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Adedokun MA, Enye LA, Akinluyi ET, Ajibola TA, Edem EE. Black seed oil reverses chronic antibiotic-mediated depression and social behaviour deficits via modulation of hypothalamic mitochondrial-dependent markers and insulin expression. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:267-279. [PMID: 38379607 PMCID: PMC10876594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic antibiotic use has been reported to impair mitochondrial indices, hypothalamus-mediated metabolic function, and amygdala-regulated emotional processes. Natural substances such as black seed (Nigella sativa) oil could be beneficial in mitigating these impairments. This study aimed to assess the impact of black seed oil (NSO) on depression and sociability indices, redox imbalance, mitochondrial-dependent markers, and insulin expression in mice subjected to chronic ampicillin exposure. Forty adult male BALB/c mice (30 ± 2 g) were divided into five groups: the CTRL group received normal saline, the ABT group received ampicillin, the NSO group received black seed oil, the ABT/NSO group concurrently received ampicillin and black seed oil, and the ABT+NSO group experienced pre-exposure to ampicillin followed by subsequent treatment with black seed oil. The ampicillin-exposed group exhibited depressive-like behaviours, impaired social interactive behaviours, and disruptions in mitochondrial-dependent markers in plasma and hypothalamic tissues, accompanied by an imbalance in antioxidant levels. Moreover, chronic antibiotic exposure downregulated insulin expression in the hypothalamus. However, these impairments were significantly ameliorated in the ABT/NSO, and ABT+NSO groups compared to the untreated antibiotic-exposed group. Overall, findings from this study suggest the beneficial role of NSO as an adjuvant therapy in preventing and abrogating mood behavioural and neural-metabolic impairments of chronic antibiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb Adekunle Adedokun
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Linus Anderson Enye
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Toheeb Adesumbo Ajibola
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Edem Ekpenyong Edem
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Tender T, Rahangdale RR, Nampoothiri M, Raychaudhuri R, Mutalik S, Sharma K, Chandrashekar H R. Revamped mini-αA-crystallin showed improved skin permeation and therapeutic activity against melittin-induced toxicity. Toxicon 2024; 239:107611. [PMID: 38211805 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Melittin is honey bee venom's primary and most toxic pharmacologically active component. Melittin causes haemolysis, lymphocyte lysis, long-term pain, localised inflammation followed by rhabdomyolysis, and severe renal failure. Renal failure or cardiovascular complications could lead to the victim's death. Severe honey bee bites are treated with general medication involving antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic drugs, as a specific treatment option is unavailable. An earlier study showed the anti-hemolysis and anti-lymphocyte lysis activity of mini- αA-crystallin (MAC), a peptide derived from human eye lens alpha-crystallin. MAC's use has often been restricted despite its high therapeutic potential due to its poor skin permeability. This study compared the skin permeation, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of natural peptide MAC and its modified version (MAC-GRD) formed by attaching cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) and GRD amino residues into MAC. Gel formulations were prepared for MAC and MAC-GRD peptides using carbopol (1% w/w), Tween 80 (1%), and ethanol (10%). An ex-vivo skin permeation study was performed using a vertical-type Franz diffusion apparatus. Preclinical in-vivo experiments were conducted to compare the native and modified peptide formulations against melittin-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. MAC gel, MAC-GRD gel and 1% hydrocortisone cream significantly reduced the melittin-induced writhing (20.16 ± 0.792) response in rats with 15.16 ± 0.47, 11.16 ± 0.477 and 12.66 ± 0.66 wriths, respectively. There was a significant reduction in melittin-induced inflammation when MAC-GRD gel was applied immediately after melittin administration. At 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 h, the MAC-GRD-treated rat paws were 0.9 ± 0.043 mm, 0.750 ± 0.037 mm, 0.167 ± 0.0070 mm, and 0.133 ± 0.031 mm thick. Administration of melittin resulted in reduced GSH (antioxidant) levels (47.33 ± 0.760 μg/mg). However, treatment with MAC-GRD gel (71.167 ± 0.601 μg/mg), MAC gel (65.167 ± 1.138 μg/mg), and 1% hydrocortisone (68.33 ± 0.667 μg/mg) significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme levels. MAC-GRD gel significantly reduced the elevated MDA levels (6.933 ± 0.049 nmol/mg) compared to the melittin group (12.533 ± 0.126 nmol/mg), followed by the 1% hydrocortisone (7.367 ± 0.049 nmol/mg) and MAC gel (7.917 ± 0.048 nmol/mg). MAC-GRD demonstrated more skin permeability and superior anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities when compared to MAC gel. When compared to standard 1% hydrocortisone cream, MAC-GRD had better anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and comparable action in anti-oxidant restoration against melittin. These findings suggest that the developed MAC-GRD gel formulation could help to treat severe cases of honey bee stings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Tender
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Rakesh Ravishankar Rahangdale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Ruchira Raychaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, United States
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar H
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Scioli MG, Fabbri G, Cappelli S, Savino L, Ferlosio A, Orlandi A. A high-performance xylene-free tissue-clearing agent for routine histology: Preliminary histomorphological results. Ann Diagn Pathol 2023; 66:152163. [PMID: 37301104 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2023.152163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
After the discovery of the hazardous effects of xylene, less toxic substitutes were proposed for routine histology in the last years. However, the introduction of new xylene-free substitutes in histological processes requires a careful evaluation of their performance in terms of morphological and microscopic details to permit a solid diagnosis as well as good quality immunohistochemical and biomolecular analyses. In this study, we analyzed the performance of a new commercially available xylene-free Tissue-Tek® Tissue-Clear® agent in comparison with another routine xylene-free solvent yet available and employed in routine histological process. Serial histological tissue samples (n = 300) were selected and processed with the two clearing agents. Comparison and evaluation were also performed on slides obtained 6 months after paraffin embedding and archive storage. Blinded semiquantitative analysis of technical performance and morphological details, including tissue architecture and nuclear and cytoplasmic details, was performed on Haematoxylin-Eosin stained sections by two technicians and two pathologists, respectively. Evaluation of tissue slides documented a good overall histological performance in slides obtained after processing with the two different clearing agents. Slides obtained with Tissue-Tek® Tissue-Clear® displayed a higher score in some quality parameters, further supporting its use as a valid alternative to the other commercial routine xylene-free solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
| | - Giulia Fabbri
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Sabrina Cappelli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Luca Savino
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Amedeo Ferlosio
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
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He J, Kang D, Shen T, Zheng L, Zhan Z, Xi G, Ren W, Chen Z, Qiu L, Xu S, Li L, Chen J. Label-free detection of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast using multiphoton microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200224. [PMID: 36251459 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast (IMPC) is a rare form of breast cancer with unique histological features, and is associated with high axillary lymph node metastasis and poor clinical prognosis. Thus, IMPC should be diagnosed in time to improve the treatment and management of patients. In this study, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is used to label-free visualize the morphological features of IMPC. Our results demonstrate that MPM images are well in agreement with hematoxylin and eosin staining and epithelial membrane antigen staining, indicating MPM is comparable to traditional histological analysis in identifying the tissue structure and cell morphology. Statistical analysis shows significant differences in the circumference and area of the glandular lumen and cancer nest between the different IMPC cell clusters with complete glandular lumen morphology, and also shows difference in collagen length, width, and orientation, indicating the invasive ability of different morphologies of IMPC may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia He
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deyong Kang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingfeng Shen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liqin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gangqin Xi
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjiao Ren
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lida Qiu
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuoyu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Bansal D, Kamboj M, Narwal A, Devi A, Marwah N. Interplay of collagen and mast cells in periapical granulomas and periapical cysts: a comparative polarizing microscopic and immunohistochemical study. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e12. [PMID: 35284324 PMCID: PMC8891460 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This pilot study aimed to establish the interrelationship between collagen and mast cells in periapical granulomas and periapical cysts. Materials and Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on the paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 68 specimens (34 periapical granulomas and 34 periapical cysts). The specimens were stained with picrosirius to observe collagen fiber birefringence and anti-tryptase antibody to evaluate the mast cell count immunohistochemically. The mean number and birefringence of collagen fibers, as well as the mean number of mast cells (total, granulated, and degranulated), and the mean inflammatory cell density were calculated. The data obtained were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation test (p < 0.05). Results The mean number of thick collagen fibers was higher in periapical cysts, while that of thin fibers was higher in granulomas (p = 0.00). Cysts emitted orange-yellow to red birefringence, whereas periapical granulomas had predominantly green fibers (p = 0.00). The mean inflammatory cell density was comparable in all groups (p = 0.129). The number of total, degranulated, and granulated mast cells exhibited significant results (p = 0.00) in both groups. Thick cyst fibers showed significant inverse correlations with inflammation and degranulated mast cells (p = 0.041, 0.04 respectively). Conclusions Mast cells and inflammatory cells influenced the nature of collagen fiber formation and its birefringence. This finding may assist in the prediction of the nature, pathogenesis, and biological behavior of periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepty Bansal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Mala Kamboj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Anjali Narwal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Anju Devi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Nisha Marwah
- Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pt B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
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Thamilselvan S, Sherlin HJ, Jayaraj G, Don KR, Santhanam A. Cedarwood oil as an alternative to xylene as a clearing agent in histopathological tissue processing - A comparative study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:299-305. [PMID: 34703125 PMCID: PMC8491330 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.325232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clearing in histopathological tissue processing should be able to make the tissues translucent and clear for the tissues to be visible under light microscopy and should render the clearing agent to be miscible with the dehydrant and the impregnation wax in the preceding and following processing steps. Xylene is a gold standard clearing agent but increasing concerns about the potential carcinogenicity, implementing eco-friendly agents in routine histopathology is necessary. Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the clearing ability of Cedarwood oil as an alternative to Xylene in routine tissue processing. Materials & Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. Formalin fixed 50 tissue samples of size 3-7mm were taken and subsequent dehydration done with acetone and alcohol. The dehydrated tissue is later processed using 90ml of Cedarwood oil with few drops of Xylene and Thymol. After clearing the tissues were subjected to impregnation and embedded in paraffin wax, later which sections were made and stained using H & E stain. Results: The results of our study on comparison showed better outcome in tissues processed with cedarwood oil than xylene. Statistical Significant correlation was observed in nuclear staining (p value = 0.001) ; cytoplasmic staining (p value = 0.08) and background staining ( p value = 0.045) indicating a positive results on using cedarwood oil as clearing agent. Conclusion: The cedarwood oil can be considered as a safer natural alternative to xylene in laboratories. The cedarwood oil is eco - friendly and easily available with enhanced tissue processing qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snega Thamilselvan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Herald J Sherlin
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gifrina Jayaraj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K R Don
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Archana Santhanam
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Farahtaj F, Gholami A, Khosravy MS, Gharibzadeh S, Niknam HM, Ghaemi A. Enhancement of immune responses by co-stimulation of TLR3 - TLR7 agonists as a potential therapeutics against rabies in mouse model. Microb Pathog 2021; 157:104971. [PMID: 34029660 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is always fatal, when post-exposure prophylaxis is administered after the onset of clinical symptoms. To date, there is no effective treatment of rabies once clinical symptoms has initiated. Therefore, we aimed to provide evidences which indicate the promising effects of combination treatment with TLR agonists following rabies infection. Four groups of rabies infected-mice (10-mice/group) were treated with PolyI:C 50 μg (a TLR3 agonist), Imiquimod50 μg (a TLR7 agonist), (Poly + Imi)25 μg and (Poly + Imi)50 μg respectively. The immune responses in each experimental groups were investigated in the brain through evaluation of GFAP, MAP2, CD4, HSP70, TLR3, TLR7 and apoptotic cell expression as well as determination of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-4, levels. The treatment with combination of agonists (Poly + Imi)50 μg/mouse resulted a 75% decrease of mortality rate and better extended survival time following street rabies virus infection. Higher number of CD4+T cells, TLR3 and TLR7 expression in the brain parenchyma observed in the groups receiving both combined agonist therapies at the levels of 25 μg and 50 μg. In spite of decreased number of neuronal cell, significant higher number of astrocytes was shown in the group given (Poly + Imi)25 μg. The obtained results also pointed to the dramatic decrease of HSP70 expression in all groups of infected mice whereas higher number of apoptotic cells and Caspase 8 expression were recorded in (Poly + Imi)25 μg treated group. Furthermore, the cytokine profile consisting the increased levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4 revealed that both humoral and cellular responses were highly modulated in combination therapy of 50 μg of Imiquimod and Poly I:C. Reduced viral load as quantified by real-time PCR of rabies N gene expression in the brain also correlated with the better survival of agonist-treated groups of mice. Based on obtained results, we have presented evidences of beneficial utilization of combined agonist therapy composed of TLR3/TLR7 ligands. This treatment regimen extended survival of infected mice and decreased significantly their mortality rate. We believe that the results of synergy-inducing protection of both TLR3/TLR7 agonists lead to the enhancement of innate immune responses cells residing in the CNS which warrant the studies to further understanding of crosstalk mechanisms in cellular immunity against rabies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firouzeh Farahtaj
- Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Gholami
- Viral Vaccine Production, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Safoora Gharibzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging of Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang R, Alvarez DA, Crouch BT, Pilani A, Lam C, Zhu C, Hughes P, Katz D, Haystead T, Ramanujam N. Understanding the sources of errors in ex vivo Hsp90 molecular imaging for rapid-on-site breast cancer diagnosis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2299-2311. [PMID: 33996230 PMCID: PMC8086448 DOI: 10.1364/boe.418818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) on the surface of breast cancer cells makes it an attractive molecular biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis. Before a ubiquitous diagnostic method can be established, an understanding of the systematic errors in Hsp90-based imaging is essential. In this study, we investigated three factors that may influence the sensitivity of ex vivo Hsp90 molecular imaging: time-dependent tissue viability, nonspecific diffusion of an Hsp90 specific probe (HS-27), and contact-based imaging. These three factors will be important considerations when designing any diagnostic imaging strategy based on fluorescence imaging of a molecular target on tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujia Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Daniel A. Alvarez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Brian T. Crouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Aditi Pilani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Christopher Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Caigang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Currently at Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506, USA
| | - Philip Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - David Katz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Timothy Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Nirmala Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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9
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AlFaris NA, Alshammari GM, AlTamimi JZ, AlMousa LA, AlKehayez NM, Aljabryn DH, Alagal RI, Yahya MA. The protective effect of shrimp cooked in different methods on high-cholesterol- induced fatty liver in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:170-182. [PMID: 33424294 PMCID: PMC7783650 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the impact of different cooking methods on fatty acid (FAs) composition of shrimp meat and the ability of these foods to protect against high cholesterol (HC) diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. Shrimp were cooked for 10 min boiled, grilled, or fried in sunflower oil. Rats (n = 6/group) were fed a normal diet (ND)or high-cholesterol diet (HC) each containing boiled, grilled or fried shrimp powder (15% w/w) (NDBS, NDFS, NDGS for ND or HCBS, HCFS, HCDGS for HC diet). Frying alone significantly reduced total levels of saturated FAs (SFA) and increased total mono- and polyunsaturated FAs (MSFA, and PUFAs, respectively) in shrimp meat. It also increased levels of n-6 PUFAs and linoleic acid (LA) and decreased levels of n-3 PUFAs including eicosapentaenoic FAs (EPA) and docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA). When fed to HC rats, only diets containing the grilled and boiled shrimp powders significantly prevented the weight loss, lowered fasting and glucose levels, improved glucose and insulin tolerance, and prevented the increase in serum liver markers, ALT and AST. They also reduced hepatic fat accumulation, reduced serum levels and hepatic levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (TGs), reduced hepatic levels of MDA, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6, and increased those of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). No alterations in all these parameters were observed in HC-fed rats which fed fried shrimp. In conclusion, boiling and grilling but not frying are the best method to cook shrimp to preserve their fatty acid content and its nutritional value in ameliorating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A AlFaris
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jozaa Z AlTamimi
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain A AlMousa
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora M AlKehayez
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal H Aljabryn
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I Alagal
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Prema V, Prasad H, Srichinthu KK, Kumar SS, Rajkumar K, Marudhamani C. Biofriendly Substitutes for Xylene in Deparaffinization. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S623-S630. [PMID: 33149532 PMCID: PMC7595545 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_164_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is routinely used in histopathological laboratories. It is biohazardous and produces many toxic effects like carcinogenesis. A safer substitute for xylene is necessary to minimize its usage. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 1.7% dishwashing solution, 95% lemon water, and 100% coconut oil when compared to xylene as a deparaffinizing agent during hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Materials and Methods Fifteen paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were selected. Four sections were made from each block. One section was stained with conventional H&E method using xylene (group A) as deparaffinizing agent and other three sections were stained with xylene-free H&E method using 1.7% dishwashing solution (group B), 95% lemon water (group C), and 100% coconut oil (group D), respectively. Slides were scored blindly by a single pathologist considering the parameters such as nuclear and cytoplasmic staining; uniformity, clarity, and crispness of staining; and presence or absence of wax retention. Results Adequate nuclear staining was noted in 100% of sections of groups A, B, C, and D (P < 0.001), whereas adequate cytoplasmic staining was noted in 93.33% each in groups A, C, and D when compared with 100% in group B (P > 0.05). Uniform staining was present in 80% of groups A and B and in 73.33% of groups C and D (P > 0.05). Clarity of staining was present in 86.66% of groups A and B and in 80% of groups C and D (P > 0.05), whereas crispness of staining was seen in 73.33% of groups A and D, 86.66% of group B, and 80% of group C (P > 0.05). Wax retention was noted in 20% of groups A and B, and 26.66% of groups C and D (P > 0.05). Adequate staining for diagnosis was noted in 100% of group A sections followed by 93.33% in group B, 86.66% in group C, and 80% in group D as compared with 90% in group B (P > 0.05). Conclusion Dishwashing solution, lemon water, and coconut oil can be used as safer and cost-effective substitutes to xylene for deparaffinization in H&E staining procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Prema
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harikrishnan Prasad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kenniyan Kumar Srichinthu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Singaravelu Suresh Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Rajkumar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chinnannan Marudhamani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
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Alwahaibi NY, Aldughaishi SH. A substitute to xylene in deparaffinization and clearing prior to coverslipping in histopathology. J Lab Physicians 2020; 11:118-122. [PMID: 31160849 PMCID: PMC6543946 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_169_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Deparaffinization and clearing prior to coverslipping are important steps in all staining methods in histopathology. Xylene is the most commonly used agent worldwide. However, xylene is toxic. We evaluated safer alternative dewaxing and clearing agents prior to coverslipping in a histopathology laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen different fresh surgical tissues were cut into two halves. One half processed using xylene and the other half processed using UltraClear™. Five groups were designed. For each Group of A, B, C, and D, 100 slides were cut from xylene-processed blocks. For Group E, 100 slides were cut from UltraClear™-processed blocks. Group A is the standard method. Group B evaluates UltraClear™ as a dewaxing agent only. Group C evaluates UltraClear™ as a clearing agent prior to coverslipping only. Group D evaluates UltraClear™ as both dewaxing and clearing agents prior to coverslipping. Group E evaluates UltraClear™ as both dewaxing and clearing agents prior to coverslipping. Six parameters were evaluated: nuclear staining, cytoplasmic staining, cell morphology, clarity of staining, uniformity of staining, and cost. RESULTS: Groups B, C, and D showed 79% (P = 0.054), 83% (P = 0.221), and 80% (P = 0.079) adequacy when compared with Group A (89%), respectively. However, Group E showed only 76% (P = 0.016) adequacy. UltraClear™ is more expensive than xylene. CONCLUSION: UltraClear™ is a promising dewaxing agent. It is also a good clearing agent for use prior to coverslipping in histopathology laboratory. Cost-benefit balance between safety of laboratory workers, good quality staining, and cost-effective strategy needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasar Yousuf Alwahaibi
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sirin Hamed Aldughaishi
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Dineshshankar J, Saranya M, Tamilthangam P, Swathiraman J, Shanmathee K, Preethi R. Kerosene as an Alternative to Xylene in Histopathological Tissue Processing and Staining: An Experimental Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2019; 11:S376-S379. [PMID: 31198372 PMCID: PMC6555370 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_38_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional tissue processing is as old as 100 years and still remains the gold standard. Tissue processing involves many steps, of which one of the important steps is clearing. Xylene is one of the common clearing agents used in laboratory, but it is carcinogenic and teratogenic. Aim The aim of this study was to substitute conventionally used xylene with kerosene in tissue processing and staining. Materials and Methods Thirty bits of chicken tissue samples were collected; each was randomly separated into two groups: tissue processing and staining. Instead of conventional xylene, we used kerosene. The tissue blocks were subjected to sectioning and staining, and finally, they were observed under light microscope. Results Tissue samples that were processed and cleared with kerosene showed equal clearing and staining without any alterations of the tissue morphology and cellular details with that of xylene. Conclusion Kerosene can be used as a substitute to xylene without posing any health risk or compromising the cellular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janardhanam Dineshshankar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Saranya
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Periyasamy Tamilthangam
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyaraman Swathiraman
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumaravel Shanmathee
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravichandran Preethi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shah AA, Kulkarni D, Ingale Y, Koshy AV, Bhagalia S, Bomble N. Kerosene: Contributing agent to xylene as a clearing agent in tissue processing. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018; 21:367-374. [PMID: 29391710 PMCID: PMC5763858 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_14_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research methodology in oral and maxillofacial pathology has illimitable potential. The tissue processing involves many steps of which one of the most important step is "Clearing," which is a process of replacing dehydrant with a substance which is miscible with embedding medium or paraffin wax. Xylene is one of the common clearing agents used in laboratory, but it is also hazardous. The main aim of this study is to substitute conventionally used xylene by a mixture of kerosene and xylene in clearing steps without altering the morphology and staining characteristics of tissue sections. This will also minimize the toxic effects and tend to be more economical. Materials and Methods One hundred and twenty bits of tissue samples were collected, each randomly separated into 4 groups (A, B, C and D) and kept for routine tissue processing till the step of clearing; during the step of clearing instead of conventional xylene, we used mixture of xylene and kerosene in 4 ratios ([A-K:X - 50:50]; [B-K:X - 70:30]; [C - Ab. Kerosene]; [D - Ab. Xylene - as control]) and observed for the light microscopic study adopting H and E staining, IHC (D2-40), Special stains (periodic acid-Schiff and congo red) procedure. The result was subjected to statistical analysis by using Fisher's exact test. Results The results obtained from the present study were compared with control group, i.e., D and it was observed that Groups A and B were absolutely cleared without altering the morphology of tissue and cellular details; optimum embedding characteristics and better staining characteristics were also noted, whereas Group C presents poor staining characteristics with reduced cellular details. Embedded tissues in Group C presented with rough, irregular surface and also appeared shrunken. Conclusion Combined mixture of xylene and kerosene as a clearing agent in different ratio, i.e., Group A (K:X - 50:50) and B (K:X - 70:30) can be used without posing any health risk or compromising the cellular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amisha Ashokkumar Shah
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Dinraj Kulkarni
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Yashwant Ingale
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Ajit V Koshy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Bhagalia
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Rural Dental College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, India
| | - Nikhil Bomble
- Late Shri Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Medical and Rural Development Foundation Dental College and Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
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Li C, Chen T. A novel hematoxylin and eosin stain assay for detection of the parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 62:30-36. [PMID: 28118890 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya infects broad range of marine organisms. Particularly, Amoebophrya infections in planktonic dinoflagellates can prevent or delay the formation of algal blooms, and recycle undergrazed planktonic dinoflagellates back to the microbial loop by disrupting host cells. Its ecological significance was gradually recognized along with the discovery of its enormous molecular diversity in oceanic and coastal ecosystems. Thus, we developed a reliable, easily accessible and less time-consuming assay, to detect and assess Amoebophrya infections in planktonic dinoflagellates. The modified hematoxylin and eosin staining assay provided reliable diagnosis of Amoebophrya infection by identifying the characteristic "beehive" of the multinucleate trophonts. After staining, the typical multinucleate "beehive" is evidently distinguishable from the compact nuclei of uninfected host cells. The modified hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining assay is easy to use, that can be routinely performed within 3h (up to 20 samples/batch) using general laboratory equipment, supplies and chemical reagents. The produced slides with agar-embedded dinoflagellate cells can be stored for several months or even years in a dry place without noticeable loss in quality of staining. With suitable calculation, the modified H & E assay can be applied to assess the prevalence of Amoebophrya infection in planktonic dinoflagellates. This efficient and powerful assay will facilitate the investigation on the ecological roles of Amoebophryidae in coastal and oceanic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China.
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10039, China
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Lalwani V, Surekha R, Vanishree M, Koneru A, Hunasgi S, Ravikumar S. Honey as an alternative fixative for oral tissue: An evaluation of processed and unprocessed honey. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 19:342-7. [PMID: 26980963 PMCID: PMC4774288 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.174641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fixation is the most imperative step in the practice of diagnostic histopathology, which is intimately linked to 10% formalin. As a result of increasing concerns about the potential carcinogenicity of the formaldehyde, attempt to find safer alternatives is necessary. Honey has been shown to possess antimicrobial, antiviral and antimutagenic properties. Many studies have reported that honey possesses dehydrating and preserving effects also. Aims and Objectives: To study the fixative properties of processed and unprocessed honey in oral tissues followed by comparision with formalin. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 12 different tissues. Each tissue was cut into 3 segments and were immediately fixed in bottles containing 10% unprocessed honey, 10% processed honey and 10% formalin, respectively, for 24 h at room temperature. After fixation, tissues were processed using the routine standard processing protocol followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation and percentage. Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn's multiple comparisons test and Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for small sample size. A P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Data analysis was done by using software Minitab v14.0. Results: When all the stained sections were assessed for the parameters, there was no statistically significant difference between tissues fixed in processed and unprocessed honey compared to formalin (P = 0.004). The tissue morphology and staining adequacy for diagnosis in honey fixed tissue was at par with formalin fixed tissue. Hence, our results suggest that both processed honey and unprocessed honey can be used as a safe alternative for formalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidushi Lalwani
- Department of Oral Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - R Surekha
- Department of Oral Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - M Vanishree
- Department of Oral Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Anila Koneru
- Department of Oral Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh Hunasgi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Shamala Ravikumar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Asan Memorial Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sermadi W, Prabhu S, Acharya S, Javali S. Comparing the efficacy of coconut oil and xylene as a clearing agent in the histopathology laboratory. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2014; 18:S49-53. [PMID: 25364179 PMCID: PMC4211238 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.141348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The commonly used clearing agent, xylene is supposed to be highly toxic and carcinogenic. As previous research studies have shown the effectiveness of different vegetable oils as clearants, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of coconut oil. Materials and Methods: Two equal halves of 60 soft tissue specimens were processed simultaneously in xylene and coconut oil as clearing agents. The Xylene-treated specimens (XY-S) and Coconut oil–treated specimens (CO-S) were checked for gross and histological features and comparison was done between the two groups. Results: Significant shrinkage was noted in XY-S compared to that in CO-S. No difference was found in either of the sections when checked for cellular details and staining quality. Morphometrically, there was significant reduction in the mean cell area in XY-S compared to that in CO-S. Conclusion: Coconut oil may be substituted for the highly hazardous xylene as a clearing agent without compromising the quality of histological details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Sermadi
- Department of Dentistry, Chamrajnagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Chamrajnagar, India
| | - Sudeendra Prabhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Swetha Acharya
- Department of Oral Pathology, S.D.M. College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
| | - Sb Javali
- Department of Community Medicine, USM-KLE International Medical School, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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Pandey P, Dixit A, Tanwar A, Sharma A, Mittal S. A comparative study to evaluate liquid dish washing soap as an alternative to xylene and alcohol in deparaffinization and hematoxylin and eosin staining. J Lab Physicians 2014; 6:84-90. [PMID: 25328332 PMCID: PMC4196369 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2727.141504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our study presents a new deparaffinizing and hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining method that involves the use of easily available, nontoxic and eco-friendly liquid diluted dish washing soap (DWS) by completely eliminating expensive and hazardous xylene and alcohol from deparaffinizing and rehydration prior to staining, staining and from dehydration prior to mounting. The aim was to evaluate and compare the quality of liquid DWS treated xylene and alcohol free (XAF) sections with that of the conventional H and E sections. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 paraffin embedded tissue blocks from different tissues were included. From each tissue block, one section was stained with conventional H and E (normal sections) and the other with XAF H and E (soapy sections) staining method. Slides were scored using five parameters: Nuclear, cytoplasmic, clarity, uniformity, and crispness of staining. Z-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Soapy sections scored better for cytoplasmic (90%) and crisp staining (95%) with a statistically significant difference. Whereas for uniformity of staining, normal sections (88%) scored over soapy sections (72%) (Z = 2.82, P < 0.05). For nuclear (90%) and clarity of staining (90%) total scored favored soapy sections, but the difference was not statistically significant. About 84% normal sections stained adequately for diagnosis when compared with 86% in soapy sections (Z = 0.396, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Liquid DWS is a safe and efficient alternative to xylene and alcohol in deparaffinization and routine H and E staining procedure. We are documenting this project that can be used as a model for other histology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Pandey
- Department of Pathology, UP Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Dixit
- Department of Pharmacology, UP Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aparna Tanwar
- Department of Pathology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sultanpur, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anuradha Sharma
- Department of Pathology, M M Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, M M University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjeev Mittal
- Department of Pathology, M M Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, M M University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Inoue K, Gibbs SL, Liu F, Lee JH, Xie Y, Ashitate Y, Fujii H, Frangioni JV, Choi HS. Microscopic validation of macroscopic in vivo images enabled by same-slide optical and nuclear fusion. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1899-904. [PMID: 25324521 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.141606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED It is currently difficult to determine the molecular and cellular basis for radioscintigraphic signals obtained during macroscopic in vivo imaging. The field is in need of technology that helps bridge the macroscopic and microscopic regimes. To solve this problem, we developed a fiducial marker (FM) simultaneously compatible with 2-color near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence (700 and 800 nm), autoradiography, and conventional hematoxylin-eosin (HE) histology. METHODS The FM was constructed from an optimized concentration of commercially available human serum albumin, 700- and 800-nm NIR fluorophores, (99m)Tc-pertechnetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, and glutaraldehyde. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells coexpressing the sodium iodide symporter and green fluorescent protein were labeled with 700-nm fluorophore and (99m)Tc-pertechnatate and then administered intratracheally into CD-1 mice. After in vivo SPECT imaging and ex vivo SPECT and NIR fluorescence imaging of the lungs, 30-μm frozen sections were prepared and processed for 800-nm NIR fluorophore costaining, autoradiography, and HE staining on the same slide using the FMs to coregister all datasets. RESULTS Optimized FMs, composed of 100 μM unlabeled human serum albumin, 1 μM NIR fluorescent human serum albumin, 15% dimethyl sulfoxide, and 3% glutaraldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4), were prepared within 15 min, displayed homogeneity and stability, and were visible by all imaging modalities, including HE staining. Using these FMs, tissue displaying high signal by SPECT could be dissected and analyzed on the same slide and at the microscopic level for 700-nm NIR fluorescence, 800-nm NIR fluorescence, autoradiography, and HE histopathologic staining. CONCLUSION When multimodal FMs are combined with a new technique for simultaneous same-slide NIR fluorescence imaging, autoradiography, and HE staining, macroscopic in vivo images can now be studied unambiguously at the microscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Inoue
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fangbing Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeong Heon Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yang Xie
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yoshitomo Ashitate
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hirofumi Fujii
- Functional Imaging Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - John V Frangioni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and Curadel, LLC, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Indu S, Ramesh V, Indu PC, Prashad KV, Premalatha B, Ramadoss K. Comparative efficacy of cedarwood oil and xylene in hematoxylin and eosin staining procedures: An experimental study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2014; 5:284-7. [PMID: 25097399 PMCID: PMC4121899 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.136167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Xylene is used as a clearing agent in hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining of tissue sections in routine histopathology based diagnosis. However, the hazards associated with exposure to xylene are of concern. Numerous solutions mainly essential oils have been evaluated in the past as clearing agents, which can possibly be substituted for xylene during the routine tissue processing. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of essential oil (cedarwood oil), as a possible replacement for xylene in H and E staining procedures. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. Thirty paraffin blocks of the routine biopsy specimen were retrieved from the department archives. The cedarwood oil was procured from organic and essential oil dealer in the local market. Two to three paraffin sections of four micron thickness were cut from each of the 30 paraffin blocks of processed tissue specimens, were subjected to different clearing agents: Essential oil (8% cedarwood oil) or xylene and stained with H and E stain. The stained sections were scored based on nuclear and cytoplasmic details, clarity and uniformity of staining. Results: Significant correlation was observed between cedarwood oil and xylene in terms of the three staining quality parameters assessed. Conclusions: We conclude that cedarwood oil can be an effective, eco-friendly and safe alternative to xylene as a clearing agent in the histopathological laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Indu
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - V Ramesh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Karthikshree V Prashad
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - B Premalatha
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - K Ramadoss
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Ananthaneni A, Namala S, Guduru VS, Ramprasad VVS, Ramisetty SD, Udayashankar U, Naik KK. Efficacy of 1.5% dish washing solution and 95% lemon water in substituting perilous xylene as a deparaffinizing agent for routine h and e staining procedure: a short study. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:707310. [PMID: 24800109 PMCID: PMC3988714 DOI: 10.1155/2014/707310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aim. To assess the efficacy of dish washing solution and diluted lemon water in deparaffinizing sections during conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining technique. Objective. The objective is to utilize eco-friendly economical substitute for xylene. Materials and Methods. Using twenty paraffin embedded tissue blocks, three sections each were prepared. One section was stained with conventional H and E method (Group A) and the other two sections with xylene-free (XF) H and E (Groups B and C). Staining characteristics were compared with xylene and scoring was given. Total score of 3-5 was regarded as adequate for diagnosis and less than that inadequate for diagnosis. Statistical Analysis. Chi-square test, Kruskal Wallis ANOVA test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used. Results. Adequacy of nuclear staining, crispness, and staining for diagnosis were greater in both Groups A and C (100%) than Group B (95%). Adequacy of cytoplasmic staining was similar in all the three groups (100%). Group B showed comparatively superior uniform staining and less retention of wax. Conclusion. Dish washing solution or diluted lemon water can be replaced for xylene as deparaffinizing agent in hematoxylin and eosin procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ananthaneni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, St Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh 534004, India
| | - Srilekha Namala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, St Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh 534004, India
| | - Vijay Srinivas Guduru
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, St Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh 534004, India
| | - V. V. S. Ramprasad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, St Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh 534004, India
| | - Sabitha Devi Ramisetty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, St Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh 534004, India
| | - Urmila Udayashankar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, St Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh 534004, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Naik
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, St Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh 534004, India
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Negi A, Puri A, Gupta R, Chauhan I, Nangia R, Sachdeva A. Biosafe alternative to xylene: A comparative study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2014; 17:363-6. [PMID: 24574653 PMCID: PMC3927336 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.125199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylene in one of the non-substitutable chemical used in histology laboratories. However, it is known to have many toxic effects. The toxic effects of xylene include heart and kidney injuries, some fatal blood dyscrasia and other less dangerous problems, such as skin erythema, drying, scaling and secondary infections. The exposure and handling of xylene is maximum during deparaffinizing tissue sections. AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 1.7% dishwashing soap (DWS) solution as a deparaffinizing agent for hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining and compare it with xylene. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty sections of 4 μm were obtained from 30 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and were considered in two different groups, groups A and B. Slides in group A were stained with routine H and E staining procedure; whereas, slides in group B were stained using 1.7% DWS as a deparaffinizing agent. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used to calculate the test of significance (P-value significant at ≤0.05). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 1.7% DWS was found to be an effective alternative deparaffinizing agent to xylene and meanwhile facilitating as less biohazardous, economical and a faster deparaffinizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Negi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abhiney Puri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rakhi Gupta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Isha Chauhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajat Nangia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Alisha Sachdeva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
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T Rajan S, Malathi N. Health hazards of xylene: a literature review. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:271-4. [PMID: 24701554 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/7544.4079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Xylene, an aromatic hydrocarbon is widely used in industry and medical laboratory as a solvent. It is a flammable liquid that requires utmost care during its usage. On exposure the vapours are rapidly absorbed through the lungs and the slowly through the skin. Prolonged exposure to xylene leads to significant amount of solvent accumulation in the adipose and muscle tissue. This article reviews the various acute and chronic health effects of xylene through various routes of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada T Rajan
- Senior lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University , Chennai, India
| | - N Malathi
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University , Chennai, India
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Henwood AF, Prasad L, Bourke VM. The application of heated detergent dewaxing and rehydration to techniques for the demonstration of fungi: a comparison to routine xylene-alcohol dewaxing. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/2046023613y.0000000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Metgud R, Astekar MS, Soni A, Naik S, Vanishree M. Conventional xylene and xylene-free methods for routine histopathological preparation of tissue sections. Biotech Histochem 2013; 88:235-41. [PMID: 23373510 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.764015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylene customarily has been used as a clearing agent for routine tissue processing. Because xylene is a relatively hazardous solvent, laboratories are under pressure to seek less toxic alternatives for routine use. We prepared 30 paired soft tissue specimens for routine histopathological evaluation using conventional xylene and xylene-free methods to evaluate and compare their efficacy for fixation, processing, embedding, staining and turnaround time. All specimens were measured before and after processing. Three pathologists evaluated and scored the histological sections. Tissue shrinkage was greater when using the xylene method compared to the xylene-free method. The quality of tissue sections including tissue architecture; quality of staining; preservation of epithelial, fibrous, glandular, muscle and adipose tissue; inflammatory cells; and vascular tissue was better after using the xylene method, but differences were not statistically significant. Xylene-free method produced adequate results that nearly equaled the xylene method. Added advantages included cost effectiveness, better working atmosphere and decreased toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Metgud
- Paher University, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313024
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