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Premnath SM, Nanda SK, Ray L, Arokiaraj MC. Effect of Statins on the Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. J Lab Physicians 2023; 15:498-502. [PMID: 37780883 PMCID: PMC10539054 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerosis mediated by inflammatory markers is the corner stone in the pathology of coronary artery disease (CAD). Hyperlipidemia, one of the risk factors is treated with statins. Statins also have a pleotropic role in reducing inflammation. Effect of statins on two inflammatory markers pentraxin 3(PTX 3) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is explored in this study. Objective This article estimates the levels of serum PTX 3 and hs-CRP in CAD patients with and without statin therapy and correlates the levels with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in CAD patients without statin therapy. Material and Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 62 patients with CAD diagnosed by coronary angiogram. They were divided into two groups. Group I were the CAD patients on statin therapy and group II were CAD patients who never had any lipid lowering drugs irrespective of their lipid values. Serum PTX3, hs-CRP, and lipid profile were estimated in these groups. Comparison between the groups was done using Student's t -test and correlation analyzed using Pearson's correlation. Results Serum PTX 3 and hs-CRP levels were higher than the reference range in both the groups. But group I showed significantly low PTX 3 levels ( p -value = 0.032) compared with group II. There was a significant positive relationship between PTX 3 and LDL-c ( p = 0.003) in group II. Conclusion CAD patients on statin therapy have lower vessel wall inflammation compared with patients without statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Kumar Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Science, Pondicherry, India
| | - Lopamudra Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, CCM Government Medical College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
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Hodkinson A, Tsimpida D, Kontopantelis E, Rutter MK, Mamas MA, Panagioti M. Comparative effectiveness of statins on non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol in people with diabetes and at risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ 2022; 376:e067731. [PMID: 35331984 PMCID: PMC8943592 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of different statin treatments by intensity on levels of non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes. DESIGN Systematic review and network meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase from inception to 1 December 2021. REVIEW METHODS Randomised controlled trials comparing different types and intensities of statins, including placebo, in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. The primary outcome was changes in levels of non-HDL-C, calculated from measures of total cholesterol and HDL-C. Secondary outcomes were changes in levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol, three point major cardiovascular events (non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and death related to cardiovascular disease), and discontinuations because of adverse events. A bayesian network meta-analysis of statin intensity (low, moderate, or high) with random effects evaluated the treatment effect on non-HDL-C by mean differences and 95% credible intervals. Subgroup analysis of patients at greater risk of major cardiovascular events was compared with patients at low or moderate risk. The confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA) framework was applied to determine the certainty of evidence. RESULTS In 42 randomised controlled trials involving 20 193 adults, 11 698 were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, the greatest reductions in levels of non-HDL-C were seen with rosuvastatin at high (-2.31 mmol/L, 95% credible interval -3.39 to -1.21) and moderate (-2.27, -3.00 to -1.49) intensities, and simvastatin (-2.26, -2.99 to -1.51) and atorvastatin (-2.20, -2.69 to -1.70) at high intensity. Atorvastatin and simvastatin at any intensity and pravastatin at low intensity were also effective in reducing levels of non-HDL-C. In 4670 patients at greater risk of a major cardiovascular events, atorvastatin at high intensity showed the largest reduction in levels of non-HDL-C (-1.98, -4.16 to 0.26, surface under the cumulative ranking curve 64%). Simvastatin (-1.93, -2.63 to -1.21) and rosuvastatin (-1.76, -2.37 to -1.15) at high intensity were the most effective treatment options for reducing LDL-C. Significant reductions in non-fatal myocardial infarction were found for atorvastatin at moderate intensity compared with placebo (relative risk=0.57, confidence interval 0.43 to 0.76, n=4 studies). No significant differences were found for discontinuations, non-fatal stroke, and cardiovascular deaths. CONCLUSIONS This network meta-analysis indicated that rosuvastatin, at moderate and high intensity doses, and simvastatin and atorvastatin, at high intensity doses, were most effective at moderately reducing levels of non-HDL-C in patients with diabetes. Given the potential improvement in accuracy in predicting cardiovascular disease when reduction in levels of non-HDL-C is used as the primary target, these findings provide guidance on which statin types and intensities are most effective by reducing non-HDL-C in patients with diabetes. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021258819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hodkinson
- National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dialechti Tsimpida
- National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Institute for Health Policy and Organisation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Evangelos Kontopantelis
- National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Institute for Health Policy and Organisation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging, and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele University, Keele, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Maria Panagioti
- National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Sharkawi SMZ, El-Shoura EAM, Abo-Youssef AM, Hemeida RAM. The potential hepatoprotective effects of lovastatin combined with oral hypoglycemic agents in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:165-173. [PMID: 32114843 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1733013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Epidemiologic studies have shown that individuals with diabetes have a higher risk of hepatic diseases which represent a true clinical problem. The purpose of the present study was to assess the possible modulatory effect of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor lovastatin on therapeutic efficiency of traditional antidiabetics, as metformin and gliclazide, regarding hepatic complications in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats.Methods: Animals were divided into seven groups; normal control group, STZ control group (50 mg/kg, i.p., single dose), lovastatin group, metformin group, gliclazide group, lovastatin plus metformin group and lovastatin plus gliclazide group. Serum HMG-CoA reductase, in addition to serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as hepatocyte integrity loss markers, hepatic tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase as oxidative stress markers, as well as serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and hepatic nitric oxide end products (NOx) as inflammatory markers were assessed, coupled with a confirmatory histopathological study.Results: The combined effect of lovastatin with metformin or gliclazide was significantly better than either drug alone regarding serum AST, ALP and TNF-α, and hepatic TBARS, GSH, GST, SOD and NOx levels.Conclusions: Hepatic complications associated with diabetes could be improved by combination of metformin or gliclazide with lovastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souty M Z Sharkawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ehab A M El-Shoura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amira M Abo-Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A M Hemeida
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Menia, Egypt
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Kumar B, Shah MAA, Kumar R, Kumar J, Memon A. Comparison of Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin in Reduction of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Cureus 2019; 11:e4898. [PMID: 31423377 PMCID: PMC6689481 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has emerged to be a very useful and reliable clinical marker of primary as well as secondary cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Elevated hs-CRP contributes to underlying atherogenesis and worsens disease prognosis. Along with their lipid-lowering properties, statins also contribute to the alleviation of micro-inflammation and reduces pro-inflammatory markers. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin in lowering hs-CRP levels in statin-naive patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods In this prospective, open-label randomized trial, group A was given rosuvastatin 40 mg daily and group B was given atorvastatin 20 mg daily along with standard post-ACS therapy. Lipid profile (mg/dL), hs-CRP (mg/L) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (mm/Hr) were recorded and measured as the baseline (before starting therapy) and then again after four weeks. The data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results With four weeks of treatment, both group A and B showed statistically significant reduction in serum hs-CRP levels (p<0.0001). In group A, there was a mean 51% decrease in hs-CRP levels, and in group B, a 35% reduction was seen. Group A showed markedly low hs-CRP levels than group B after four weeks of therapy (18.46 ± 6.35 vs. 24.67 ± 8.45) (p<0.0001). Group A showed mean 16% decrease in ESR levels as compared to 14% decrease in group B. Group A showed lower ESR levels than group B after four weeks of therapy (19.59 ± 11.83 vs. 20.52 ± 12.13) (p<0.0001). Conclusion Rosuvastatin showed a 50% decrease and atorvastatin showed a 35% reduction in serum hs-CRP levels in statin-naive ACS patients. Rosuvastatin has a more effective role in reducing micro-inflammation in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besham Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Rajesh Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, PAK
| | - Jai Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PAK
| | - Aurangzeb Memon
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PAK
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Shi L, Tan G, Zhang K. Relationship of the Serum CRP Level With the Efficacy of Metformin in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 30:13-22. [PMID: 25277876 PMCID: PMC6807049 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin, an anti-diabetes drug, is always used as a first-line agent for the management of T2DM. This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate whether CRP was sensitive in predicting the efficacy of metformin in the treatment of T2DM. METHODS Potential relevant studies were identified covering the following databases: MEDLINE, Science Citation Index database, the Cochrane Library Database, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Current Contents Index, the Chinese Biomedical Database, the Chinese Journal Full-Text Database, and the Weipu Journal Database. Data from eligible studies were extracted and included into the meta-analysis using a random effects model. Statistical analyses were calculated using the version 12.0 STATA software. RESULTS A total of 33 articles including 1,433 subjects were collected for analysis. Pooled SMD of those studies revealed that serum levels of CRP and hs-CRP significantly decreased in patients with T2DM after receiving the metformin treatment. Subgroup analysis by country yielded significant different estimates in the serum levels of CRP between the baseline and after metformin treatment in the China, Israel and India subgroups; but only detected only in the China subgroup considering serum levels of hs-CRP. Follow-up time-stratified analyses indicated that serum levels of CRP were markedly reduced in the metformin-treated group in all subgroups. While differences in serum hs-CRP levels were not observed in two subgroups. CONCLUSION Decreased serum levels of CRP and hs-CRP may contribute to a more sensitive prediction in providing a more accurate efficacy reference in the metformin drug in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of PharmacyLiaochengP.R. China
| | | | - Kun Zhang
- Department of PharmacyLiaocheng Third People's HospitalLiaochengP.R. China
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