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Xu WM, Zhang HF, Feng YH, Li SJ, Xie BY. Genetically predicted fatty liver disease and risk of psychiatric disorders: A mendelian randomization study. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:2359-2369. [PMID: 38765736 PMCID: PMC11099412 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i14.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ArLD) constitute the primary forms of chronic liver disease, and their incidence is progressively increasing with changes in lifestyle habits. Earlier studies have documented a correlation between the occurrence and development of prevalent mental disorders and fatty liver. AIM To investigate the correlation between fatty liver and mental disorders, thus necessitating the implementation of a mendelian randomization (MR) study to elucidate this association. METHODS Data on NAFLD and ArLD were retrieved from the genome-wide association studies catalog, while information on mental disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, multiple personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia was acquired from the psychiatric genomics consortium. A two-sample MR method was applied to investigate mediators in significant associations. RESULTS After excluding weak instrumental variables, a causal relationship was identified between fatty liver disease and the occurrence and development of some psychiatric disorders. Specifically, the findings indicated that ArLD was associated with a significantly elevated risk of developing ADHD (OR: 5.81, 95%CI: 5.59-6.03, P < 0.01), bipolar disorder (OR: 5.73, 95%CI: 5.42-6.05, P = 0.03), OCD (OR: 6.42, 95%CI: 5.60-7.36, P < 0.01), and PTSD (OR: 5.66, 95%CI: 5.33-6.01, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, NAFLD significantly increased the risk of developing bipolar disorder (OR: 55.08, 95%CI: 3.59-845.51, P < 0.01), OCD (OR: 61.50, 95%CI: 6.69-565.45, P < 0.01), and PTSD (OR: 52.09, 95%CI: 4.24-639.32, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Associations were found between genetic predisposition to fatty liver disease and an increased risk of a broad range of psychiatric disorders, namely bipolar disorder, OCD, and PTSD, highlighting the significance of preventive measures against psychiatric disorders in patients with fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Xu
- Department of Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Fu Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong-Hang Feng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuo-Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bi-Yun Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
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Jadidi A, Irannejad B, Salehi M, Safarabadi M. Effect of stachys lavandulifolia on occupational stress in emergency medical technicians. Explore (NY) 2023; 19:803-805. [PMID: 37061348 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE According to studies, occupational stress is quite prevalent among Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs). On the other hand, it has been shown that Stachys lavandulifolia, also known as the Mountain Tea in Iran, has anxiolytic properties. Considering the current increasing trend of using remedies based on alternative medicine for stress management, the present clinical trial intended to investigate the effect of Stachys lavandulifolia on occupational stress in EMTs METHODS: The present study included 60 EMTs working in Arak, Markazi province, Iran, who were randomly divided into study and control groups. The study group was treated with tea made of Stachys lavandulifolia (2 g daily) for 2 months, while the control group was treated with black tea. Moreover, the level of occupational stress in the study participants was assessed using the Hospital Stress Scale (HSS-35) before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 22. RESULTS According to our results, the mean occupational stress score was significantly decreased in the study group after the intervention (p < 0.05). Moreover, the post-intervention scores were significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant change in occupational stress in the control group after the intervention (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In combination with other stress-relieving options, the tea made of Stachys lavandulifolia can be used as a complementary therapy for alleviating occupational stress in EMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jadidi
- School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran; Department of Traditional medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Behrooz Irannejad
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Salehi
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center (TCMRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran; Department of Traditional medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mehdi Safarabadi
- School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran; Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
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Laggoune S, Kabouche A, Kabouche Z, Lakhal H. Biological activities and polyphenolic profile of Stachys arvensis (L.) L. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37812179 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2265534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The n-butanol extract of Stachys arvensis (L.) L. aerial parts (BESA) was analysed by LC-HRMS/MS. 43 Polyphenols, including flavonoids, cinnamic acid derivatives, phenylethaoids, chromones, gallotannins, coumarins and chalcones with hyperoside (13.85%), panasenoside (10.31%), myricitrin (7.89%) and sayaendoside (7.16%), as the major compounds, were identified. High total phenolics (470.21 ± 1.22 mg GAE/g extract) and total flavonoids (189.05 ± 0.72 mg QE/g extract) contents were measured. In addition, the BESA exhibited a higher antioxidant effect in CUPRAC (A0.5:0.45 ± 0.03 μg/mL), DPPH (IC50:4.51 ± 0.16 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50:7.10 ± 0.18 μg/mL) assays than the standards BHA and α-Tocopherol. Moreover the extract showed a good inhibitory effect against BChE (IC50: 145.02 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50:2.66 ± 0.0024 mg/mL). The BESA exhibited an excellent anti-inflammatory activity (IC50:416 ± 0,056 μg/mL) which was close to that of acetylsalicylic acid, used as a control. The BESA was toxic towards T. molitor larvae and it possessed a good antibacterial activity against gram (+) and gram (-) tested strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheila Laggoune
- Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Université frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology. Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Jijel, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Kabouche
- Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Université frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Université frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, INATAA, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Zahia Kabouche
- Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Université frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hichem Lakhal
- Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Université frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Faculté de Technologie, Université Mohamed Boudiaf, M'sila, Algeria
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Nanoencapsulation of Vaccinium ashei Leaf Extract in Eudragit ® RS100-Based Nanoparticles Increases Its In Vitro Antioxidant and In Vivo Antidepressant-like Actions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010084. [PMID: 36678581 PMCID: PMC9866962 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major psychiatric disorder in Brazil and worldwide. Vaccinium ashei (V. ashei) leaves are cultivation by-products with high bioactive compound levels. Here, a hydroalcoholic extract of V. ashei leaves (HEV) was associated with Eudragit® RS100-based nanoparticles (NPHEV) to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo antidepressant-like effects. Interfacial deposition of the preformed polymer method was used for NPHEV production. The formulations were evaluated regarding physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging and oxygen radical absorbance capacity), and antidepressant-like action (1-25 mg/kg, single intragastric administration) assessed in forced swimming and tail suspension tests in male Balb-C mice. The NPHEV presented sizes in the nanometric range (144-206 nm), positive zeta potential values (8-15 mV), polydispersity index below 0.2, and pH in the acid range. The phenolic compound content was near the theoretical values, although the rutin presented higher encapsulation efficiency (~95%) than the chlorogenic acid (~60%). The nanoencapsulation improved the HEV antioxidant effect and antidepressant-like action by reducing the immobility time in both behavioral tests. Hence, Eudragit® RS100 nanoparticles containing HEV were successfully obtained and are a promising alternative to manage depression.
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Khoramjouy M, Bayanati M, Noori S, Faizi M, Zarghi A. Effects of Ziziphus Jujuba Extract Alone and Combined with Boswellia Serrata Extract on Monosodium Iodoacetate Model of Osteoarthritis in Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e134338. [PMID: 36896317 PMCID: PMC9990515 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-134338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background As a chronic joint condition, osteoarthritis (OA) is a common problem among older people. Pain, aching, stiffness, swelling, decreased flexibility, reduced function, and disability are the symptoms of arthritis. Objectives In this study, we tested the extracts of Ziziphus jujuba (ZJE) and Boswellia serrata (BSE) to reduce OA symptoms as an alternative treatment. Methods NMRI mice were administered an intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA; 1 mg/10 mL) in the left knee joint cavity for the induction of OA. Hydroalcoholic extracts of ZJE (250 and 500 mg/kg), BSE (100 and 200 mg/kg), and combined ZJE and BSE were orally administered daily for 21 days. Following behavioral tests, plasma samples were collected to detect inflammatory factors. To screen for general toxicity, acute oral toxicity was evaluated. Results Oral administration of all the hydroalcoholic extracts significantly increased the locomotor activity, pixel values of the foot-print area, paw withdrawal threshold, the latency of the withdrawal response to heat stimulation, and decreased the difference between pixel values of hind limbs compared to the vehicle group. Also, the elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were reduced. As tested in this study, ZJE and BSE were practically nontoxic and had a high degree of safety. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the oral administration of ZJE and BSE slows the progression of OA through anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. Oral co-administration of ZJE and BSE extracts can be used as herbal medicine to inhibit OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Khoramjouy
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bayanati
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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V. H. P, M. K. J, H. R. R, Shivamurthy VKN, Patil SM, Shirahatti PS, Ramu R. New insights on the phytochemical intervention for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders using the leaves of Michelia champaca: an in vivo and in silico approach. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1656-1668. [PMID: 36052952 PMCID: PMC9448401 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Michelia champaca L. (Magnoliaceae) has been known since ancient times for its rich medicinal properties. OBJECTIVE The ethanol extract of Michelia champaca leaves (EEMC) was evaluated on depression and anxiety using in vivo and in silico studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Swiss albino mice were divided into control, standard, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. EEMC groups and for drug administration using oral gavage. The antidepressant activity was evaluated using forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) whereas the anxiolytic activity through elevated plus maze and light and dark tests. The in silico studies included molecular docking against human potassium channel KCSA-FAB and human serotonin transporter, and ADME/T analysis. RESULTS Open arm duration and entries were comparable between 200 mg/kg b.w. group (184.45 ± 1.00 s and 6.25 ± 1.11, respectively) and that of diazepam treated group (180.02 s ± 0.40 and 6.10 ± 0.05, respectively). Time spent in the light cubicle was higher (46.86 ± 0.03%), similar to that of diazepam (44.33 ± 0.64%), suggesting its potent anxiolytic activity. A delayed onset of immobility and lowered immobility time was seen at both the treatment doses (FST: 93.7 ± 1.70 and 89.1 ± 0.40 s; TST: 35.05 ± 2.75 and 38.50 ± 4.10 s) and the standard drug imipramine (FST: 72.7 ± 3.72 and TST: 30.01 ± 2.99 s), indicative of its antidepressant ability. In silico studies predicted doripenem to induce anxiolytic and antidepressant activity by inhibiting human potassium channel KCSA-FAB and human serotonin transporter proteins, respectively. CONCLUSIONS EEMC is a rich source of bioactive compounds with strong antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa V. H.
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
- CONTACT Pushpa V. H. Department of Pharmacology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka570015, India
| | - Jayanthi M. K.
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Rashmi H. R.
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Veeresh Kumar N. Shivamurthy
- Department of Neurology, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Trinity Health Of New England, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Shashank M. Patil
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Prithvi S. Shirahatti
- Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Mysuru, India
- St. Joseph's College for Women, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramith Ramu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
- Ramith Ramu Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
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Artemisia Species with High Biological Values as a Potential Source of Medicinal and Cosmetic Raw Materials. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196427. [PMID: 36234965 PMCID: PMC9571683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia species play a vital role in traditional and contemporary medicine. Among them, Artemisia abrotanum, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia annua, Artemisia dracunculus, and Artemisia vulgaris are the most popular. The chemical composition and bioactivity of these species have been extensively studied. Studies on these species have confirmed their traditional applications and documented new pharmacological directions and their valuable and potential applications in cosmetology. Artemisia ssp. primarily contain sesquiterpenoid lactones, coumarins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Essential oils obtained from these species are of great biological importance. Extracts from Artemisia ssp. have been scientifically proven to exhibit, among others, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, cytotoxic, and digestion-stimulating activities. In addition, their application in cosmetic products is currently the subject of several studies. Essential oils or extracts from different parts of Artemisia ssp. have been characterized by antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Products with Artemisia extracts, essential oils, or individual compounds can be used on skin, hair, and nails. Artemisia products are also used as ingredients in skincare cosmetics, such as creams, shampoos, essences, serums, masks, lotions, and tonics. This review focuses especially on elucidating the importance of the most popular/important species of the Artemisia genus in the cosmetic industry.
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Bonokwane MB, Lekhooa M, Struwig M, Aremu AO. Antidepressant Effects of South African Plants: An Appraisal of Ethnobotanical Surveys, Ethnopharmacological and Phytochemical Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895286. [PMID: 35846999 PMCID: PMC9277359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the search for safe and potent natural-based treatment for depression is receiving renewed interest given the numerous side-effects associated with many existing drugs. In South Africa, the use of plants to manage depression and related symptoms is fairly documented among different ethnic groups. In the current study, we reviewed existing ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies on South African medicinal plants used to manage depression. Electronic databases were accessed for scientific literature that meets the inclusion criteria. Plants with ethnobotanical evidence were subjected to a further pharmacological review to establish the extent (if any) of their effectiveness as antidepressants. Critical assessment resulted in 20 eligible ethnobotanical records, which generated an inventory of 186 plants from 63 plant families. Due to the cultural differences observed in the definition of depression, or lack of definition in some cultures, most plants are reported to treat a wide range of atypical symptoms related to depression. Boophone disticha, Leonotis leonurus and Mentha longifolia were identified as the three most popular plants, with over eight mentions each from the ethnobotanical records. The dominant families were Asteraceae (24), Fabaceae (16), Amaryllidaceae (10), and Apocynaceae (10) which accounted for about 32% of the 186 plants. Only 27 (≈14.5%) of the plants have been screened for antidepressant activity using in vitro and in vivo models. Agapanthus campanulatus, Boophone disticha, Hypericum perforatum, Mondia whitei and Xysmalobium undulatum, represent the most studied plants. Phytochemical investigation on nine out of the 27 plants revealed 24 compounds with antidepressant-like effects. Some of these included buphanidrine and buphanamine which were isolated from the leaves of Boophone disticha, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabichromene obtained from the buds of Cannabis sativa and carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid and salvigenin from Rosmarinus officinalis, A significant portion (≈85%) of 186 plants with ethnobotanical records still require pharmacological studies to assess their potential antidepressant-like effects. This review remains a valuable reference material that may guide future ethnobotanical surveys to ensure their robustness and validity as well as database to identify promising plants to screen for pharmacology efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melia Bokaeng Bonokwane
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Makhotso Lekhooa
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Makhotso Lekhooa, ; Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu,
| | - Madeleen Struwig
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Makhotso Lekhooa, ; Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu,
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Ferah Okkay I, Okkay U, Gundogdu OL, Bayram C, Mendil AS, Ertugrul MS, Hacimuftuoglu A. Syringic acid protects against thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy: Behavioral, biochemical, and molecular evidence. Neurosci Lett 2021; 769:136385. [PMID: 34871743 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of syringic acid on thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy which is a complex serious syndrome with neuropsychiatric abnormalities related to acute liver dysfunctions like cirrhosis. Rats were treated with syringic acid (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days in treatment groups. Hepatic encephalopathy was induced by three doses of (200 mg/kg i.p.) thioacetamide injection. Syringic acid effectively alleviated thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury via reduction in ammonia, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and decrease in oxidative stress (decreased MDA, ROS and increased SOD and GSH). Syringic acid also attenuated inflammatory injury by suppressing TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB and increasing IL-10. The caspase-3 expression was also down-regulated in both liver and brain tissues. Immunohistochemical results confirmed the recovery with syringic acid by downregulation of iNOS, 8-OHdG and GFAP expression. Syringic acid decreased the deteriorating effects of thioacetamide as seen by reduced ammonia concentration and also preserved astrocyte and hepatocyte structure. The behavioral test results from elevated plus maze test, similar to the open-field locomotor test results, confirmed that syringic acid can reverse behavioral impairments. In conclusion, syringic acid exerted hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects against hepatic encephalopathy by mitigating hepatotoxicity biomarkers, exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects in addition to suppressing hyperammonemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmak Ferah Okkay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Turkey.
| | - Ufuk Okkay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Turkey
| | - Omer Lutfi Gundogdu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Turkey
| | - Cemil Bayram
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Turkey
| | - Ali Sefa Mendil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Turkey
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Ekiert H, Świątkowska J, Knut E, Klin P, Rzepiela A, Tomczyk M, Szopa A. Artemisia dracunculus (Tarragon): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653993. [PMID: 33927629 PMCID: PMC8076785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon), Asteraceae, is a species that has long been used in traditional Asian medicine, mainly in Iran, Pakistan, Azerbaijan and India. It is known as a spice species in Asia, Europe and the Americas. The raw materials obtained from this species are herb and leaf. The presence of essential oil with a highly variable composition, as well as flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins and alkamides, determines the medicinal and/or spice properties of the plant. In traditional Asian medicine, this species is used, for example, in the treatment of digestive system diseases, as an analgesic, hypnotic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent, and as an effective remedy in the treatment of helminthiasis. Nowadays, A. dracunculus is the subject of professional phytochemical and pharmacological researches. Pharmacological studies have confirmed its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects known from traditional uses; they have also proved very important new findings regarding its biological activity, such as antioxidant, immunomodulating and anti-tumour activities, as well as hepatoprotective and hypoglycaemic effects. A. dracunculus has long-held an established position in the food industry as a spice. And its use is growing in the cosmetics industry. Moreover, it is the subject of biotechnological research focused mainly on the development of micro-propagation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Świątkowska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Knut
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Klin
- Family Medicine Clinic, Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum (MVZ) Burgbernheim GmbH, Burgbernheim, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Rzepiela
- Museum of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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11
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Phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of the genus artemisia. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:439-474. [PMID: 33893998 PMCID: PMC8067791 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia and its allied species have been employed for conventional medicine in the Northern temperate regions of North America, Europe, and Asia for the treatments of digestive problems, morning sickness, irregular menstrual cycle, typhoid, epilepsy, renal problems, bronchitis malaria, etc. The multidisciplinary use of artemisia species has various other health benefits that are related to its traditional and modern pharmaceutical perspectives. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the traditional, modern, biological as well as pharmacological use of the essential oil and herbal extracts of Artemisia nilagirica, Artemisia parviflora, and other allied species of Artemisia. It also discusses the botanical circulation and its phytochemical constituents viz disaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and carotenoids. The plants have different biological importance like antiparasitic, antimalarial, antihyperlipidemic, antiasthmatic, antiepileptic, antitubercular, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anxiolytic, antiemetic, antidepressant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, insecticidal, antiviral activities, and also against COVID-19. Toxicological studies showed that the plants at a low dose and short duration are non or low-toxic. In contrast, a high dose at 3 g/kg and for a longer duration can cause toxicity like rapid respiration, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, etc. However, further in-depth studies are needed to determine the medicinal uses, clinical efficacy and safety are crucial next steps.
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Shirzad S, Neamati A, Vafaee F, Ghazavi H. Bufo viridis secretions improve anxiety and depression-like behavior following intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid β. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 15:571-582. [PMID: 33828600 PMCID: PMC8020856 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.301342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Venenum Bufonis is a Chinese traditional medicine produced from the glandular secretions of toads that contain biogenic amines, which have anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to examine the effect of Bufo viridis secretions (BVS) on anxiety and depression-like behavior and hippocampal senile plaques volume in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental approach: Thirty-eight male Wistar rats were used. AD was induced by amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) (10 μg/2 μL, intracerebroventricular injection, icv) and then BVS at 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally (ip) in six equal intervals over 21 days. Anxiety and depression-like behavior were assessed using behavioral tests including open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and forced swimming test (FST) 21 days after the surgery. The volume of senile plaques was assessed based on the Cavalieri principle. Findings/Results: Results of the OFT showed that the central crossing number and the time in the AD group were significantly decreased compared to the sham group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Also, the values of these two parameters significantly increased in the AD + BVS80 group than the AD group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The time spent in the closed arm in the EPM dramatically increased in the AD group compared to the sham group (P < 0.05) and significantly decreased in the AD + BVS80 group compared to the AD group (P < 0.05). Results of the FST indicated that immobility time had a reduction in the AD + BVS20 (P < 0.01), AD + BVS40, and AD + BVS80 groups compared to the AD group (P < 0.001). The volume of senile plaques in the hippocampus showed a reduction in the treatment groups in comparison with the AD group (P < 0.001 for all). Conclusion and implications: Results revealed that BVS injection could improve symptoms of anxiety and depression and decrease senile plaques in the hippocampus in an animal model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Shirzad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - Ali Neamati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vafaee
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - Hamed Ghazavi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
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Tomou EM, Barda C, Skaltsa H. Genus Stachys: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Bioactivity. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:E63. [PMID: 33003416 PMCID: PMC7601302 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present review highlights that Stachys spp. consist an important source of bioactive phytochemicals and exemplifies the uncharted territory of this genus for new research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.-M.T.); (C.B.)
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Saffariha M, Jahani A, Potter D. Seed germination prediction of Salvia limbata under ecological stresses in protected areas: an artificial intelligence modeling approach. BMC Ecol 2020; 20:48. [PMID: 32861248 PMCID: PMC7456011 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-020-00316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia is a large, diverse, and polymorphous genus of the family Lamiaceae, comprising about 900 ornamentals, medicinal species with almost cosmopolitan distribution in the world. The success of Salvia limbata seed germination depends on a numerous ecological factors and stresses. We aimed to analyze Salvia limbata seed germination under four ecological stresses of salinity, drought, temperature and pH, with application of artificial intelligence modeling techniques such as MLR (Multiple Linear Regression), and MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron). The S.limbata seeds germination was tested in different combinations of abiotic conditions. Five different temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C, seven drought treatments of 0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10 and -12 bars, eight treatments of salinity containing 0, 50, 100.150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mM of NaCl, and six pH treatments of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 were tested. Indeed 228 combinations were tested to determine the percentage of germination for model development. RESULTS Comparing to the MLR, the MLP model represents the significant value of R2 in training (0.95), validation (0.92) and test data sets (0.93). According to the results of sensitivity analysis, the values of drought, salinity, pH and temperature are respectively known as the most significant variables influencing S. limbata seed germination. Areas with high moisture content and low salinity in the soil have a high potential to seed germination of S. limbata. Also, the temperature of 18.3 °C and pH of 7.7 are proposed for achieving the maximum number of germinated S. limbata seeds. CONCLUSIONS Multilayer perceptron model helps managers to determine the success of S.limbata seed planting in agricultural or natural ecosystems. The designed graphical user interface is an environmental decision support system tool for agriculture or rangeland managers to predict the success of S.limbata seed germination (percentage) in different ecological constraints of lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Saffariha
- Rangeland Management, College of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jahani
- Faculty of Natural Environment and Biodiversity Department, College of Environment, Standard Square, Karaj, Iran
| | - Daniel Potter
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
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Pritsas A, Tomou EM, Tsitsigianni E, Papaemmanouil CD, Diamantis DA, Chatzopoulou P, Tzakos AG, Skaltsa H. Valorisation of stachysetin from cultivated Stachys iva Griseb. as anti-diabetic agent: a multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6452-6466. [PMID: 32731792 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1799864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stachys species are considered as important medicinal plants with numerous health benefit effects. In continuation of our research on the Greek Stachys species, the chemical profile of the aerial parts of cultivated S. iva Griseb. has been explored. The NMR profiles of the plant extract/infusion were used to guide the isolation process, leading to the targeted isolation of seventeen known compounds. The rare acylated flavonoid, stachysetin, was isolated for the third time from plant species in the international literature. Identification of the characteristic signals of stachysetin in the 1D 1H-NMR spectrum of the crude extract was presented. In order to evaluate the potential of the identified chemical space in Stachys to bear possible bioactivity against diabetes, we performed an in silico screening against 17 proteins implicated in diabetes, as also ligand based similarity metrics against established anti-diabetic drugs. The results capitalized the anti-diabetic potency of stachysetin. Its binding profile to the major drug carrier plasma protein serum albumin was also explored along with its photophysical properties suggesting that stachysetin could be recognized and delivered in plasma through serum albumin and also could be tracked through near-infrared imaging. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Pritsas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsitsigianni
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina D Papaemmanouil
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Diamantis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paschalina Chatzopoulou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Institute of Breeding and Plant Genetic Resources, IBPGR, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
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Jahani R, Khoramjouy M, Nasiri A, Sojoodi Moghaddam M, Asgharzadeh Salteh Y, Faizi M. Neuro-Behavioral Profile and Toxicity of the Essential Oil of Dorema ammoniacum Gum as an Anti-seizure, Anti-nociceptive, and Hypnotic Agent with Memory-enhancing Properties in D-Galactose Induced Aging Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 19:110-121. [PMID: 33680015 PMCID: PMC7757986 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.113738.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we focused on the neuro-behavioral profile, toxicity, and possible mechanisms of action of Dorema ammoniacum gum essential oil (DAG-EO). For this purpose, passive avoidance and Y-maze tests were performed to evaluate the potential effect of DAG-EO in the attenuation of memory impairment induced by 49 days administration of D-galactose and acute injection of scopolamine. Anticonvulsant and anti-nociceptive activities of DAG-EO were evaluated in the pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock-induced models of seizure and acetic acid-induced writhing tests, respectively. To find the possible mechanism of action, flumazenil and naloxone were used. Furthermore, the possible side effects were determined in the open field, grip strength, and rotarod tests. Our findings supported that 7-day administration of DAG-EO (50 and 100 mg/kg) improves memory impairment induced following administration of D-galactose and scopolamine. It was also revealed that DAG-EO possesses a dose-dependent sedative-hypnotic (100 mg/kg), anticonvulsant (ED50 ≈ 170 mg/kg), and anti-nociceptive (ED50 ≈ 175 mg/kg) activities possibly mediated via directly and/or indirectly modulation of GABAA and opioid receptors. No side effect was observed except muscle relaxation which was less than that of diazepam. The output of this study confirms anti-seizure, anti-nociceptive, sedative-hypnotic, and memory-enhancing properties of DAG-EO by modulation of GABAA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jahani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mona Khoramjouy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Nasiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Sojoodi Moghaddam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yousef Asgharzadeh Salteh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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