Zero order spectrophotometric method for estimation of escitalopram oxalate in tablet formulations

Development and validation of analytical methods for selective determination of albuterol and budesonide in Airsupra inhalation aerosol using spectrophotometry

Airsupra inhalation aerosol is a recently approved FDA medication that combines albuterol and budesonide for treating or preventing bronchoconstriction and lowering the risk of relapses in asthma patients who are 18 years of age and older. To selectively determine albuterol and budesonide in both pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms, two analytical methods were developed: the zero-order absorption method and the dual-wavelength method. Even though the two drugs absorption spectra overlapped, the distinctive peak of budesonide at the zero absorbance point of albuterol, 245 nm, allowed for direct detection of budesonide in the combination using the zero-order absorption method. The mathematical dual-wavelength method, on the other hand, allowed for the measurement of both albuterol and budesonide by choosing two wavelengths for each drug in such a way that the absorbance difference for the second drug was zero. Budesonide exhibited comparable absorbance values at wavelengths 227 and 261.40 nm; hence, these two wavelengths were utilized to identify albuterol; similarly, 221.40 and 231.20 nm were chosen to determine budesonide in their binary mixes. The methods were validated according to the ICH guideline for validation of analytical procedures Q2(R1) and demonstrated excellent linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and selectivity for determining both drugs in synthetic mixed solutions and pharmaceutical formulations. The availability of these analytical methods would be valuable for the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory authorities for quality control and assessment of pharmaceutical formulations containing albuterol and budesonide.

Simultaneous Estimation of Escitalopram and Clonazepam in Tablet Dosage Forms Using HPLC-DAD Method and Optimization of Chromatographic Conditions by Box-Behnken Design

The study aimed to develop a new reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with diode array detection (DAD) detection for simultaneous estimation of escitalopram (EST) and clonazepam (CZP) in tablet dosage forms with a quality by design (QbD) approach. The chromatographic conditions were optimized by Box-Behnken design (BBD) and developed method was validated for the linearity, system suitability, accuracy, precision, robustness, sensitivity, and solution stability according to International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. EST and CZP standard drugs peaks were separated at retention times of 2.668 and 5.046 min by C-18 column with dimension of 4.6 × 100 mm length and particle size packing 2.5 µm. The mobile phase was methanol: 0.1% orthophosphoric acid (OPA) (25:75, v/v), with a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min at temperature of 26 °C. The sample volume injected was 20 µL and peaks were detected at 239 nm. Using the standard calibration curve, the % assay of marketed tablet was founded 98.89 and 98.76 for EST and CZP, respectively. The proposed RP-HPLC method was able to detect EST and CZP in the presence of their degradation products, indicating the stability-indicating property of the developed RP-HPLC method. The validation parameter’s results in terms of linearity, system suitability, accuracy, precision, robustness, sensitivity, and solution stability were in an acceptable range as per the ICH guidelines. The newly developed RP-HPLC method with QbD application is simple, accurate, time-saving, and economic.

Stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam

The objective of the current study was to develop a validated, specific stability-indicating reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) method for the quantitative determination of escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam and their related substances in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical dosage forms in the presence of degradation products. Forced degradation studies were performed on the pure drugs of escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam, as per the stress conditions prescribed by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) using acid, base, oxidation, thermal stress and photolytic degradation to show the stability-indicating power of the method. Significant degradation was observed during acid and alkaline hydrolysis and no degradation was observed in other stress conditions. The chromatographic method was optimized using the samples generated from forced degradation studies. Good resolution between the peaks corresponded to the active pharmaceutical ingredients, escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam, and degradation products from the analyte were achieved on an ODS Hypersil C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm) using a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of acetonitrile-50 mM phosphate buffer + 10 mM triethylamine (70:30, v/v). The detection was conducted at 268 nm. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation for escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam were established. The stress test solutions were assayed against the qualified working standards of escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam, which indicated that the developed LC method was stability-indicating. Validation of the developed LC method was conducted as per ICH requirements. The developed LC method was found to be suitable to check the quality of bulk samples of escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam.