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Pour-Rashidi A, Turgut M, Fallahpour M, Mohammadi E, Hanaei S, Rezaei N. Central nervous system hydatidosis around the world: a systematic review. J Neurosurg Sci 2023; 67:653-663. [PMID: 36800683 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.22.05817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Echinococcosis is a chronic disease caused by Echinococcus species. The central nervous system (CNS) hydatidosis is still a major concern, especially in endemic countries, due to non-specific features and late diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to provide a systematic review to elucidate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of CNS hydatidosis worldwide over the past decades. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid, and Google Scholar were systematically searched. The gray literature and the references of included studies were searched as well. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Our results showed that the CNS hydatid cyst was more prevalent in the male gender, and it is known as a recurrent disease with a rate of 26.5%. CNS hydatidosis was more common in the supratentorial region and was also significantly common in developing countries, including Türkiye and Iran. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that the disease would be more prevalent in developing countries. Also, there would be a trend toward a male predominance of CNS hydatid cyst, younger age involvement, and the recurrence rate of 25% in general. There is no consensus about chemotherapy unless in recurrent disease and the patients who experienced cyst rupture intraoperatively, recommended for a wide range of 3 to 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Pour-Rashidi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehmet Turgut
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Efeler, Türkiye
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University Health Sciences Institute, Efeler, Türkiye
| | - Mahshid Fallahpour
- Department of Public Health, San Diego State University (SDSU), - University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hanaei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran -
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Casulli A, Pane S, Randi F, Scaramozzino P, Carvelli A, Marras CE, Carai A, Santoro A, Santolamazza F, Tamarozzi F, Putignani L. Primary cerebral cystic echinococcosis in a child from Roman countryside: Source attribution and scoping review of cases from the literature. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011612. [PMID: 37669300 PMCID: PMC10503711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the species belonging to the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) complex. Parasitic cysts causing human CE are mainly localized in the liver and in the lungs. In a smaller number of cases, larvae may establish in any organ or tissue, including the central nervous system (CNS). Cerebral CE (CCE) is rare but poses serious clinical challenges. METHODS This study presents a case of CCE in a child living in the countryside near Rome (Italy), along with a comparative molecular analysis of the isolated cyst specimens from the patient and sheep of local farms. We also systematically searched the literature to summarize the most relevant epidemiological and clinical aspects of this uncommon localization. FINDINGS The comparative molecular analysis confirmed that the infection was caused by E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) (G3 genotype), and most likely acquired in the family farm. The literature search identified 2,238 cases of CCE. In 80.51% of cases, brain was the only localization and single CCE cysts were present in 84.07% of cases. Mean patients' age was 20 years and 70.46% were children. Cyst rupture was reported in 12.96% and recurrence of CCE after treatment in 9.61% of cases. Permanent disability was reported in 7.86% of cases, while death occurred in 6.21%. In case series reporting all CE localization, CCE represented 1.5% of all CE cases. In the few reports that identified at molecular level the CCE cyst, E. granulosus s.s. was found in 40% and E. canadensis in 60% of cases. CONCLUSIONS We report a rare case of CCE and evidenced the probable local origin of infection. The proportions of CE cases with uncommon localizations and with high impact on patients' lives have been globally neglected and should be included in the computation of the global burden of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Casulli
- WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Pane
- Unit of Microbiomics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Randi
- Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Scaramozzino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Epidemiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carvelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Epidemiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Azzurra Santoro
- WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Santolamazza
- WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Tamarozzi
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, WHO Collaborating centre on Strongyloidiasis and other Neglected Tropical Diseases, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Microbiomics; Research Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Maraby-Salgado J, Mo-Carrascal J, Aquino-Matus J, Calderon-Miranda WG, Agrawal A, Joaquin AF, Al-Dhahir M, Hoz S, Pacheco-Hernandez MT, Padilla H, Moscote-Salazar LR. Brain hydatidosis: review of the literature. ROMANIAN NEUROSURGERY 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/romneu-2017-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hydatidosis is a common disease worldwide. The causal agent may compromise any Organ of the body, the cerebral location is infrequent. The infection is caused by the larval form of Cestodo Echinococcus granulosus. The man is an accidental intermediary host for food consumption or water contaminated with eggs present in animal feces. We present a review of the literature. At the imaging level, the disease has a classic characteristic consisting of single, usually unilocular and less frequent multilocular, intra-axial and more frequently hemispheric cerebral lesions, compromising the vascular territory of the middle cerebral artery by the hematogenous dissemination of the parasite.
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Dhingra D, Sethi GR, Mantan M. Intracranial hydatid cyst. Indian J Pediatr 2014; 81:212. [PMID: 23564517 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-013-1015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhulika Dhingra
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India,
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Lotfinia I, Sayyahmelli S, Mahdkhah A, Shoja MM. Intradural extramedullary primary hydatid cyst of the spine: a case report and review of literature. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2012; 22 Suppl 3:S329-36. [PMID: 22706667 PMCID: PMC3641261 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-012-2373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Primary intradural extramedullary hydatid cyst is a rare form of parasitic infection, causing focal neurological signs, commonly observed in sheep-raising areas of the world. We report a rare case of intradural, extramedullary spinal cyst, which we had misdiagnosis in the first surgery, because of rarity of the case. A 55-year-old man presented to our hospital in August 2008. He was admitted to our clinic because of lumbar pain of increasing severity and progressive difficulty with walking and stiffness of both lower limbs, which had lasted for 1 month. On the basis of imaging results, arachnoid cyst of the lumbar spine was diagnosed. Due to rapid progression of the patient's symptoms toward spastic paraplegia, he underwent an emergency surgical decompression procedure. The patient underwent exploratory surgery using a posterior approach. A L1-L2 laminectomy was performed. After opening the dura, an intradural extramedullary cystic mass was determined. The surgical specimen measured 6 × 2 cm and was described as a whitish, pearl-like, semitranslucent, cystic material, which was thought to be parasitic. Surgery has to be followed by albendazole therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Lotfinia
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Shohda Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Limaiem F, Bellil S, Bellil K, Chelly I, Mekni A, Khaldi M, Haouet S, Zitouna M, Kchir N. Primary hydatidosis of the central nervous system: a retrospective study of 39 Tunisian cases. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2009; 112:23-8. [PMID: 19781849 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms, radiological aspects, treatment and outcome of central nervous system hydatidosis and compare our results with those reported in literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS In our retrospective study, we reviewed 39 cases of primary central nervous system hydatid cysts operated on in our hospital between 1998 and 2007. RESULTS There were 20 male and 19 female patients (sex-ratio M/F=1.05) between 2 and 68 years of age (mean=26.5 years). Thirteen of the patients were children (33.3%) with a mean age of 6.8 years and 26 were adults (66.7%) with a mean age of 36.3 years. The location of hydatid cysts was intracranial in 27 cases (69.2%) and spinal in 12 cases (30.8%). Headache and motor deficits were the predominant symptoms in patients with intracranial hydatidosis whereas back pain and spinal cord compression syndrome were the most frequent clinical presentations in patients with spinal hydatidosis. All patients underwent surgical resection of the cyst. Pathologic findings were consistent with hydatid cyst in all cases. During the follow-up period which ranged between 12 months and 5 years, 12 patients had recurrence (30.7%). Only one patient with intracranial hydatid cyst died postoperatively due to anaphylactic shock. CONCLUSION Despite all the advances in imaging techniques and therapeutic methods, central nervous system hydatidosis remains difficult to cure and patient outcomes are not satisfactory especially in case of spinal involvement due to the high incidence of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Limaiem
- Department of Pathology, La Rabta Hospital, Bab Saâdoun, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.
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