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Shah R, Khidri FF, Waryah YM, Nigar R, Mahmood A, Shaikh H, Awan MQ, Ujjan ID, Waryah AM. Serum and salivary Cu/Zn ratio as a diagnostic biomarker for oral submucosal fibrosis: an analysis of trace metals and LOX gene variants. Biometals 2024; 37:447-459. [PMID: 38085405 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the serum and salivary levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and the Cu/Zn ratio and investigate the association between LOX gene variants (rs18800449 and rs2288393) and oral submucosal fibrosis (OSMF). A total of 250 subjects were included in the study: OSMF patients (n = 50), areca nut chewers without OSMF (n = 100) and controls (n = 100). Trace metals were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, while LOX gene variants were genotyped using the tetra primer amplification refractory mutation system (tetra ARMS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The results showed significant variations in serum and salivary Cu, Zn, Fe and Cr levels and serum Mn concentrations among the three groups (p < 0.0001). Serum Cu levels were significantly higher in OSMF patients, while serum Zn levels were significantly lower. Both serum and salivary Cu/Zn ratios demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) and diagnostic potential to differentiate OSMF from chewers and controls. However, LOX gene variants did not show an association between OSMF and chewers, except for rs1800449 genotypes, which showed a significant and increased risk with the AA genotype in OSMF patients compared to controls (OR = 7.58; 95%CI 2.30-24.97). The study suggests that trace elements and genetic variants may impact the etiology of OSMF. The findings may aid in early diagnosis, suitable treatment, and as a prognostic indicator for disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia Shah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Feriha Fatima Khidri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Yar Muhammad Waryah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - Roohi Nigar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Amber Mahmood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Hina Shaikh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim Awan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Din Ujjan
- Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Muhammad Waryah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
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Zhu SY, Zhou WQ, Niu YY, Zheng C, Liu X, Zhang YY, Yu C. COX17 restricts renal fibrosis development by maintaining mitochondrial copper homeostasis and restoring complex IV activity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2091-2102. [PMID: 37217601 PMCID: PMC10545728 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis relies on multiple proteins and cofactors in its gradual development. Copper is a cofactor of many enzymes involved in renal microenvironment homeostasis. We previously reported that intracellular copper imbalance occurred during renal fibrosis development and was correlated with fibrosis intensity. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of how copper affected renal fibrosis development. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice were used for in vivo study; rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) treated with TGF-β1 were adapted as an in vitro fibrotic model. We revealed that the accumulation of copper in mitochondria, rather than cytosol, was responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis and renal fibrosis in both in vivo and in vitro fibrotic models. Furthermore, we showed that mitochondrial copper overload directly disrupted the activity of respiratory chain complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase), but not complex I, II and III, which hampered respiratory chain and disrupted mitochondrial functions, eventually leading to fibrosis development. Meanwhile, we showed that COX17, the copper chaperone protein, was significantly upregulated in the mitochondria of fibrotic kidneys and NRK-52E cells. Knockdown of COX17 aggravated mitochondrial copper accumulation, inhibited complex IV activity, augmented mitochondrial dysfunction and led to cell apoptosis and renal fibrosis, whereas overexpression of COX17 could discharge copper from mitochondria and protect mitochondrial function, alleviating renal fibrosis. In conclusion, copper accumulation in mitochondria blocks complex IV activity and induces mitochondrial dysfunction. COX17 plays a pivotal role in maintaining mitochondrial copper homeostasis, restoring complex IV activity, and ameliorating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Ya Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wen-Qian Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang-Yang Niu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Soman BP, Das D. To ponder beyond hype!!! Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2021; 11:307-308. [PMID: 33897201 PMCID: PMC8051663 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_33_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no treatment strategies for oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) have been proved to be completely effective, and one of the most accepted medical lines of therapy advised in every stage of OSMF is antioxidants. One of the antioxidant drugs has increasingly earned popularity, which is due to its less expensive market price than other available antioxidants formulations. The presence of copper in its composition questions its ability to be effective in the management of OSMF. Moreover, we would like to emphasize that the presence of copper adds on to the disease burden and antioxidants with copper in its composition should not be advised as an antioxidant of choice for the management of OSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti Patil Soman
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dr. G D Pol Foundation's, YMT Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepa Das
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dr. G D Pol Foundation's, YMT Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Jouybari L, Kiani F, Islami F, Sanagoo A, Sayehmiri F, Hosnedlova B, Doşa MD, Kizek R, Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. Copper Concentrations in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:6373-6383. [PMID: 31533596 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190918120209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm, comprising 16% of all women's cancers worldwide. Research of Copper (Cu) concentrations in various body specimens have suggested an association between Cu levels and breast cancer risks. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarize the results of published studies and examine this association. We searched the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and the reference lists of relevant publications. The Standardized Mean Differences (SMDs) between Cu levels in cancer cases and controls and corresponding Confidence Intervals (CIs), as well as I2 statistics, were calculated to examine heterogeneity. Following the specimens used in the original studies, the Cu concentrations were examined in three subgroups: serum or plasma, breast tissue, and scalp hair. We identified 1711 relevant studies published from 1984 to 2017. There was no statistically significant difference between breast cancer cases and controls for Cu levels assayed in any studied specimen; the SMD (95% CI) was -0.01 (-1.06 - 1.03; P = 0.98) for blood or serum, 0.51 (-0.70 - 1.73; P = 0.41) for breast tissue, and -0.88 (-3.42 - 1.65; P = 0.50) for hair samples. However, the heterogeneity between studies was very high (P < 0.001) in all subgroups. We did not find evidence for publication bias (P = 0.91). The results of this meta-analysis do not support an association between Cu levels and breast cancer. However, due to high heterogeneity in the results of original studies, this conclusion needs to be confirmed by well-designed prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jouybari
- Nursing Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Kiani
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Farhad Islami
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, United States
| | - Akram Sanagoo
- Nursing Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bozena Hosnedlova
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic,CONEM Metallomics Nanomedicine Research Group (CMNRG), Brno-Bohunice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monica Daniela Doşa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic,CONEM Metallomics Nanomedicine Research Group (CMNRG), Brno-Bohunice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy,CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
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5
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Shen YW, Shih YH, Fuh LJ, Shieh TM. Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Review on Biomarkers, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197231. [PMID: 33008091 PMCID: PMC7582467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a collagen deposition disorder that affects a patient’s oral function and quality of life. It may also potentially transform into malignancy. This review summarizes the risk factors, pathogenic mechanisms, and treatments of OSF based on clinical and bio-molecular evidence. Betel nut chewing is a major risk factor that causes OSF in Asia. However, no direct evidence of arecoline-induced carcinogenesis has been found in animal models. Despite identification of numerous biomarkers of OSF lesions and conducting trials with different drug combinations, clinicians still adopt conservative treatments that primarily focus on relieving the symptoms of OSF. Treatments focus on reducing inflammation and improving mouth opening to improve a patient’s quality of life. In conclusion, high-quality clinical studies are needed to aid clinicians in developing and applying molecular biomarkers as well as standard treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wen Shen
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hwa Shih
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Lih-Jyh Fuh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-J.F.); (T.-M.S.); Tel.: +88-642-205-3366 (ext. 2312) (L.-J.F.); +88-642-205-3366 (ext. 7707) (T.-M.S.)
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-J.F.); (T.-M.S.); Tel.: +88-642-205-3366 (ext. 2312) (L.-J.F.); +88-642-205-3366 (ext. 7707) (T.-M.S.)
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6
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Niu YY, Zhang YY, Zhu Z, Zhang XQ, Liu X, Zhu SY, Song Y, Jin X, Lindholm B, Yu C. Elevated intracellular copper contributes a unique role to kidney fibrosis by lysyl oxidase mediated matrix crosslinking. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:211. [PMID: 32235836 PMCID: PMC7109154 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper ions play various roles in mammalian cells, presumably due to their involvement in different enzymatic reactions. Some studies indicated that serum copper correlates with fibrosis in organs, such as liver and lung. However, the mechanism is unknown. Here, we explored the role of copper in kidney fibrosis development and possible underlying mechanisms. We found that copper transporter 1 (CTR1) expression was increased in the kidney tissues in two fibrosis models and in patients with kidney fibrosis. Similar results were also found in renal tubular epithelial cells and fibroblast cells treated with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Mechanistically, the upregulation of CTR1 required Smads-dependent TGF-β signaling pathway and Smad3 directly binded to the promoter of CTR1 in renal fibroblast cells using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Elevated CTR1 induced increase of copper intracellular influx. The elevated intracellular copper ions activated lysyl oxidase (LOX) to enhance the crosslinking of collagen and elastin, which then promoted kidney fibrosis. Reducing intracellular copper accumulation by knocking down CTR1 ameliorated kidney fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction induced renal fibrosis model and renal fibroblast cells stimulated by TGF-β. Treatment with copper chelator tetrathiomolybdate (TM) also alleviated renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, intracellular copper accumulation plays a unique role to kidney fibrosis by activating LOX mediated collagen and elastin crosslinking. Inhibition of intracellular copper overload may be a potential portal to alleviate kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Niu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- Terahertz Technology Innovatio, Research Institute, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Terahertz, Science Cooperative Innovation Center, School of Optical-Electrical Computer, Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai-Ya Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Song
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Jin
- EnnovaBio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Uwitonze AM, Ojeh N, Murererehe J, Atfi A, Razzaque MS. Zinc Adequacy Is Essential for the Maintenance of Optimal Oral Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:E949. [PMID: 32235426 PMCID: PMC7230687 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc, a metal found in the Earth's crust, is indispensable for human health. In the human body, around 60% of zinc is present in muscles, 30% in bones, and the remaining 10% in skin, hair, pancreas, kidneys and plasma. An adequate zinc balance is essential for the maintenance of skeletal growth, development and function. It is also necessary for basic cellular functions including enzyme activation, cell signaling and energy metabolism. Inadequate zinc status is associated with a wide variety of systemic disorders including cardiovascular impairment, musculoskeletal dysfunctions and oromaxillary diseases. In this article, we briefly discuss the role of zinc deficiency in the genesis of various oromaxillary diseases, and explain why adequate zinc homeostasis is vital for the maintenance of oral and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Uwitonze
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, University of Rwanda College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, KK 737 St, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Nkemcho Ojeh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Julienne Murererehe
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, University of Rwanda College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, KK 737 St, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Azeddine Atfi
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Mohammed S. Razzaque
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, University of Rwanda College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, KK 737 St, Kigali, Rwanda
- College of Advancing & Professional Studies (CAPS), University of Massachusetts Boston (UMB), Boston, MA 02125, USA
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA
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Chen F, Wang J, Chen J, Yan L, Hu Z, Wu J, Bao X, Lin L, Wang R, Cai L, Lin L, Qiu Y, Liu F, He B. Serum copper and zinc levels and the risk of oral cancer: A new insight based on large-scale case-control study. Oral Dis 2018; 25:80-86. [PMID: 30107072 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited evidence exists on the roles of serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in oral cancer risk. We aimed to preliminarily explore the association between serum Cu and Zn levels and oral cancer risk with relatively large-scale samples. METHODS Serum Cu and Zn levels of 344 oral cancer patients and 1,122 matched healthy controls in this case-control study were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS Restricted cubic spline revealed the U-shaped relationship between serum Cu or Zn levels and the risk of oral cancer. Serum deficient or elevated levels of Cu were significantly associated with the risk of oral cancer: The ORs were 1.38 (95% CI: 1.01-1.89) and 2.82 (95% CI: 1.60-4.98), respectively. The positive association of serum low or high levels of Zn with oral cancer risk was also observed: The ORs were 2.72 (95% CI: 1.60-4.62) and 12.41 (95% CI: 9.09-16.93), respectively. Additionally, there were multiplicative interactions between the aforementioned trace elements and smoking. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study suggests that both serum excess and deficient levels of Cu or Zn were significant correlation with oral cancer risk, which may provide a new insight on the roles of serum Cu and Zn in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory Center, The Major Subject of Environment and Health of Fujian Key Universities, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jinfa Chen
- Laboratory Center, The Major Subject of Environment and Health of Fujian Key Universities, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lingjun Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaodan Bao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Liangkun Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lisong Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Fengqiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Baochang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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9
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Zinc, Copper, and Iron in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:3472087. [PMID: 30046309 PMCID: PMC6038491 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3472087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant disorder which causes fibrosis and inflammation of the oral mucosa. Studies have reported altered levels of trace elements in oral submucous fibrosis subjects, but findings have been inconsistent. The objective of this research is to perform a meta-analysis to summarize studies that report zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) in patients, with and without OSF. A literature search of Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science electronic databases was conducted for studies up to January 2017. A total of 34 reports met the inclusion criteria. The standardized mean difference was utilized as the effect size. The robust variance estimation method was chosen to handle dependency of multiple related outcomes in meta-analysis. There was a significant increase in the levels of Cu (effect size = 1.17, p value < 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.164–2.171) and a significant decrease in levels of Zn (effect size = −1.95, p value < 0.05, 95% CI: −3.524 to −0.367) and Fe (effect size = −2.77, p value < 0.01, 95% CI: −4.126 to −1.406) in OSF patients. The estimation of Zn, Cu, and Fe levels may serve as additional biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of OSF along with the clinical features.
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