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Li D, Wang J, Tuo Z, Yoo KH, Yu Q, Miyamoto A, Zhang C, Ye X, Wei W, Wu R, Feng D. Natural products and derivatives in renal, urothelial and testicular cancers: Targeting signaling pathways and therapeutic potential. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 127:155503. [PMID: 38490077 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products have demonstrated significant potential in cancer drug discovery, particularly in renal cancer (RCa), urothelial carcinoma (UC), and testicular cancer (TC). PURPOSE This review aims to examine the effects of natural products on RCa, UC and TC. STUDY DESIGN systematic review METHODS: PubMed and Web of Science databases were retrieved to search studies about the effects of natural products and derivatives on these cancers. Relevant publications in the reference list of enrolled studies were also checked. RESULTS This review highlighted their diverse impacts on key aspects such as cell growth, apoptosis, metastasis, therapy response, and the immune microenvironment. Natural products not only hold promise for novel drug development but also enhance the efficacy of existing chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Importantly, we exert their effects through modulation of critical pathways and target genes, including the PI3K/AKT pathway, NF-κB pathway, STAT pathway and MAPK pathway, among others in RCa, UC, and TC. CONCLUSION These mechanistic insights provide valuable guidance for researchers, facilitating the selection of promising natural products for cancer management and offering potential avenues for further gene regulation studies in the context of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxiong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhouting Tuo
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Koo Han Yoo
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University, South Korea
| | - Qingxin Yu
- Department of pathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315211, China
| | - Akira Miyamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, West Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Xing Ye
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Wuran Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ruicheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
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El-Banna AA, Ibrahim RS. Metabolic profiling of milk thistle different organs using UPLC-TQD-MS/MS coupled to multivariate analysis in relation to their selective antiviral potential. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:115. [PMID: 38454377 PMCID: PMC10921647 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Silybum marianum commonly known as milk thistle is one of the most imperative medicinal plants due to its remarkable pharmacological activities. Lately, the antiviral activities of S. marianum extract have been studied and it showed effectiveness against many viruses. OBJECTIVE Although most previous studies were concerned mainly with silymarin content of the fruit, the present study provides comprehensive comparative evaluation of S. marianum different organs' chemical profiles using UPLC-MS/MS coupled to chemometrics to unravel potentially selective antiviral compounds against human coronavirus (HCoV-229E). METHODOLOGY UPLC-ESI-TQD-MS/MS analysis was utilized to establish metabolic fingerprints for S. marianum organs namely fruits, roots, stems and seeds. Multivariate analysis, using OPLS-DA and HCA-heat map was applied to explore the main discriminatory phytoconstituents between organs. Selective virucidal activity of organs extracts against coronavirus (HCoV-229E) was evaluated for the first time using cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay. Correlation coefficient analysis was implemented for detection of potential constituents having virucidal activity. RESULTS UPLC-MS/MS analysis resulted in 87 identified metabolites belonging to different classes. OPLS-DA revealed in-between class discrimination between milk thistle organs proving their significantly different metabolic profiles. The results of CPE assay showed that all tested organ samples exhibited dose dependent inhibitory activity in nanomolar range. Correlation analysis disclosed that caffeic acid-O-hexoside, gadoleic and linolenic acids were the most potentially selective antiviral phytoconstituents. CONCLUSION This study valorizes the importance of different S. marianum organs as wealthy sources of selective and effective antiviral candidates. This approach can be extended to unravel potentially active constituents from complex plant matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A El-Banna
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Reham S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
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Age-Related Features of Ketanserin Effects in Experimental Liver Cirrhosis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 174:205-209. [PMID: 36600039 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ketanserin on inflammation, liver fibrosis, and microviscosity of the plasma and mitochondrial membranes of hepatocytes was studied on young (3 months) and old (9 months) male Wistar rats with experimental liver cirrhosis. Ketanserin reduced inflammation, area of the connective tissue, and liver damage and improved serum biochemical parameters in rats of both age groups; in old rats, the effects were more pronounced than in young animals. In old rats, ketanserin reduced polarity of hepatocyte plasma and mitochondrial membranes in the area of protein-lipid contacts, which determined higher effectiveness of ketanserin during the treatment of liver cirrhosis in aged animals.
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Natural Compounds and Products from an Anti-Aging Perspective. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207084. [PMID: 36296673 PMCID: PMC9610014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a very complex process that is accompanied by a degenerative impairment in many of the major functions of the human body over time. This inevitable process is influenced by hereditary factors, lifestyle, and environmental influences such as xenobiotic pollution, infectious agents, UV radiation, diet-borne toxins, and so on. Many external and internal signs and symptoms are related with the aging process and senescence, including skin dryness and wrinkles, atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, etc. Oxidative stress, a consequence of the imbalance between pro- and antioxidants, is one of the main provoking factors causing aging-related damages and concerns, due to the generation of highly reactive byproducts such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during the metabolism, which result in cellular damage and apoptosis. Antioxidants can prevent these processes and extend healthy longevity due to the ability to inhibit the formation of free radicals or interrupt their propagation, thereby lowering the level of oxidative stress. This review focuses on supporting the antioxidant system of the organism by balancing the diet through the consumption of the necessary amount of natural ingredients, including vitamins, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), essential amino acids, probiotics, plants’ fibers, nutritional supplements, polyphenols, some phytoextracts, and drinking water.
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Yu X, Liang X, Han K, Shi F, Meng N, Li Q. Anti-Aging Effect of Dietary Fiber Compound Mediated by Guangxi Longevity Diet Pattern on Natural Aging Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153181. [PMID: 35956357 PMCID: PMC9370509 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of previous studies by our team has shown that the Guangxi longevity diet pattern contributes to the improvement of human health, but the role of dietary fiber compounds (DFC) in the anti-aging of this diet pattern has not been studied in depth. Thus, mice were fed with 5%, 15%, and 30% of the characteristic dietary fiber compound (CDFC) (compounded according to the longevity diet pattern) for 8 weeks, and their learning memory capacity, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory markers, as well as typical microorganisms in the intestinal tract were analyzed to investigate the anti-aging effects of the CDFC under the Guangxi longevity diet pattern on naturally aging mice. The results showed that CDFC had a bidirectional effect on body weight regulation; increased brain, spleen, and cardiac indices, of which the medium dose was the best. Meanwhile, CDFC also had a maintenance and improvement effect on learning and memory ability in aging mice, as well as improved antioxidant capacity and reduced inflammation level. The neuronal cell necrosis in the hippocampus of mice was effectively alleviated. The expression of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides was significantly reduced, and the expression of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased. In addition, the optimal amount of CDFC added from the level of experimental animals was in a certain interval above and below 15%. The combined results indicated that CDFC mediated by the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern had significant anti-aging effects, thus theoretically proving that dietary fiber compound contributes to human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.Y.); (K.H.); (F.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China;
- Agricultural Engineering Institute, Guangxi Vocational & Technical College, Nanning 530226, China
| | - Kunchen Han
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.Y.); (K.H.); (F.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Fengcui Shi
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.Y.); (K.H.); (F.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Ning Meng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.Y.); (K.H.); (F.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Quanyang Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.Y.); (K.H.); (F.S.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-6788-3719
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Dang T, Cao WJ, Zhao R, Lu M, Hu G, Qiao C. ATP13A2 protects dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease: from biology to pathology. J Biomed Res 2022; 36:98-108. [PMID: 35387901 PMCID: PMC9002154 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a late endosomal/lysosomal transport protein of the P5-type, ATP13A2 is capable of removing the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein, which maintains the homeostasis of metal ions and polyamines in the central nervous system. Furthermore, ATP13A2 regulates the normal function of several organelles such as lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and maintains the normal physiological activity of neural cells. Especially, ATP13A2 protects dopaminergic (DA) neurons against environmental or genetically induced Parkinson's disease (PD). As we all know, PD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. An increasing number of studies have reported that the loss-of-function of ATP13A2 affects normal physiological processes of various organelles, leading to abnormalities and the death of DA neurons. Previous studies in our laboratory have also shown that ATP13A2 deletion intensifies the neuroinflammatory response induced by astrocytes, thus inducing DA neuronal injury. In addition to elucidating the normal structure and function of ATP13A2, this review summarized the pathological mechanisms of ATP13A2 mutations leading to PD in existing literature studies, deepening the understanding of ATP13A2 in the pathological process of PD and other related neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides inspiration for investigators to explore the essential regulatory role of ATP13A2 in PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wen-Jing Cao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan 411100, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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Opyd PM, Jurgoński A. Intestinal, liver and lipid disorders in genetically obese rats are more efficiently reduced by dietary milk thistle seeds than their oil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20895. [PMID: 34686715 PMCID: PMC8536690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that milk thistle seed or seed oil dietary supplementation reduces intestinal, liver and lipid disorders specific to genetic obesity, and the seeds can be more efficient in doing so. Lean and obese male Zucker rats were allocated to 4 groups: the lean (LC) and obese control (OC) groups fed a standard diet and the other 2 obese groups fed a diet supplemented with milk thistle seed oil (O + MTO) or milk thistle seeds (O + MTS). After 5 weeks of feeding, the cecal SCFA pool was slightly and significantly lower in OC and O + MTO compared with LC and O + MTS. The liver fat content was greater in OC, O + MTO and O + MTS compared with LC; however, it was significantly lower in O + MTS than in OC and O + MTO. The plasma cholesterol was greater in OC compared with LC, O + MTO and O + MTS; however, it was significantly greater in O + MTO and O + MTS compared with LC. The plasma bilirubin was detected in OC and O + MTO, whereas it was not present in LC and O + MTS. Milk thistle seeds can improve fermentation events in the distal intestine and reduce other disorders specific to genetically obese rats, and the seed PUFAs are responsible for that to a lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Opyd
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5 Str., 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Adam Jurgoński
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
- Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Zadorozhna M, Mangieri D. Mechanisms of Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Proprieties of Ginger Extracts in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6599. [PMID: 34202966 PMCID: PMC8234951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, family: Zingiberaceae), originating in South-East Asia, is one of the most used spices and condiments for foods and beverages. It is also used in traditional medicine for many human disorders including fever, gastrointestinal complications, arthritis, rheumatism, hypertension, and various infectious diseases due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiemetic properties. Intriguingly, many recent studies evidenced the potent chemopreventive characteristics of ginger extracts against different types of cancer. The aim of this work is to review the literature related to the use of ginger extracts as a chemotherapeutic agent and to structure the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which ginger acts in different cancer types. Data summarized from experiments (in vitro or in vivo) and clinical studies, evidenced in this review, show that ginger derivatives perpetrate its anti-tumor action through important mediators, involved in crucial cell processes, such as cell cycle arrest, induction of cancer cell death, misbalance of redox homeostasis, inhibition of cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and dissemination of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Domenica Mangieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
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Probiotics Improve Eating Disorders in Mandarin Fish ( Siniperca chuatsi) Induced by a Pellet Feed Diet via Stimulating Immunity and Regulating Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061288. [PMID: 34204793 PMCID: PMC8231599 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders are directly or indirectly influenced by gut microbiota and innate immunity. Probiotics have been shown to regulate gut microbiota and stimulate immunity in a variety of species. In this study, three kinds of probiotics, namely, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Clostridium butyricum, were selected for the experiment. The results showed that the addition of three probiotics at a concentration of 108 colony forming unit/mL to the culture water significantly increased the ratio of the pellet feed recipients and survival rate of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) under pellet-feed feeding. In addition, the three kinds of probiotics reversed the decrease in serum lysozyme and immunoglobulin M content, the decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione and catalase and the decrease in the expression of the appetite-stimulating regulator agouti gene-related protein of mandarin fish caused by pellet-feed feeding. In terms of intestinal health, the three probiotics reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas in the gut microbiota and increased the height of intestinal villi and the thickness of foregut basement membrane of mandarin fish under pellet-feed feeding. In general, the addition of the three probiotics can significantly improve eating disorders of mandarin fish caused by pellet feeding.
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Azman KF, Safdar A, Zakaria R. D-galactose-induced liver aging model: Its underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111372. [PMID: 33905879 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a variety of morphological and functional changes in the liver. Oxidative stress and inflammation are now widely accepted as the main mechanisms involved in the aging process that may subsequently cause severe injury to mitochondrial DNA which leads to apoptosis. As aging may increase the risks for various liver diseases and plays as an adverse prognostic factor increasing the mortality rate, knowledge regarding the mechanisms of age-related liver susceptibility and the possible therapeutic interventions is imperative. Due to cost and time constraints, a mimetic aging model is generally preferred to naturally aged animals to study the underlying mechanisms of aging liver. The use of D-galactose in aging research is dated back to 1962 and has since been used widely. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the effects of D-galactose-induced aging on the liver and the underlying mechanisms involved. Its potential therapeutic interventions are also discussed. It is hoped that this invaluable information may facilitate researchers in choosing the appropriate aging model and provide a valuable platform for testing potential therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of age-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnuur Fairuz Azman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Afifa Safdar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Wu SC. Health Benefits of Silybum marianum: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11644-11664. [PMID: 33045827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silybum marianum (SM), a well-known plant used as both a medicine and a food, has been widely used to treat various diseases, especially hepatic diseases. The seeds and fruits of SM contain a flavonolignan complex called silymarin, the active compounds of which include silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, dihydrosilybin, silydianin, and so on. In this review, we thoroughly summarize high-quality publications related to the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of SM. SM has antimicrobial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular-protective, neuroprotective, skin-protective, antidiabetic, and other effects. Importantly, SM also counteracts the toxicities of antibiotics, metals, and pesticides. The diverse pharmacological activities of SM provide scientific evidence supporting its use in both humans and animals. Multiple signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress and inflammation are the common molecular targets of SM. Moreover, the flavonolignans of SM are potential agonists of PPARγ and ABCA1, PTP1B inhibitors, and metal chelators. At the end of the review, the potential and perspectives of SM are discussed, and these insights are expected to facilitate the application of SM and the discovery and development of new drugs. We conclude that SM is an interesting dietary medicine for health enhancement and drug discovery and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Cheng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Chan CJ, Tseng JK, Wang SY, Lin YL, Samuel Wu YH, Chen JW, Chen YC. Ameliorative effects of functional chalaza hydrolysates prepared from protease-A digestion on cognitive dysfunction and brain oxidative damages. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2819-2832. [PMID: 32359619 PMCID: PMC7597535 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our patented protease A–digested crude chalaza hydrolysates (CCH) show antioxidant abilities in vitro. The prophylactic effects of CCH on cognitive dysfunction and brain oxidative damages were investigated via a D-galactose (DG)–injected mouse model in this study. Fifty-four mice were randomly divided into the following: (1) CON, 0.1 mL 0.9% saline (subcutaneous injection [SC] on the back)+distilled water (oral gavage); (2) DG, 100 mg/kg BW/day D-galactose (Bio-Serv Co., Flemington, NJ, USA) (SC on the back)+distilled water (oral gavage); (3) DG_LCH, 100 mg/kg BW/day D-galactose (SC on the back) + 50 mg CCH/kg BW/day in 0.1 ml distilled water (oral gavage); (4) DG_MCH, 100 mg/kg BW/day D-galactose (SC on the back) + 100 mg CCH/kg BW/day (oral gavage); (5) DG_HCH, 100 mg/kg BW/day D-galactose (SC on the back) + 200 mg CCH/kg BW/day (oral gavage); (6) DG_AG, 100 mg/kg BW/day D-galactose (SC on the back) + 100 mg aminoguanidine hydrochloride/kg BW/day (oral gavage). The experiment lasted for 84 D. CCH, containing antioxidant-free amino acids and anserine, restored (P < 0.05) DG-injected memory injury in the Morris water maze test and attenuated the neuronal degenerations and nucleus shrinkages in the dentate gyrus area. CCH supplementation also reduced amyloid β-peptide protein levels and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) in the brain of DG-injected mice, whereas the brain antioxidant capacity was reversed (P < 0.05) by supplementing CCH. Furthermore, AGE receptor (RAGE), NFκb, IL-6, and TNF-α gene expressions were downregulated (P < 0.05) by supplementing CCH. Therefore, CCH show prophylactic effects on the development of oxidative stress-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Chan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Kai Tseng
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Jr-Wei Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Poultry Industry Section, Department of Animal Industry, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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He S, Zhang Z, Sun H, Zhu Y, Cao X, Ye Y, Wang J, Cao Y. Potential effects of rapeseed peptide Maillard reaction products on aging-related disorder attenuation and gut microbiota modulation in d-galactose induced aging mice. Food Funct 2020; 10:4291-4303. [PMID: 31265043 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a good flavor enhancer, rapeseed peptide Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were developed, and the effects of MRPs on d-galactose induced aging Kunming mice were investigated for 6 weeks with low (200 mg kg-1 day-1), medium (400 mg kg-1 day-1) and high (800 mg kg-1 day-1) doses. Compared with the natural aging group and d-galactose induced aging mice, the mice with MRP administration showed increases in body weight gain, food intake, organ indexes, feces color and urine fluorescence intensity. MRP intake significantly decreased the MDA content and elevated the activities of CAT, SOD and GSH-Px, and T-AOC in the serum and tissues of the liver, kidney and brain. Additionally, AChE activity was decreased in the brain, while Na+-K+ ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase activity increased in a dose-dependent manner, and decreasing levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were observed in the liver and kidney. Histopathological analysis suggested an attenuation of inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver and kidney without cell necrosis. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes increased in MRP groups, and the pathogenic bacteria were significantly inhibited, while some beneficial bacteria were significantly increased in the intestine. Overall, our results indicated that MRP consumption might have potential beneficial effects on postponing the aging process via reducing the oxidative stress and gut microflora modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China.
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Xu F, Han C, Li Y, Zheng M, Xi X, Hu C, Cui X, Cao H. The Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Actions of Silybum Marianum. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180327155745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of Silybum marianum. These chemical constituents include flavonolignans, fatty acids, phenolics and other chemical constituents. Furthermore, flavonolignans constituents include silymarin isosilychristin, silychristin, silydianin, silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, isosilybin B, etc. Pharmacological actions include a well curative effect on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, UV damage, varieties of cancers, diabetes. In addition, its pharmacological actions include anti-inflammatory, anti-depression and more pharmacological actions. This paper will enable Silybum marianum lay the foundation for producing high and sustainable productions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxue Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Mengmeng Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaozhi Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaowei Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Yön B, Belviranlı M, Okudan N. The effect of silymarin supplementation on cognitive impairment induced by diabetes in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2018-0109. [PMID: 31017870 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The objective of this investigation was to examine the impact of silymarin supplementation on locomotion, anxiety-related behavior, learning, and memory via several behavioral tests, such as open field, elevated plus maze, and Morris water maze tests in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods The rats were divided into the control, diabetes, silymarin, and diabetes plus silymarin groups. On the 30th-35th days of the study, several behavioral tests were performed and blood and brain tissue samples were taken and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) levels were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in locomotor activity between the groups (p = 0.534). Spatial memory was lower (p = 0.000) but anxiety scores were higher (p = 0.005) in the diabetes group than in the control, silymarin, and diabetes plus silymarin groups. Plasma (p = 0.000) and brain tissue (p = 0.007) BDNF levels were lower in the diabetes group than in the control, silymarin, and diabetes plus silymarin groups; however, plasma (p = 0.432) and brain tissue (p = 0.321) HDAC3 levels did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusions The findings obtained from this study suggest that silymarin supplementation could improve anxiety-related behavior, and learning and memory in diabetic rats by increasing the BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Yön
- Vocational School of Health Services, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Muaz Belviranlı
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
- Medical Faculty of Selçuk University, Department of Physiology, 42030, Konya, Turkey, Phone: +90-332-224-47-31, Fax: +90-332-224-48-08
| | - Nilsel Okudan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Hu SJ, Jiang SS, Zhang J, Luo D, Yu B, Yang LY, Zhong HH, Yang MW, Liu LY, Hong FF, Yang SL. Effects of apoptosis on liver aging. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:691-704. [PMID: 30968034 PMCID: PMC6448073 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i6.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As an irreversible and perennial process, aging is accompanied by functional and morphological declines in organs. Generally, aging liver exhibits a decline in volume and hepatic blood flow. Even with a preeminent regenerative capacity to restore its functions after liver cell loss, its biosynthesis and metabolism abilities decline, and these are difficult to restore to previous standards. Apoptosis is a programmed death process via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, in which Bcl-2 family proteins and apoptosis-related genes, such as p21 and p53, are involved. Apoptosis inflicts both favorable and adverse influences on liver aging. Apoptosis eliminates transformed abnormal cells but promotes age-related liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. We summarize the roles of apoptosis in liver aging and age-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Hu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Sha-Sha Jiang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Liang-Yan Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hua-Hua Zhong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mei-Wen Yang
- Department of Nurse, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li-Yu Liu
- Department of Nurse, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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Zhang H, Wang Q, Sun C, Zhu Y, Yang Q, Wei Q, Chen J, Deng W, Adu-Frimpong M, Yu J, Xu X. Enhanced Oral Bioavailability, Anti-Tumor Activity and Hepatoprotective Effect of 6-Shogaol Loaded in a Type of Novel Micelles of Polyethylene Glycol and Linoleic Acid Conjugate. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11030107. [PMID: 30845761 PMCID: PMC6470752 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
:6-shogaol is a promising anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agent. However, the treatment effectiveness of 6-shogaol is limited by poor water solubility, poor oral absorption and rapid metabolism. Herein, 6-shogaol loaded in micelles (SMs) were designed to improve 6-shogaol's solubility and bioavailability. The micelles of a PEG derivative of linoleic acid (mPEG2k-LA) were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method with a particle size of 76.8 nm, and entrapment of 81.6 %. Intriguingly, SMs showed a slower release in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (pH = 7.4) compared to free 6-shogaol while its oral bioavailability increased by 3.2⁻fold in vivo. More importantly, the in vitro cytotoxic effect in HepG2 cells of SMs was significantly higher than free 6-shogaol. Furthermore, SMs could significantly improve the tissue distribution of 6-shogaol, especially liver and brain. Finally, SMs showed a better hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury in vivo than free 6-shogaol. These results suggest that the novel micelles could potentiate the activities of 6-shogaol in cancer treatment and hepatoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Zhang
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Qilong Wang
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Congyong Sun
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Qiuxuan Yang
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Qiuyu Wei
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Michael Adu-Frimpong
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Ximing Xu
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Sarni AR, Baroni L. Milk and Parkinson disease: Could galactose be the missing link. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
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Zhu SY, Jiang N, Yang J, Tu J, Zhou Y, Xiao X, Dong Y. Silybum marianum oil attenuates hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in high fat diet-fed mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:191-197. [PMID: 29428667 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of Silybum marianum oil (SMO) on hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress were investigated during the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The results showed that body weight, fat mass, and serum biochemical parameters such as triglyceride, free fatty acid, glucose and insulin were reduced by SMO treatment. Meanwhile, SMO decreased the histological injury of liver and the levels of hepatic triglyceride, cholesterol and free fatty acid in HFD-fed mice. SMO administration elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and reduced the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay showed that SMO significantly decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in HFD mice. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and liver X receptor α (LXRα) were lower, but peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was higher in mice treated with SMO compared with the HFD group. The results indicated that SMO could play a certain protective role against HFD-induced NAFLD, and the protective effects might be associated with attenuating lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation, improving lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yun Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Hengshun Group Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212000, China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- Institute of Vegetables, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jie Tu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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20
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Tavanai E, Mohammadkhani G, Farahani S, Jalaie S. Protective Effects of Silymarin Against Age-Related Hearing Loss in an Aging Rat Model. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 71:1248-1257. [PMID: 31750160 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-018-1294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the most common chronic degenerative disorders. Several studies have indicated that supplementation with some antioxidants can slow down the progression of ARHL. Despite several lines of evidence about the potent antioxidant and anti-aging effects of silymarin, its protective effect against ARHL has not evaluated yet. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of silymarin in prevention of ARHL in a d-Galactose-induced aging rat model for the first time. 45 male wistar rats aged 3-month old were divided into 5 groups: group 1, 2 and 3 received 500 mg/kg/day d-Gal plus 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg/day silymarin respectively for 8 weeks, placebo group received 500 mg/kg/day d-Gal plus propylene glycol as placebo, and control group received normal saline during this period of time. Auditory brainstem responses were measured at several frequencies (4, 6, 8, 12 and 16 kHz) before and after the intervention. Placebo group and group 3 showed significant ABR threshold increase across frequencies of 4, 6, 16 kHz compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). However, rats treated with silymarin 100 and 200 mg/kg/day plus d-Gal did not show any significant ABR threshold shifts. Similarly, ABR amplitude of P2 at 4, 8 kHz and P1, P4 at 4 kHz in the placebo group and group 3 were decreased significantly compared with other groups (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences are found in ABR absolute and inter-peak latencies between groups (P > 0.05). The findings indicates that silymarin with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day has protective effect against ARHL and it can be supplemented into the diet of older people to slow down the progression of age-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Tavanai
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pich-e-Shemiran, Enghelab Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghassem Mohammadkhani
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pich-e-Shemiran, Enghelab Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Farahani
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pich-e-Shemiran, Enghelab Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Jalaie
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pich-e-Shemiran, Enghelab Ave, Tehran, Iran
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Melatonin Modulation of Sirtuin-1 Attenuates Liver Injury in a Hypercholesterolemic Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018. [PMID: 29516009 PMCID: PMC5817311 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7968452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia increases and exacerbates stress signals leading also to liver damage (LD) and failure. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is involved in lifespan extension and it plays an essential role in hepatic lipid metabolism. However, its involvement in liver hypercholesterolemic damage is not yet completely defined. This in vivo study evaluated the role of SIRT1 in the hypercholesterolemic-related LD and, then, investigated how oral supplementation of melatonin, pleiotropic indoleamine, may be protective. Control mice and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE−/−) of 6 and 15 weeks of age were treated or not treated with melatonin at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 9 weeks. In this study, we evaluated serum biochemical markers, liver SIRT1 expression, and oxidative stress markers. We observed that hypercholesterolemia increased significantly serum cholesterol and triglycerides, reduced significantly liver SIRT1, and, in turn, induced hepatic oxidative stress in untreated ApoE−/− mice with respect to control mice. Interestingly, melatonin treatment improved serum biochemical markers and hepatic morphological impairment and inhibited oxidative stress through its antioxidant properties and also by SIRT1 upregulation. In summary, melatonin oral supplementation may represent a new protective approach to block hypercholesterolemic liver alterations involving also a SIRT1-dependent mechanism.
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Zhao F, Gao L, Qin X, Du G, Zhou Y. The intervention effect of licorice in d-galactose induced aging rats by regulating the taurine metabolic pathway. Food Funct 2018; 9:4814-4821. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00740c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A potential protective mechanism of licorice in d-galactose induced aging rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- China
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Zhong HH, Hu SJ, Yu B, Jiang SS, Zhang J, Luo D, Yang MW, Su WY, Shao YL, Deng HL, Hong FF, Yang SL. Apoptosis in the aging liver. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102640-102652. [PMID: 29254277 PMCID: PMC5731987 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various changes in the liver during aging can reduce hepatic function and promote liver injury. Aging is associated with high morbidity and a poor prognosis in patients with various liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis C and liver cancer, as well as with surgeries such as partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation. In addition, apoptosis increases with liver aging. Because apoptosis is involved in regeneration, fibrosis and cancer prevention during liver aging, and restoration of the appropriate level of apoptosis can alleviate the adverse effects of liver aging, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying this process. Herein, we elaborate on the causes of apoptosis during liver aging, with a focus on oxidative stress, genomic instability, lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, dysregulation of nutrient sensing, and liver stem/progenitor cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Hua Zhong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shao-Jie Hu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Sha-Sha Jiang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Mei-Wen Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wan-Ying Su
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ya-Lan Shao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hao-Lin Deng
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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Shahroudi MJ, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H. Anti-Aging Effect of Nigella Sativa Fixed Oil on D-Galactose-Induced Aging in Mice. J Pharmacopuncture 2017; 20:29-35. [PMID: 28392960 PMCID: PMC5374336 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2017.20.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Aging is an unconscious and gradual process that can lead to changes in biological systems. Induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity are involved in the aging process. Regarding the antioxidant property of black seed oil, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-aging effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) oil on d-galactose-induced aging in mice. Methods: For induction of aging, D-galactose (500 mg/kg, subcoutaneously SC) was administrated to male mice for 42 days. Animals were treated with D-galactose alone or with b lack seed oil (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 mL/kg, intraperitoneally (ip)). Additionally, vitamin E (200 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. At the end of treatment, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and the glutathione (GSH) contents in brain and liver tissues were measured. Also, enzymes in serum, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT), were determined. The levels of the proteins Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3 (pro and cleaved) in brain and liver tissues were evaluated. Results: Administration of D-galactose (500 mg/kg, SC) for 42 days increased serum levels of ALT and AST, as well as the MDA content, in brain and liver tissues, but decreased the GSH content. Additionally, the levels of apoptotic proteins, including Bax, procaspase-3 and caspase-3 cleaved, were markedly increased. N. sativa oil (0.1 and 0.2 mL/kg) diminished the levels of the biochemical markers ALT and AST. Administration of black seed oil (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mL/kg) reduced lipid peroxidation and at doses 0.1 and 0.2 mL/kg significantly recovered the GSH content. The oil decreased Bax/Bcl2 levels and at 0.1 mL/kg down-regulated the expressions of caspase-3 (pro and cleaved) proteins in brain and liver tissues. Conclusion: Through its antioxidant and anti-apoptosis properties, black seed oil exhibited an anti-aging effect in a model of aging induced with D-galactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Jafari Shahroudi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurocognitive Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Raman ST, Ganeshan AKPG, Chen C, Jin C, Li SH, Chen HJ, Gui Z. In vitro and In vivo Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Extracted from Mulberry Fruit (Morus alba L.). Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:128-33. [PMID: 27076749 PMCID: PMC4809167 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.177910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many plants possess antioxidants that exhibit additive or synergistic activities. Objective: In this study, an ethanol-extracted flavonoid extracted from mulberry fruit (FEM) was evaluated for the antioxidant activity in vitro and the hemolysis in red blood cell (RBC) and lipid peroxidation in liver in vivo. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant activities in vitro were measured by quantifying its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, reducing power, and Fe2+-chelating ability. FEM inhibits hemolysis in RBCs and effects of lipid peroxidation in the liver were estimated. Results: The total content of flavonoid compounds was 187.23 mg of quercetin equivalents per grams dried material. In the in vitro assays, FEM demonstrated a strong antioxidant effect, especially in DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power. Mouse RBC hemolysis induced by H2O2 was significantly inhibited by FEM in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The effects of FEM on lipid peroxidation in liver, mitochondria, and microsome were investigated. The percentage of inhibition at high concentration (100 μg/mL) of FEM was 45.51%, 39.36%, and 42.78% for liver, mitochondria, and microsomes, respectively. These results suggest that the FEM possesses a strong antioxidant activity both in vivo and in vitro. SUMMARY The total content of flavonoid compounds in mulberry fruit was 187.23 mg/g dried material FEM showed a strong antioxidant effect, especially in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and reducing power Mouse red blood cell hemolysis induced by H2O2 was significantly inhibited by FEM in a dose- and time-dependent manner The inhibition percentage at high concentration of FEM was 45.51%, 39.36%, and 42.78% for mouse’s liver, mitochondrial, and microsomes, respectively.
Abbreviations used: FEM: Flavonoid Extracted from Mulberry fruit, H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide, DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, EDTA: Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, MDA: malondialdehyde, TBA: 2-thiobarbituric acid, RBC: Red blood cells, DNJ: 1-deoxynojirimycin, LDL: low density lipoprotein, ROS: reactive oxygen species, EDTA2Na: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Thasma Raman
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | | | - Cheng Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Hui Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhongzheng Gui
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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Agnihotri SK, Agrawal U, Ghosh I. Brain most susceptible to cadmium induced oxidative stress in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 30:184-93. [PMID: 25617233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence over the years indicate that cadmium (Cd) may be a possible etiological factor for neurodegenerative diseases. This may possibly be linked to excessive generation of free radicals that damages the organs in the body depending on their defence mechanism. Since Cd is a toxic agent that affect several cell types, the aim of this study was to shed light on the effect of Cd and its consequences on different organs of the mice body. To test the hypothesis of concentration dependent Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation and DNA damage, observations were done in the serum of 4-5 weeks old male Swiss albino mice by treating with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in drinking water for 30 days. The expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) an apoptotic marker protein was two times higher in brain compared to liver at an exposure level of 0.5mgL(-1) CdCl2. Furthermore the correlation and linkage data analysis of antioxidant defence system revealed a rapid alteration in the brain, compared to any other organs considered in this study. We report that even at low dose of Cd, it impaired the brain due to lipid peroxidase sensitivity which favoured the Cd-induced oxidative injury in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Agnihotri
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Usha Agrawal
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjang Hospital Campus, Post Box No 4909, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ilora Ghosh
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Silymarin as a Natural Antioxidant: An Overview of the Current Evidence and Perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:204-47. [PMID: 26785346 PMCID: PMC4665566 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silymarin (SM), an extract from the Silybum marianum (milk thistle) plant containing various flavonolignans (with silybin being the major one), has received a tremendous amount of attention over the last decade as a herbal remedy for liver treatment. In many cases, the antioxidant properties of SM are considered to be responsible for its protective actions. Possible antioxidant mechanisms of SM are evaluated in this review. (1) Direct scavenging free radicals and chelating free Fe and Cu are mainly effective in the gut. (2) Preventing free radical formation by inhibiting specific ROS-producing enzymes, or improving an integrity of mitochondria in stress conditions, are of great importance. (3) Maintaining an optimal redox balance in the cell by activating a range of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants, mainly via Nrf2 activation is probably the main driving force of antioxidant (AO) action of SM. (4) Decreasing inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB pathways is an emerging mechanism of SM protective effects in liver toxicity and various liver diseases. (5) Activating vitagenes, responsible for synthesis of protective molecules, including heat shock proteins (HSPs), thioredoxin and sirtuins and providing additional protection in stress conditions deserves more attention. (6) Affecting the microenvironment of the gut, including SM-bacteria interactions, awaits future investigations. (7) In animal nutrition and disease prevention strategy, SM alone, or in combination with other hepatho-active compounds (carnitine, betaine, vitamin B12, etc.), might have similar hepatoprotective effects as described in human nutrition.
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