lena Mackuli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Human papillomavirus and ovarian cancer (review of literature and meta-analysis). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 95:105086. [PMID: 34536579 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many factors are involved in carcinogenesis of the ovary, such human genetic and physiological characteristics as lifestyle, existing diseases of the reproductive system, and, as suggested, the human papillomavirus (HPV). It is well known that the human papillomavirus virus of high carcinogenic risk (HCR) plays a crucial role in the onset and development of cervical cancer, as well as cases of HPV positive breast cancer and endometrial cancer. The data on the presence of HPV in ovarian cancer are ambiguous: the researchers claim that there is no complete effect of the virus on the development of this type of cancer, and the detection of HPV in 60-80% of tumors. In this regard, there is a need to systematize the currently available research results on this controversial issue and conduct a meta-analysis of the association of HPV infection with the risk of ovarian cancer.
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Kumar A, Chopra S, Gupta S. Contribution of Tata Memorial Centre, India, to cervical cancer care: Journey of two decades. Indian J Med Res 2021; 154:319-328. [PMID: 35295006 PMCID: PMC9131759 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_339_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer continues to be a major public health concern in India and other low- and middle-income countries. Tata Memorial Centre, India, has been at the forefront in providing treatment, developing best practice guidelines for low-cost efficacious interventions, conducting practice-changing randomized trials and engaging in regional and international collaborations for education and research in cervical cancer. This review summarizes how cervical cancer research and clinical care has evolved over the past two decades at the Tata Memorial Centre, right from testing low-cost public health screening of cervical cancers to the incorporation of the latest technological advancements and providing high-quality evidence for therapeutic management of cervical cancer. The various ongoing strategies for improving survival, toxicity reduction, translational research studies, educational activities and teaching programmes initiated by the Tata Memorial Centre at both national and international levels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supriya Chopra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,For correspondence: Dr Supriya Chopra, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400 012, Maharashtra, India e-mail:
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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8
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Pathogenic Role of Immune Evasion and Integration of Human Papillomavirus in Oropharyngeal Cancer. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050891. [PMID: 33919460 PMCID: PMC8143538 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is increasing remarkably among all head and neck cancers, mainly due to its association with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Most HPVs are eliminated by the host’s immune system; however, because HPV has developed an effective immune evasion mechanism to complete its replication cycle, a small number of HPVs are not eliminated, leading to persistent infection. Moreover, during the oncogenic process, the extrachromosomal HPV genome often becomes integrated into the host genome. Integration involves the induction and high expression of E6 and E7, leading to cell cycle activation and increased genomic instability in the host. Therefore, integration is an important event in oncogenesis, although the associated mechanism remains unclear, especially in HPV-OPC. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on HPV-mediated carcinogenesis, with special emphasis on immune evasion and integration mechanisms, which are crucial for oncogenesis.
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Pokrývková B, Saláková M, Šmahelová J, Vojtěchová Z, Novosadová V, Tachezy R. Detailed Characteristics of Tonsillar Tumors with Extrachromosomal or Integrated Form of Human Papillomavirus. Viruses 2019; 12:v12010042. [PMID: 31905862 PMCID: PMC7019694 DOI: 10.3390/v12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) integration, the critical step in viral carcinogenesis, most frequently occurs in the E2 gene, which results in its inactivation and in an increase of E6/E7 transcription. However, in a substantial number of tumors, the virus is present in an extrachromosomal form. For those tumors, the transformation mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here we evaluated the possible mechanism of inactivating the E2 without interruption of the gene, methylation or mutation of the E2 binding sites (E2BSs) in HPV16-positive tonsillar tumors by next-generation and Sanger sequencing. Viral genome status was analyzed by the amplification of papillomavirus oncogene transcripts assay (APOT) and mRNA mapping, and expression of viral oncogenes was performed by qPCR. The methylation of E2BSs was significantly higher in tumors with an integrated, in comparison to extrachromosomal, form of the viral genome. No mutations were detected in the E2BSs. The viral oncogenes were equally expressed in samples with an integrated and extrachromosomal form of the virus. Only the nucleotide variants were identified in the E2 gene. No proposed mechanism of E2 inactivation was confirmed in tonsillar tumors with an extrachromosomal form of the HPV genome. The expression of E6/E7 genes seems to be sufficient to initiate and maintain the carcinogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Pokrývková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (J.Š.); (Z.V.); (R.T.)
| | - Martina Saláková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (J.Š.); (Z.V.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-032-587-3920
| | - Jana Šmahelová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (J.Š.); (Z.V.); (R.T.)
| | - Zuzana Vojtěchová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (J.Š.); (Z.V.); (R.T.)
| | - Vendula Novosadová
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic;
| | - Ruth Tachezy
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (J.Š.); (Z.V.); (R.T.)
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Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus Types in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 2–3 and in Invasive Cervical Cancer Patients. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2019; 23:248-252. [DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lucido CT, Wynja E, Madeo M, Williamson CS, Schwartz LE, Imblum BA, Drapkin R, Vermeer PD. Innervation of cervical carcinoma is mediated by cancer-derived exosomes. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 154:228-235. [PMID: 31003747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, our laboratory identified sensory innervation within head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and subsequently defined a mechanism whereby HNSCCs promote their own innervation via the release of exosomes that stimulate neurite outgrowth. Interestingly, we noted that exosomes from human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cell lines were more effective at promoting neurite outgrowth than those from HPV-negative cell lines. As nearly all cervical tumors are HPV-positive, we hypothesized that these findings would extend to cervical cancer. METHODS We use an in vitro assay with PC12 cells to quantify the axonogenic potential of cervical cancer exosomes. PC12 cells are treated with cancer-derived exosomes, stained with the pan-neuronal marker (β-III tubulin) and the number of neurites quantified. To assess innervation in cervical cancer, we immunohistochemically stained cervical cancer patient samples for β-III tubulin and TRPV1 (sensory marker) and compared the staining to normal cervix. RESULTS Here, we show the presence of sensory nerves within human cervical tumors. Additionally, we show that exosomes derived from HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines effectively stimulate neurite outgrowth. CONCLUSIONS These data identify sensory nerves as components of the cervical cancer microenvironment and suggest that tumor- derived exosomes promote their recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Lucido
- Sanford Research, Cancer Biology and Immunotherapy Group, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, 414 E. Clark St, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Emily Wynja
- Sanford Research, Cancer Biology and Immunotherapy Group, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, 414 E. Clark St, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Marianna Madeo
- Sanford Research, Cancer Biology and Immunotherapy Group, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Caitlin S Williamson
- Sanford Research, Cancer Biology and Immunotherapy Group, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Lauren E Schwartz
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brittney A Imblum
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paola D Vermeer
- Sanford Research, Cancer Biology and Immunotherapy Group, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
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Zuo J, Huang Y, An J, Yang X, Li N, Huang M, Wu L. Nomograms based on HPV load for predicting survival in cervical squamous cell carcinoma: An observational study with a long-term follow-up. Chin J Cancer Res 2019; 31:389-399. [PMID: 31156309 PMCID: PMC6513744 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.02.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prognostic value of pretreatment human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load for cervical cancer, and to develop nomograms based on HPV load and other clinicopathological factors for long-term survival. Methods We conducted a prospective study on cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients diagnosed between January 2003 and December 2008. Cervical samples were tested for HPV viral load by the Hybrid Capture II (HCII) assay before treatment and 6 months after treatment. Clinical characteristics and follow-up information were also collected. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to adjust covariates in both the radical hysterectomy (RH) treatment group and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) treatment group to identify relevant covariates, and then nomograms were constructed and used for internal validation. Results A total of 520 SCC patients enrolled in this study with a median follow-up of 127 months, 360 patients received RH, whereas 160 patients received CCRT. The median HPV viral load in RH and CCRT groups was 356.10 and 294.29, respectively. Tumor size was positively correlated with high pretreatment HPV load in both groups. In CCRT group, the advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and enlarged retroperitoneal lymph node status determined by computed tomography (LNSCT) were correlated with low HPV load group. Initial HPV viral load, FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis were prognostic factors for RH group, whereas HPV viral load, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) level and LNSCT were identified as prognostic factors for CCRT group. Nomograms incorporating these predictors for 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) were constructed [concordance index (C-index): 0.756, 0.749]. Conclusions A low pretreatment HPV viral load is an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis of cervical SCC and is related to other clinicopathological factors. The survival nomogram based on HPV viral load could predict the long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zuo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, the Henry Jackson Foundation, Annandale, VA 22003, USA
| | - Jusheng An
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Manni Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lingying Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Brant AC, Menezes AN, Felix SP, de Almeida LM, Sammeth M, Moreira MAM. Characterization of HPV integration, viral gene expression and E6E7 alternative transcripts by RNA-Seq: A descriptive study in invasive cervical cancer. Genomics 2018; 111:1853-1861. [PMID: 30552977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Scarce data are available on the expression of papillomavirus genome and the frequency of alternatively spliced E6E7 mRNAs in invasive cervical cancer. We carried out a comprehensive characterization of HPV expression by RNA-Seq analysis in 22 invasive cervical cancer with HPV16 or HPV18, characterizing the presence of integrated/episomal viral DNA, the integration sites in human genome and the proportion of alternative splicing products of E6 and E7 genes. The expression patterns suggested the presence of episomal and/or integrated viral DNA, with integration detected in most tumors, frequently occurring within human genes in HPV18+ and in intergenic regions in HPV16+ tumors. Alternative splicing of E6E7 transcripts showed E6*I as the most frequent isoform for both viral types, followed by E6*II and E6/E7 (unspliced) transcripts in HPV16+, and by E6/E7 in HPV18+ tumors. Previously described E6*VI and E6*V transcript isoforms for HPV16, and E6*X for HPV18, were rare or not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayslan C Brant
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Albert N Menezes
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Shayany P Felix
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liz M de Almeida
- Department of Population Research, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Michael Sammeth
- Department of Bioinformatics, Transcriptomics and Functional Genomics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
| | - Miguel A M Moreira
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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15
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Nulton TJ, Kim NK, DiNardo LJ, Morgan IM, Windle B. Patients with integrated HPV16 in head and neck cancer show poor survival. Oral Oncol 2018; 80:52-55. [PMID: 29706188 PMCID: PMC5930384 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously reported identifying three categories of HPV16-positive head and neck tumors based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA and DNA sequence data. Category 1 had truly integrated HPV16 genomes, category 2 had simple episomal genomes, and category 3 had novel episomes that were a hybrid between viral and human DNA. Using our categorization, we investigated in this study survival of patients with integrated HPV16 tumors versus patients with episomal HPV16 tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The TCGA RNA-Seq sequence reads were used to quantify HPV E2 and E7 gene expression, which was used as a marker for HPV integration. RESULTS The results demonstrate that integration is associated with poor survival; those patients with integrated HPV tumors fared no better than non-HPV tumors in their five-year survival. Integrated HPV in tumors was found strikingly to be prevalent in patients born earlier while episomal HPV was prevalent in patients born later. We also observed a fairly constant incidence of all HPV forms among head and neck cancer patients over the last eight years of this study (2006-2013). CONCLUSION We propose our characterization of HPV integrated and episomal state is more accurate than previous studies that may have mischaracterized the hybrid HPV-human DNA episomes as integrated. The state of integrated HPV is associated with a poor clinical outcome. Results suggest that the incidence of integrated HPV among all HPV forms peaked and is decreasing. We discuss the importance of our findings for the management of HPV positive head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara J Nulton
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980566, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Nak-Kyeong Kim
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Box 980037, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980032, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Laurence J DiNardo
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Box 980037, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980146, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Iain M Morgan
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980566, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Box 980037, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Brad Windle
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980566, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Box 980037, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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16
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Karbalaie Niya MH, Keyvani H, Safarnezhad Tameshkel F, Salehi-Vaziri M, Teaghinezhad-S S, Bokharaei Salim F, Monavari SHR, Javanmard D. Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Integration Analysis by Real-time PCR Assay in Associated Cancers. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:593-598. [PMID: 29547758 PMCID: PMC5854915 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common viral infection worldwide associated with a variety of cancers. The integration of the HPV genome in these patients causes chromosomal instability and triggers carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the HPV-16 genome physical status in four major cancers related to HPV infection. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks from our previous projects on head and neck, colorectal, penile, and cervical cancers were collected, and HPV-16–positive specimens were used for further analysis. The DNA extraction copy number of E2 and E7 genes was calculated by qualitative real-time PCR method. Serially diluted standards that were cloned in PUC57 plasmid were used. Standard curve and melting curve analysis was used for quantification. Of the 672 specimens studied, 76 (11.3%) were HPV-16 positive. We found that 35.6% (16/45) were integrated. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant correlations between integration of HPV-16 and cervical cancer end-stage carcinogenesis (P < .0001), episomal form, and ASCUS lesions (P = .045). Significant correlation in penile cancer patients was seen between the episomal form and high-grade cancer stage (P = .037). Integration is a major factor in the carcinogenesis mechanism of HPV and has different prevalence in various cancers with a higher rate in progression except in penile cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri
- Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran; Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran
| | - Sedigheh Teaghinezhad-S
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei Salim
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; HIV Laboratory of National Center, Deputy of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Davod Javanmard
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Cerasuolo A, Annunziata C, Tortora M, Starita N, Stellato G, Greggi S, Maglione MG, Ionna F, Losito S, Botti G, Buonaguro L, Buonaguro FM, Tornesello ML. Comparative analysis of HPV16 gene expression profiles in cervical and in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34070-34081. [PMID: 28423662 PMCID: PMC5470952 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is the major cause of cervical cancer and of a fraction of oropharyngeal carcinoma. Few studies compared the viral expression profiles in the two types of tumor. We analyzed HPV genotypes and viral load as well as early (E2/E4, E5, E6, E6*I, E6*II, E7) and late (L1 and L2) gene expression of HPV16 in cervical and oropharyngeal cancer biopsies. The study included 28 cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and ten oropharyngeal SCC, along with pair-matched non-tumor tissues, as well as four oropharynx dysplastic tissues and 112 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia biopsies. Viral load was found higher in cervical SCC (<1 to 694 copies/cell) and CIN (<1 to 43 copies/cell) compared to oropharyngeal SCC (<1 to 4 copies/cell). HPV16 E2/E4 and E5 as well as L1 and L2 mRNA levels were low in cervical SCC and CIN and undetectable in oropharynx cases. The HPV16 E6 and E7 mRNAs were consistently high in cervical SCC and low in oropharyngeal SCC. The analysis of HPV16 E6 mRNA expression pattern showed statistically significant higher levels of E6*I versus E6*II isoform in cervical SCC (p = 0.002) and a slightly higher expression of E6*I versus E6*II in oropharyngeal cases. In conclusion, the HPV16 E5, E6, E6*I, E6*II and E7 mRNA levels were more abundant in cervical SCC compared to oropharyngeal SCC suggesting different carcinogenic mechanisms in the two types of HPV-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cerasuolo
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Clorinda Annunziata
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Marianna Tortora
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Noemy Starita
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stellato
- Gynecology Oncology Division , Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Greggi
- Gynecology Oncology Division , Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Maglione
- Department of Maxillofacial and Ear Nose and Throat Surgery, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco Ionna
- Department of Maxillofacial and Ear Nose and Throat Surgery, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Losito
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco M Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
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18
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Mahantshetty U, Teni T, Naga P, Hotwani C, Umesh S, Kannan S, Hande V, Pawar S, Engineer R, Chopra S, Deodhar K, Maheshwari A, Gurram L, Gupta S, Shrivastava SK. Impact of HPV 16/18 infection on clinical outcomes in locally advanced cervical cancers treated with radical radio (chemo) therapy - A prospective observational study. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 148:299-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cancer cervix: Establishing an evidence-based strategy, an experience of a tertiary care centre in India. Curr Probl Cancer 2018; 42:137-147. [PMID: 29433826 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma cervix is a common cancer among Indian women. Evidence based management is essential for best practice in treatment of carcinoma cervix for its effective control. The current imaging system like CT, MRI and PET CT scans have contributed in identifying the patients for optimal treatment and delivering treatment accurately. For stages IB2 to IV, concurrent chemoradiation is advocated with improvement in overall survival proven with randomized trials. Brachytherapy is an integral part in the radiation treatment. Imaged-guided brachytherapy using MRI is desirable, however less expensive imaging modalities such as CT and ultrasonography has been evaluated. In special situation such as for HIV positive patients and patients with neuroendocrine tumors have role of radiotherapy. For further improvement in control of cancer, it is required to integrate basic research to answer clinically relevant questions.
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20
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Zhang K, Liu Z, Li J, Li J, Yan J, Su Y, Li S, Li J. Analysis of human papilloma virus type 52 integration status in exfoliated cervical cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5817-5824. [PMID: 29285126 PMCID: PMC5740806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the significance of human papilloma virus type 52 (HPV52) infection and its integration in cells within cervical lesions, the expression levels of HPV52 were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The copy numbers of HPV52 E2, HPV52 E6 and the reference gene β-actin were determined by quantitative PCR to analyze the association between HPV52 integration and cervical lesions. HPV52 integration was analyzed by the amplification of papillomavirus oncogene transcripts. A total of 13 samples from 468 cases were positive for HPV52. Among the samples, 1 case with an E2/E6 ratio >1 was purely episomal, 3 cases with an E2/E6 ratio of 0 were purely integrated, and 9 cases with an E2/E6 ratio of between 0 and 1 were a mixture of integrated and episomal. With the progression of cervical disease, the prevalence of the episomal type decreased gradually, and the prevalence of the integrated (episomal and integrated) forms increased. The pure integration of HPV52 occurred in chromosomes 2, 5 and 8. These results indicate that HPV52 integration into the host genome may be a key factor in cervical lesions. Thus, patients at high risk for cervical lesions may potentially be identified by screening for HPV52 infection and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases/Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Zhanjun Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases/Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Ji Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases/Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases/Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jianghong Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases/Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yunchuan Su
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases/Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Shuying Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases/Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jintao Li
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P.R. China
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21
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Marongiu L. Proportion of transcriptionally active DNA virus integrants: a meta-analysis. Future Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oncoviruses are collectively responsible for over 1,000,000 new cases of cancer per year; some can integrate into the host's chromosomes. The present work was aimed at assessing the proportion of transcriptionally active viral integrants through a systematic review of the scientific publications present on the MedLine database. From the articles screened, 628 viral integrants overall were retrieved, of which 530.84 were transcriptionally active (84.53%); among the clinical samples, 264 of 323 integrants were active (81.73%). The causes for the silencing were not addressed in the articles analyzed. These findings might highlight a possible risk factor for the insurgence of cancer since some oncovirus integrants could be reactivated by stimuli of disparate nature. Further studies should address such possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marongiu
- Roslin Institute, the University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush campus, EH25 9RG Edinburgh, Scotland
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22
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Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is the leading cause of cervical cancer development. To this end several studies have focused on designing molecular assays for HPV genotyping, which are considered as the gold standard for the early diagnosis of HPV infection. Moreover, the tendency of HPV DNA to be integrated into the host chromosome is a determining event for cervical oncogenesis. Thus, the establishment of molecular techniques was promoted in order to investigate the physical status of the HPV DNA and the locus of viral insertion into the host chromosome. The molecular approaches that have been developed recently facilitate the collection of a wide spectrum of valuable information specific to each individual patient and therefore can significantly contribute to the establishment of a personalised prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of HPV-positive patients. The present review focuses on state of the art molecular assays for HPV detection and genotyping for intra-lesion analyses, it examines molecular approaches for the determination of HPV-DNA physical status and it discusses the criteria for selecting the most appropriate regions of viral DNA to be incorporated in HPV genotyping and in the determination of HPV-DNA physical status.
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23
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Song D, Kong WM, Zhang TQ, Jiao SM, Chen J, Han C, Liu TT. The negative conversion of high-risk human papillomavirus and its performance in surveillance of cervical cancer after treatment: a retrospective study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 295:197-203. [PMID: 27619686 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the negative conversion regularity of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and to evaluate the prognostic implications of HR-HPV testing in patients with cervical cancer after treatment. METHODS A retrospective post-treatment analysis of 173 patients with cervical cancer was performed from January 2011 to December 2012. Patients who had HR-HPV infection before treatment were included. Clinical and pathological characteristics, as well as follow-up information, were reviewed. RESULTS The negative conversion rate of HR-HPV reached 68.9 % within half a year and increased most rapidly within the first 2 years after treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that the negative conversion rate of HR-HPV was significantly correlated with clinical stage, treatment regimens, and HR-HPV type (P < 0.05). In our analysis of 173 patients, we found that HR-HPV status was predictive of 3-year survival rate and disease recurrence (P < 0.05). Pelvic recurrence, but not distant metastasis, was influenced by HR-HPV status (P < 0.05). Through 2 × 2 table analysis, we found that HR-HPV was more sensitive (71.43 %) and specific (94.20 %) than cervical cytology (sensitivity 62.86 % and specificity 78.26 %). CONCLUSIONS The negative conversion rate of HR-HPV increased most rapidly within the first 2 years of cervical cancer surveillance. Persistent HPV infection was associated with a poor prognosis and had an impact on recurrence sites. Further large and multi-center prospective studies should be performed, but these results of this study suggested that HR-HPV monitoring is necessary to be used as a means of cervical cancer surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Min Kong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tong-Qing Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Meng Jiao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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24
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Bristol ML, Wang X, Smith NW, Son MP, Evans MR, Morgan IM. DNA Damage Reduces the Quality, but Not the Quantity of Human Papillomavirus 16 E1 and E2 DNA Replication. Viruses 2016; 8:v8060175. [PMID: 27338449 PMCID: PMC4926195 DOI: 10.3390/v8060175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents in almost all cervical carcinomas. HPVs are also causative agents in head and neck cancer, the cases of which are increasing rapidly. Viral replication activates the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway; associated proteins are recruited to replication foci, and this pathway may serve to allow for viral genome amplification. Likewise, HPV genome double-strand breaks (DSBs) could be produced during replication and could lead to linearization and viral integration. Many studies have shown that viral integration into the host genome results in unregulated expression of the viral oncogenes, E6 and E7, promoting HPV-induced carcinogenesis. Previously, we have demonstrated that DNA-damaging agents, such as etoposide, or knocking down viral replication partner proteins, such as topoisomerase II β binding protein I (TopBP1), does not reduce the level of DNA replication. Here, we investigated whether these treatments alter the quality of DNA replication by HPV16 E1 and E2. We confirm that knockdown of TopBP1 or treatment with etoposide does not reduce total levels of E1/E2-mediated DNA replication; however, the quality of replication is significantly reduced. The results demonstrate that E1 and E2 continue to replicate under genomically-stressed conditions and that this replication is mutagenic. This mutagenesis would promote the formation of substrates for integration of the viral genome into that of the host, a hallmark of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L Bristol
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Xu Wang
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Nathan W Smith
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Minkyeong P Son
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Michael R Evans
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Iain M Morgan
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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25
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Sastre-Garau X. Human papillomavirus (HPV) insertional mutation as a dynamic & specific tumour biomarker in HPV-associated carcinoma. Indian J Med Res 2015; 142:507-8. [PMID: 26658581 PMCID: PMC4743333 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.171266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Sastre-Garau
- Chef du Département de BioPathologie, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 PARIS Cedex 05, France
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