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Assaf A, Azer SS, Sfeir A, Al-Haj Husain N, Özcan M. Risk Factors with Porcelain Laminate Veneers Experienced during Cementation: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4932. [PMID: 37512206 PMCID: PMC10381715 DOI: 10.3390/ma16144932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The clinical success of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) depends on many clinical and technical factors, from planning to execution, among which adhesive cementation is of significant importance. This procedure carries many risk factors if not optimally executed. The objective of this study was to document the clinical parameters affecting successful cementation procedures with a focus on the adhesive strength, integrity, and esthetics of the PLVs. A literature search was conducted through MEDLINE, complemented by a hand search using predefined keywords. Articles published in English between 1995 and 2023 were selected. According to this review, the success and longevity of PLVs rely in great part on the implementation of a precise cementation technique, starting from field isolation, adequate materials selection for adhesion, proper manipulation of the materials, the seating of the veneers, polymerization, and elimination of the excess cement. Several clinical steps performed before cementation, including treatment planning, preparation, impression, and adequate choice of the restorative material, could affect the quality of cementation. Scientific evidence suggests careful implementation of this process to achieve predictable outcomes with PLVs. The short- and long-term clinical success of adhesively luted PLVs is tributary to a deep understanding of the materials used and the implementation of clinical protocols. It is also contingent upon all the previous steps from case selection, treatment planning, and execution until and after the cementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Assaf
- Faculty of Dentistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Shereen S Azer
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentisry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Nadin Al-Haj Husain
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Temel UB, Kam Hepdeniz O, Gulec A. Evaluation of the bonding effectiveness of a universal adhesive to the plasma-activated dentin surface. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12914. [PMID: 36617641 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma on the bond strength of a universal adhesive used in etch-and-rinse mode. Dentin surfaces were etched with phosphoric acid and samples were divided into groups exposed to either dry bonding, plasma-dried bonding, plasma-dried and rewetted bonding, or wet bonding (n = 10). Dentin surfaces of the plasma-dried specimens were treated with a plasma jet before the adhesive procedure. After application, composite blocks were built, and specimens were subjected to micro-tensile bond strength testing after 24 h and after 10,000 thermal cycles. The hybrid layer formation was evaluated by micro-Raman spectral analysis; the resin-dentin interface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison tests were used to statistically analyze the data. The bond strength values of the plasma-dried bonding groups were statistically higher than the non-plasma-treated groups both before and after aging. After the thermal cycles, bond strength values decreased significantly only in the wet bonding group. Micro-Raman spectral analysis revealed that plasma-drying increased adhesive penetration, especially hydrophobic monomer infiltration. This may increase the mechanical properties and durability of the resin-dentin interface, provide long-term stability, and improve the polymerization rate of the adhesive layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Burak Temel
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ozge Kam Hepdeniz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ali Gulec
- Faculty of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey
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Zubaidah N, Effendy R, Soetojo A, Estiyaningsih T, Tanzil MI, Khotimah K. Difference of Chemical Bonds Between UDMA Bonding Agents with Ethanol Solvent and Acetone Solvent on Dentin Collagen. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Han GJ, Kim JM, Cho BH, Hwang Y, Kim HY. Improved resin-to-dentin bond strength and durability via non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma drying of etched dentin. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 127:170-178. [PMID: 30537391 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the improvement in strength and durability of the bond between dentin and composite resins following plasma drying of the etched dentin surface using non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma. Plasma drying was applied to the etched dentin before applying adhesive. Conventional wet-bonding and helium (He) gas-dried bonding schemes were used as control groups. The bond strength of the composite resin to dentin was measured as the microtensile bond strength at 24 h after bonding and after 10,000 cycles of thermocycling. Hybrid layer formation was observed using micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Although the bond-strength values were not statistically different either at 24 h after bonding or after thermocycling, the bond strength of the plasma-dried bonding group was significantly higher than the conventional wet-bonding group and He gas-dried bonding group. Micro-Raman spectral analysis revealed effective penetration of the adhesive and an improved polymerization rate of the adhesive after plasma drying. Plasma drying increased the penetration of hydrophobic resin into the collagen mesh structure, which improved mechanical bonding and long-term durability between dentin and composite resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Jun Han
- Dental life Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Min Kim
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Technology-leading Open Platform for Dental Instrumentation, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong-Hoon Cho
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Technology-leading Open Platform for Dental Instrumentation, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunchan Hwang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Young Kim
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Usha C, Ramarao S, John BM, Rajesh P, Swatha S. Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Wet and Dry Enamel Using Dentin Bonding Agents Containing Various Solvents. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC41-ZC44. [PMID: 28274042 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/21097.9181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bonding of composite resin to dentin mandates a wet substrate whereas, enamel should be dry. This may not be easily achievable in intracoronal preparations where enamel and dentin are closely placed to each other. Therefore, Dentin Bonding Agents (DBA) are recommended for enamel and dentinal bonding, where enamel is also left moist. A research question was raised if the "enamel-only" preparations will also benefit from wet enamel bonding and contemporary DBA. AIM The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths of composite resin, bonded to dry and wet enamel using fifth generation DBA (etch and rinse system) containing various solvents such as ethanol/water, acetone and ethanol. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crowns of 120 maxillary premolars were split into buccal and lingual halves. They were randomly allocated into four groups of DBA: Group 1-water/ethanol based, Group 2-acetone based, Group 3-ethanol based, Group 4-universal bonding agent (control group). The buccal halves and lingual halves were bonded using the wet bonding and dry bonding technique respectively. After application of the DBAs and composite resin build up, shear bond strength testing was done. RESULTS Group 1 (ethanol/water based ESPE 3M, Adper Single Bond) showed highest bond strength of (23.15 MPa) in dry enamel. Group 2 (acetone based Denstply, Prime and Bond NT, showed equal bond strength in wet and dry enamel condition (18.87 MPa and 18.02 MPa respectively). CONCLUSION Dry enamel bonding and ethanol/water based etch and rinse DBA can be recommended for "enamel-only" tooth preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carounanidy Usha
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences , Puducherry, India
| | - Sathyanarayanan Ramarao
- Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences , Puducherry, India
| | - Bindu Meera John
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences , Puducherry, India
| | - Praveen Rajesh
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences , Puducherry, India
| | - S Swatha
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences , Puducherry, India
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Irmak Ö, Baltacıoğlu İH, Ulusoy N, Bağış YH. Solvent type influences bond strength to air or blot-dried dentin. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:77. [PMID: 27549333 PMCID: PMC4994181 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air-drying of etched and rinsed dentin surface may force the exposed collagen fibrils to collapse. Blot-drying is an alternative method to wipe the excess water from the dentin surface without compromising the monomer penetration. Contemporary total etch adhesives contain ethanol/water or acetone as solvent in which resin monomers are dissolved. Solvent type of the adhesive system has an important role in bonding to dentin. An adhesive containing tertiary butanol as an alternative solvent has been in the market. Purpose of this study is to determine the shear bond strengths of three total-etch adhesives with different solvents (acetone, ethanol or tertiary butanol) applied to air or blot dried moist dentin. Methods Sixty extracted non-carious human third molars were divided into three main groups according to solvent content of the adhesives [acetone based - One Step (OS, Bisco, IL, USA); ethanol/water based - Optibond Solo Plus (OB, Kerr, CA, USA); and tertiary butanol based - XP Bond (XP, Caulk/Dentsply, DE, USA)]. Each main group was divided into two groups according to drying methods (blot or air) (n = 10). Shear bond strengths (SBS) were measured. Data were analyzed by Student’s t test and Tukey HSD test (p < 0,05). Results XP showed highest SBS values in both drying methods applied (p < 0.05). Drying method did not influence the SBS in OS and OB (p > 0.05). XP-blot produced significantly higher SBS than XP-air (p < 0.05). Conclusions Tertiary butanol based adhesive showed higher bond strength values than ethanol or acetone based adhesives. Blot drying of dentin improved the bond strength values of tertiary butanol based adhesive. Further research is necessary to determine in vivo and in vitro performance of tertiary butanol based adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Irmak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - İsmail Hakkı Baltacıoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuran Ulusoy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, ZIP: 99138, Nicosia/TRNC Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Yıldırım Hakan Bağış
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
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Venigalla BS, Jyothi P, Kamishetty S, Reddy S, Cherukupalli RC, Reddy DA. Resin bond strength to water versus ethanol-saturated human dentin pretreated with three different cross-linking agents. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:555-559. [PMID: 27994318 PMCID: PMC5146772 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.194019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Resin-dentin bonds are unstable owing to hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation. Several approaches such as collagen cross-linking and ethanol-wet bonding (EWB) have been developed to overcome this problem. Collagen cross-linking improves the intrinsic properties of the collagen matrix. However, it leaves a water-rich collagen matrix with incomplete resin infiltration making it susceptible to fatigue degradation. Since EWB is expected to overcome the drawbacks of water-wet bonding (WWB), a combination of collagen cross-linking with EWB was tested. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of pretreatment with different cross-linking agents such as ultraviolet A (UVA)-activated 0.1% riboflavin, 1 M carbodiimide, and 6.5 wt% proanthocyanidin on the immediate and long-term bond strengths of an etch and rinse adhesive system to water- versus ethanol-saturated dentin within clinically relevant application time periods. Settings and Design: Long-term in vitro study evaluating the microtensile bond strength of adhesive-dentin interface after different surface pretreatments. Subjects and Methods: Eighty freshly extracted human molars were prepared to expose dentin, etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s rinsed, and grouped randomly. They were blot-dried and pretreated with different cross-linkers: 0.1% riboflavin for 2 min followed by UVA activation for 2 min; 1 M carbodiimide for 2 min; 6.5 wt% proanthocyanidin for 2 min and rinsed. They were then bonded with Adper Single Bond Adhesive (3M ESPE), by either WWB or EWB, followed by resin composite build-ups (Filtek Z350, 3M ESPE). Bonded specimens in each group were then sectioned and divided into two halves. Microtensile bond strength was tested in one half after 24 h and the other after 6 months storage in artificial saliva. Statistical Analysis Used: Analysis was done using SPSS version 18 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Intergroup comparison of bond strength was done using ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's test, and intragroup comparison was done using paired t-test. Results: The microtensile bond strength of cross-linked groups was higher compared to control group (P < 0.001). EWB showed much higher bond strength values on cross-linked dentin compared to noncross-linked dentin. UVA-activated riboflavin group exhibited highest bond strengths followed by carbodiimide and proanthocyanidin groups, respectively, on both water- as well as ethanol-saturated dentin. Even after 6 months storage, cross-linked groups showed significantly higher values compared to initial bond strength values of control group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: 0.1% riboflavin pretreatment of dentin followed by UVA activation for 2 min exhibited highest increase in bond strength values at 24 h and least reduction in bond strength values after 6 months storage compared to other groups. Biomodification of dentin using collagen cross-linking followed by EWB exhibited a synergistic effect in improving the resin-dentin bond durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvan Shome Venigalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pinnamreddy Jyothi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, India
| | - Shekhar Kamishetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Smitha Reddy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ravi Chandra Cherukupalli
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Depa Arun Reddy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guru Govind Singh College of Dental Sciences, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Singh TV, Patil JP, Raju RC, Venigalla BS, Jyotsna SV, Bhutani N. Comparison of Effect of C-Factor on Bond Strength to Human Dentin Using Different Composite Resin Materials. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZC88-91. [PMID: 26436056 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/14026.6384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was planned to assess the use of low shrinkage composites for restoring cavities with high configuration factor (C-factor) which are subjected to high stresses. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of C- factor on tensile bond strength to human dentin using methacrylate based nanohybrid and low shrinkage silorane composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study 40 non carious human molar teeth were selected and assigned into two main groups - cavity (Class I cavity with high C-factor) and flat group (flat surface with low C-factor). Two different composite materials- methacrylate based and silorane low shrinkage composite were used to restore the teeth. Dentin surface was treated, adhesive application was done and composite was applied as per manufacturer's instructions. Samples were stored in distilled water then subjected to tensile bond strength measurement using universal testing machine. RESULTS Statistical analysis was done using Independent sample t-test. The mean bond strength in methacrylate based and silorane composite was significantly higher in flat preparation (Low C-factor) than cavity preparation. The mean bond strength in both cavity (High C-factor) and flat preparation(Low C-factor) was significantly higher in silorane than in conventional methacrylate based composite. CONCLUSION The bond strength of composites to dentin is strongly influenced by C-factor and type of composite resin material used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thakur Veerandar Singh
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Vikarabad, India
| | - Jaya Prakash Patil
- Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, PMNM Dental College , Bagalkot, India
| | - Rvs Chakradhar Raju
- Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Balaji Dental College , Moinabad, India
| | - Bhuvan Shome Venigalla
- Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Vikarabad, India
| | - S V Jyotsna
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Vikarabad, India
| | - Neha Bhutani
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Vikarabad, India
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Tedesco TK, Calvo AFB, Domingues GG, Mendes FM, Raggio DP. Bond Strength of High-Viscosity Glass Ionomer Cements is Affected by Tubular Density and Location in Dentin? MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:849-854. [PMID: 26137917 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615013021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of tubular density of different dentin depths and location on the bond strength of high-viscosity glass ionomer cements (GIC). A total of 20 molars were selected and assigned into six experimental groups, considering two different high-viscosity GICs-Fuji IX (FIX) or Ketac Molar (KM), and dentin location-proximal, occlusal superficial, or occlusal deep dentin (n=10). Teeth were cut and a topographical analysis of four sections per group was performed to obtain data about the tubular density of each different dentin location and depths by laser scanning confocal microscopy (100×). Polyethylene tubes were placed over the pretreated surfaces and filled with one of the GICs. Microshear bond strength (µSBS) test was performed after storage in distilled water (24 h at 37°C). Failure modes were evaluated using a stereomicroscope (400×). Multilevel regression analysis was performed to compare the results at a significance level set at 5%. The tubule density was inversely proportional to the bond strength for both GICs (p<0.05). Adhesive/mixed failure prevailed in all experimental groups. Proximal (30036.5±3433.3) and occlusal superficial 29665.3±1434.04 dentin shows lower tubule density, resulting in a better GIC bonding performance (proximal: FIX-3.61±1.05; KM-3.40±1.62; occlusal superficial: FIX-4.70±1.85; KM-4.97±1.25). Thus, we can concluded that the lowest tubule density in proximal and occlusal superficial dentin results in a better GIC bond strength performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara K Tedesco
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry,School of Dentistry,University of São Paulo,São Paulo 05508-000,Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia B Calvo
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry,School of Dentistry,University of São Paulo,São Paulo 05508-000,Brazil
| | - Gabrielle G Domingues
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry,School of Dentistry,University of São Paulo,São Paulo 05508-000,Brazil
| | - Fausto M Mendes
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry,School of Dentistry,University of São Paulo,São Paulo 05508-000,Brazil
| | - Daniela P Raggio
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry,School of Dentistry,University of São Paulo,São Paulo 05508-000,Brazil
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Pupo YM, Michél MD, Gomes OMM, Lepienski CM, Gomes JC. Effect of the regional variability of dentinal substrate and modes of application of adhesive systems on the mechanical properties of the adhesive layer. J Conserv Dent 2012; 15:132-6. [PMID: 22557810 PMCID: PMC3339006 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.94580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study assessed the effect of the dentin depth and the application mode on the hardness and elastic modulus of the adhesive layer. Materials and Methods: Occlusal surfaces of 48 caries-free human third molars were removed, at two levels: Superficial and deep dentin. For each type of surface, the test specimens were randomly divided into groups which underwent the application: A conventional two-step adhesive system (Adper™ Single Bond [SB]) and self-etch adhesives system (Adper™ SE Plus [SE] and AdheSE® [AD]). The adhesives applied were active or passive. Composite build-ups were constructed incrementally. The teeth were sectioned, embedded, and polished. The nanoindentation test was performed in the adhesive layer. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: In the adhesive layer, the higher hardness (0.307 ± 0.006 GPa) and elastic modulus (4.796 ± 0.165 GPa) of SE were obtained in superficial dentin in passive application. The elastic modulus of SE (4.115 ± 0.098 GPa) was lowest in active application in superficial dentin. The active application significantly increased the hardness of the SB in the deep dentin (0.011 ± 0.314 GPa) compared the superficial dentin (0.280 ± 0.010 GPa). For the AD, only the mode of application was statistically significant (P=0.0041) for the hardness, active application (0.289 ± 0.015 GPa) being higher than passive application (0.261 ± 0.013 GPa) (P=0.0042) in deep dentin. Conclusion: The experimental results reveal that the mechanical properties were influenced for the application mode of adhesive systems and dentin depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Mendes Pupo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
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