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Akçay A, Gorduysus M, Gorduysus MO, Annamma LM, Müftüoglu S. A Comparative Evaluation of the Cleaning Efficacy of Five Different Root Canal Irrigation Devices: A Histological Study. Eur J Dent 2023. [PMID: 37995725 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1774325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is aimed to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of five different irrigation systems as SonicMax, RinsEndo, EndoVac, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and manual needle irrigation (MNI) to histologically evaluate the presence of organic structures and the penetration of irrigation solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two single-rooted, extracted human mandibular premolars were used in the study. Each tooth was decoronated at the cementoenamel junction and the root canals were instrumented using ProTaper rotary instruments in a crown-down manner. The specimens were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n = 7) Group (1) SonicMax, group (2) RinsEndo,group (3) EndoVac, group (4) PUI, group (5) MNI, and the control groups (n = 7). Each system used 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and 2.5% NaOCl, respectively, in the experimental groups. The control group did not receive any final irrigation.The measurements were analyzed by employing two-way analysis of variance multivariate results to show significant differences between the length of the dentin tubules in the apical, middle, and coronal of the six groups. The post-hoc test was used when groups were compared by pairs. RESULTS The results of this study indicate that among the five groups, the RinsEndo and EndoVac were found to be most effective in the cleaning of root canals. The RinsEndo shows highly significant results in the cleaning efficiency of the coronal and middle parts compared with the other groups. The cleaning efficiency in the apical area was the same for RinsEndo and EndoVac. CONCLUSION The result of our study indicates that RinsEndo and EndoVac may be more effective in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Akçay
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | | | - Mehmet Omer Gorduysus
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lovely M Annamma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sevda Müftüoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkiye
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Chinta PR, Kalla N, Dhavala PC, Satyavathi DPS, Rolla SA, Uppalapati P. Comparative Evaluation of Different Irrigant Agitating Devices for Debris Removal from the Mesial Roots of Mandibular Molars: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:449-453. [PMID: 37622621 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficiency of debris removal from the mesial root canals and isthmus of mesial roots of mandibular molars after final irrigant agitation with XP-endo Shaper, EndoVac (EV), plastic finishing file, and conventional needle irrigation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Forty extracted human mandibular first molar teeth with the isthmus between the mesial roots were selected, access cavities were prepared and distal roots were decoronated. All the mesial root specimens were mounted in acrylic, sectioned at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds, along with the resin block, and examined for debris in the canals and isthmus before the start of the procedure using a stereomicroscope and were mounted back in a custom-made jig. After determination of the working length, they were allocated to the following four different irrigant activation groups (n = 10): Group I-XP-endo Finisher; group II-EndoVac; group III-plastic finishing file; and group IV-standard needle irrigation. After biomechanical preparation (BMP) till F3, final agitation was done for debris removal with the respective agitating devices, and all the samples were examined under a stereomicroscope for the amount of debris in the canal after final agitation. RESULTS Of all the irrigation devices used, the XP-endo Finisher and EV showed more debris removal when compared to other groups (p < 0.05). The plastic finishing file in continuous rotation was more efficient in cleaning debris compared with conventional needle irrigation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The XP-endo Finisher and EV showed a significant difference in cleaning efficacy than the plastic finishing files. So, these can be used as adjunctive for agitating the final irrigant. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The irrigant agitation devices promote the penetration of irrigants into the intricate root canal anatomy and increase their antibacterial and tissue-dissolving effectiveness thereby improving the success rate and treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Reddy Chinta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, GSL Dental College & Hospital, Rajanagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India, Phone: +91 9493672455, e-mail: , Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7463-9443
| | - Nagalakshmi Kalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, GSL Dental College & Hospital, Rajanagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Padma Chaitanya Dhavala
- Master of Dental Surgery in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Drs Sudha & Nageswara rao Siddhartha institute of dental sciences, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Damarla Poorna Samudra Satyavathi
- Master of Dental Surgery in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Drs Sudha & Nageswara rao Siddhartha institute of dental sciences, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Adarsh Rolla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, GSL Dental College & Hospital, Rajanagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pragnya Uppalapati
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, GSL Dental College & Hospital, Rajanagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Maiti N, Benedicenti S, Henna, Ambesh S, Gudapati S, Mustafa M, Agarwal K. Assessment of efficiency of diode laser in root canal disinfection: An original research. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:S248-S250. [PMID: 36110642 PMCID: PMC9469306 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_710_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Dafer Al Wadei MH, Kader MA, Mohamed Ali AB, Alaajam WH, Sainudeen S, AlQahtani SM. Examining the Effect of Gravity on Different Irrigation Systems: An In vitro Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 13:S692-S695. [PMID: 34447183 PMCID: PMC8375912 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_813_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periapical extrusion is frequently observed during endodontic therapy. It can lead to acute injury of periapical tissues, resulting in interappointment pain or swelling. The effect is pronounced in teeth with immature apex, which are more susceptible to the extrusion of irrigant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gravity on the apical extrusion of irrigating solution with different irrigation protocols in single-rooted premolars. Methodology A total number of 80 permanent single-rooted teeth (premolars) with same working length (WL) were divided into two main groups: Group A: Penetration depth of irrigation syringe to 2 mm from the WL and Group B: Penetration depth of irrigation syringe to 4 mm from the WL. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups. (n = 10). The extruded debris and irrigants were weighed, and the data were statistically analyzed by the analysis of variance and the Tukey test. Results Irrespective of the irrigation technique used, the amount of irrigant extruded from the apex showed a statistically significant difference related to the effect of gravity (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference observed between irrigation methods (P > 0.05). Conclusion The degree of apical extrusion of irrigant was dependent on the type of irrigation technique and gravity. Greater caution should be taken during irrigation to prevent postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Abdul Kader
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Babiker Mohamed Ali
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Hassan Alaajam
- Department of Substitutive Dental Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shan Sainudeen
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M AlQahtani
- Department of Substitutive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Srivastava I, Srivastava S, Grover R, Paliwal A. Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Irrigating Needles and Devices in Removal of Debris from Apical Third of Root Canal: An In-vitro SEM Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2021; 12:222-229. [PMID: 34759677 PMCID: PMC8525803 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_468_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irrigants were required to eliminate the microbes and debris from the intraradicular space and must have direct contact with the entire root canal wall. Therefore, different irrigation methods have been proposed to deliver the irrigant as close as possible to the remote areas of the root canal. AIM The aim of the present study is to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of single-beveled needle, side-vented needle, endovac, and endo-irrigator plus in the removal of debris from apical third of root canal by Scanning Electron Microscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty single-rooted freshly extracted human permanent mandibular premolars were collected. Root canals were cleaned and instrumented till X2 (25/06) with rotary Protaper Next at working length 1 mm short of the apex. Teeth were randomly divided into four equal groups: Group 1 (n = 10): Endovac, Group 2 (n = 10): Endo irrigator plus, Group 3 (n = 10): Side-vented needle, and Group 4 (n = 10): Single-beveled needle. Irrigation was done with 5.25% NaOCl, followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Samples were sectioned and examined under SEM at apical levels. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test was performed. RESULTS The level of debris removal efficacy is as follows: Endovac > Endo-irrigator plus > Side-vented needle ~ Single-beveled needle. CONCLUSION Endovac showed the maximum number of debris removal and has better cleaning efficacy in the apical areas of the root canal, followed by Endo irrigator plus, Side-vented needle and Single-beveled needle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Srivastava
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Sanjeev Srivastava
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Rohit Grover
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ajay Paliwal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Effect of Gravity on Periapical Extrusion of Irrigating Solution With Different Irrigation Protocols in Immature Anterior Teeth. Eur Endod J 2020; 5:150-154. [PMID: 32766527 PMCID: PMC7398988 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2020.20592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Periapical extrusion is frequently observed during endodontic therapy. It can lead to acute injury of periapical tissues, resulting in interappointment pain or swelling. The effect is pronounced in teeth with immature teeth which are more susceptible to the extrusion of irrigant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gravity on apical extrusion of irrigating solution with different irrigation protocols in immature anterior teeth. Methods: An extracted maxillary central incisor was modified to simulate an open apex with an apical diameter of 1.3 mm and parallel canal walls. The tooth was subjected to a cone-beam computed tomographic scan, and the image data set was utilized to prepare 30 resin tooth models with a 3D printer. These resin teeth were used to form an open-ended Myers and Montgomery extrusion models. These were then randomly divided into two groups to simulate their orientation in the jaw during endodontic therapy, i.e., group I (maxillary arch, n=15) models fixed at 45° inclined plane and group II (mandibular arch, n=15) models placed at a plane parallel to the floor. Five models from each group (n=5) were tested by three different irrigation protocols: positive pressure (PP) Irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and negative pressure (NP) irrigation. The extruded irrigating solution was collected in glass vials, and the volume was measured. Results: The volume of extruded irrigating solution in groups I and II was compared using Mann–Whitney U-test. The median values for PP, PUI, and NP irrigation protocols were 0.6, 1, and 0 ml and 10, 10, and 0.5 ml for groups I and II, respectively. PP and PUI protocols were associated with significantly less extrusion in group I when compared to group II (P=0.004). There was no statistically significant difference in the volume of irrigating solution extruded in groups I and II (P=0.007) for NP irrigation protocol. Conclusion: Gravitation force has an influence on periapical extrusion of irrigant in immature permanent teeth irrespective of the irrigant system used. NP performed better when compared to PP or PUI irrigation protocol irrespective of the tooth orientation.
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Dioguardi M, Gioia GD, Illuzzi G, Laneve E, Cocco A, Troiano G. Endodontic irrigants: Different methods to improve efficacy and related problems. Eur J Dent 2019; 12:459-466. [PMID: 30147418 PMCID: PMC6089055 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_56_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Shaping and cleaning a root canal system along with the preservation of the surrounding periodontal tissues are the principal goals of an endodontic treatment. While most of the attention is paid to the mechanical aspects of a root canal treatment, an essential feature of it is the irrigation. All over the years, many materials have been used to clean the root canal of a tooth, and certainly, the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solutions are the most used and most reliable ones. Putting them inside of a canal is mostly done using a normal syringe, but many techniques have been involved in this process, including the use of sonic/ultrasonic instruments, the use of shaping files, and even laser, to increase the efficacy of irrigant solutions, especially of NaOCl one. Each one of this technique faces some disadvantages, just as the vapor lock effect and the apical extrusion, and has a different action on features such as the reaction rate and the shear stress of an endodontic irrigant solution. In this narrative review, we describe the different features of many irrigant solutions and the different ways of upgrading their efficacy in the cleaning of a root canal system, with the use of tables to summarize the entire description, and drawing the readers' attention to a photographic illustration for a better understanding of the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Gioia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Illuzzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - Enrica Laneve
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - Armando Cocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
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Guimarães LS, Gomes CC, Marceliano-Alves MF, Cunha RS, Provenzano JC, Siqueira JF. Preparation of Oval-shaped Canals with TRUShape and Reciproc Systems: A Micro–Computed Tomography Study Using Contralateral Premolars. J Endod 2017; 43:1018-1022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kumar VR, Bahuguna N, Manan R. Comparison of efficacy of various root canal irrigation systems in removal of smear layer generated at apical third: An SEM study. J Conserv Dent 2015; 18:252-6. [PMID: 26069415 PMCID: PMC4450535 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.157267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of different irrigation systems comparing irrigation with syringe and needle (Dispo Van), Max-I-Probe needle (Dentsply Maillefer), EndoActivator (Dentsply Maillefer), and EndoVac (Sybron Endo) in removing the smear layer generated at apical third. Materials and Methods: Instrumentation was done in 40 extracted premolars using different irrigation regimes (Group 1, saline and syringe; Group 2, Max-I-Probe needles with NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); Group 3, irrigant activation with EndoActivator using needlesNaOCl and EDTA; and Group 4, irrigation with EndoVac using needles NaOCl and EDTA). Statistical Analysis Used: The percentage of debris was seen with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Mann-Whitney test for significance. Results: The mean score ± standard deviation for the conventional group was 2.8 ± 0.42 with median value of 3.00 (2-3). The results for the Max-I-Probe needle group were 2.3 ± 0.48 with median value of 2.00 (2-3) The mean debris score for EndoActivator group were 0.8 ± 0.42 with median value of 1 (0-1). The mean debris score for EndoVac group were 0.4 ± 0.52 with median value of 1 (0-1). Conclusion: EndoVac and EndoActivator performed much better than other available systems in removing the smear layer from apical third. So they should be incorporated as a regular part of the irrigation regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Raj Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Studies And Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nikhil Bahuguna
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Studies And Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishi Manan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Studies And Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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