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Role of Biomarkers in the Integrated Management of Melanoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2021:6238317. [PMID: 35003391 PMCID: PMC8739586 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6238317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, which is an aggressive skin cancer, is currently the fifth and seventh most common cancer in men and women, respectively. The American Cancer Society reported that approximately 106,110 new cases of melanoma were diagnosed in the United States in 2021, with 7,180 people dying from the disease. This information could facilitate the early detection of possible metastatic lesions and the development of novel therapeutic techniques for melanoma. Additionally, early detection of malignant melanoma remains an objective of melanoma research. Recently, melanoma treatment has substantially improved, given the availability of targeted treatments and immunotherapy. These developments have highlighted the significance of identifying biomarkers for prognosis and predicting therapy response. Biomarkers included tissue protein expression, circulating DNA detection, and genetic alterations in cancer cells. Improved diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are becoming increasingly relevant in melanoma treatment, with the development of newer and more targeted treatments. Here, the author discusses the aspects of biomarkers in the real-time management of patients with melanoma.
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Moltajaei MH, Pourzare Mehrbani S, Motahari P, Rezapour R. Clinicopathological and prognostic value of Ki-67 expression in oral malignant melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2022; 16:140-146. [PMID: 36704188 PMCID: PMC9871167 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2022.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Ki-67 is one of the new biological markers with clinical value in the pathology and prognosis of oral melanoma. It is a nuclear protein involved in regulating cell proliferation. Some studies have suggested an association between Ki-67 and poor survival in patients with oral melanoma. This systematic review was undertaken to clarify this issue. Methods. Databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using relevant English keywords from 1988 to April 2022. STATA software version 16 and random models were used for meta-analysis. Results. Eleven articles were included in this systematic review, six of which were selected for meta-analysis. The mean expression of the Ki-67 index in patients with oral melanoma was estimated at 43.81% (28.66‒58.95 with 95% CI, I2=94.2, P<0.001). In addition, the results showed a significant relationship between Ki-67 expression and the prognosis of oral melanoma lesions. Increased expression of this marker weakens the prognosis and decreases the survival rate. Conclusion. High expression of Ki-67 may serve as a predictive biomarker for poor prognosis in patients with malignant oral melanoma. Therefore, classifying this malignancy by Ki-67 expression may be considered for therapy regimen selection and integrated management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solmaz Pourzare Mehrbani
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Paria Motahari
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Corresponding author: Paria Motahari,
| | - Ramin Rezapour
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Liu T, Zhou L, Li D, Andl T, Zhang Y. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Build and Secure the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:60. [PMID: 31106200 PMCID: PMC6492564 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells reside in a highly complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME), which is composed of a myriad of genetically stable non-cancer cells, including fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells, and a tumor-specific extracellular matrix (ECM). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as an abundant and active stromal cell population in the TME, function as the signaling center and remodeling machine to aid the creation of a desmoplastic tumor niche. Although there is no denial that the TME and CAFs may have anti-tumor effects as well, a great deal of findings reported in recent years have convincingly revealed the tumor-promoting effects of CAFs and CAF-derived ECM proteins, enzymes, chemical factors and other downstream effectors. While there is growing enthusiasm for the development of CAF-targeting therapies, a better understanding of the complexities of CAF-ECM and CAF-cancer cell interactions is necessary before novel therapeutic strategies targeting the malignant tumor “soil” can be successfully implemented in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Linli Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Danni Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Sugiyama A, Schartl M, Naruse K. Histopathologic features of melanocytic tumors in Xiphophorus melanoma receptor kinase ( xmrk)-transgenic medaka ( Oryzias latipes). J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:111-117. [PMID: 31092978 PMCID: PMC6511542 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocytic tumors in Xiphophorus melanoma receptor kinase
(xmrk)-transgenic Carbio and HB11A strains of medaka were examined
histopathologically at 7 months post-hatching. Medaka of both strains developed
melanocytic tumors with a penetrance of 100%. In both strains, neoplastic cells containing
intracytoplasmic melanin pigment granules showed significant invasive growth patterns. In
addition, epithelioid neoplastic cells were arranged in solid nests, and spindle
neoplastic cells were arranged in interlacing streams and bundles. Nuclear atypia,
anisokaryosis, cellular pleomorphism, and the appearance of anaplastic giant cells
containing multiple nuclei or a single nucleus were observed in neoplastic lesions in both
medaka strains. However, neither strain exhibited mitotic figures or invasion of blood
vessels by neoplastic cells. Based on these histopathologic findings, the tumors were
diagnosed as malignant melanoma. This is the first report of detailed histomorphologic
characteristics of malignant melanoma in xmrk-transgenic medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Sugiyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wűrzburg, Am Hubland, Wűrzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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Sun W, Chen G. Impact and mechanism of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs combined with chemotherapeutic drugs on human lung cancer-nude mouse transplanted tumors. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:4193-4199. [PMID: 27313765 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of indomethacin treatment combined with oxaliplatin treatment on the expression of cluster of differentiation 44 variant 6 (CD44v6), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and survivin in human lung cancer-nude mouse transplanted tumors. The human lung adenocarcinoma (A549)-nude mouse transplanted tumor model was established, and the mice were divided into a control group, an indomethacin treatment group, an oxaliplatin treatment group and an indomethacin-oxaliplatin combination treatment group. The tumor inhibition rate was calculated following sacrificing of the mice. Immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were utilized to detect the protein and messenger (m)RNA expression of CD44v6, MMP-2 and survivin. The tumor inhibition rates of the indomethacin group, the oxaliplatin group and the combination group were 26.67, 47.70 and 68.88%, respectively. The protein and mRNA expression levels of CD44v6, MMP-2 and survivin in the transplanted tumors of each treatment group were reduced compared with the control group (P<0.05), and those of the combination group were lower compared with the single-drug treatment groups (P<0.05). Survivin and MMP-2, MMP-2 and CD44v6, and MMP-2 and CD44v6 all exhibited linear positive correlation. The present study provides evidence that the administration of indomethacin alone, or in combination with oxaliplatin, may significantly inhibit the growth of lung cancer-nude mouse transplanted tumors and the expression of CD44v6, MMP-2 and survivin inside the tumor. The combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with chemotherapeutic drugs may improve the antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Sun
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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Koch A, Lang SA, Wild PJ, Gantner S, Mahli A, Spanier G, Berneburg M, Müller M, Bosserhoff AK, Hellerbrand C. Glucose transporter isoform 1 expression enhances metastasis of malignant melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:32748-60. [PMID: 26293674 PMCID: PMC4741727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucose transporter isoform 1 (GLUT1; SLC2A1) is a key rate-limiting factor in the transport of glucose into cancer cells. Enhanced GLUT1 expression and accelerated glycolysis have been found to promote aggressive growth in a range of tumor entities. However, it was unknown whether GLUT1 directly impacts metastasis. Here, we aimed at analyzing the expression and function of GLUT1 in malignant melanoma. Immunohistochemical analysis of 78 primary human melanomas on a tissue micro array showed that GLUT1 expression significantly correlated with the mitotic activity and a poor survival. To determine the functional role of GLUT1 in melanoma, we stably suppressed GLUT1 in the murine melanoma cell line B16 with shRNA. GLUT1 suppressed melanoma cells revealed significantly reduced proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migratory activity and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression. In a syngeneic murine model of hepatic metastasis, GLUT1-suppressed cells formed significantly less metastases and showed increased apoptosis compared to metastases formed by control cells. Treatment of four different human melanoma cell lines with a pharmacological GLUT1 inhibitor caused a dose-dependent reduction of proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migratory activity and MMP2 expression. Analysis of MAPK signal pathways showed that GLUT1 inhibition significantly decreased JNK activation, which regulates a wide range of targets in the metastatic cascade. In summary, our study provides functional evidence that enhanced GLUT1 expression in melanoma cells favors their metastatic behavior. These findings specify GLUT1 as an attractive therapeutic target and prognostic marker for this highly aggressive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sven Arke Lang
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Gantner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Abdo Mahli
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
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