1
|
Kouhjani M, Saberi A, Hadizadeh F, Khodaverdi E, Karimi M, Gholizadeh E, Kamali H, Nokhodchi A. Development of Sustained Release Formulations Based on Lipid-Liquid Crystal to Control the Release of Deoxycholate: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:224. [PMID: 37946092 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous injections of phosphatidylcholine (PC), sodium deoxycholate (NADC), and a mixture of them were found to be an effective option for treating cellulite. However, it is noteworthy that the injection of NADC may result in inflammation as well as necrosis in the injection area. The preparation of a sustained release formulation based on lipid-liquid crystal that controls the release of NADC could be a potential solution to address the issue of inflammation and necrosis at the site of injection. To present a practical and validated approach for accurately determining the concentration of NADC in LLC formulations, spectrofluorimetry was used based on the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) Q2 guidelines. Based on the validation results, the fluorometric technique has been confirmed as a reliable, efficient, and economical analytical method for quantifying NADC concentrations. The method demonstrated favorable attributes of linearity, precision, and accuracy, with an r2 value of 0.999. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent interday and intraday repeatability, with RSD values below 4%. The recovery percentages ranged from 97 to 100%, indicating the method's ability to accurately measure NADC concentrations. The subcutaneous injection of the LLC-NADC demonstrated a reduction in inflammation and tissue necrosis in skin tissue, along with an increase in fat lysis within 30 days, when compared to the administration of only NADC solution. Moreover, the histopathological assessment confirmed that the use of the LLC formulation did not result in any detrimental side effects for kidney or heart tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kouhjani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arezoo Saberi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Khodaverdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Karimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elaheh Gholizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Kamali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
- Lupin Research Inc., Coral Springs, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vetrano IG, Acerbi F, Marucci G, Nazzi V. The effect of ozone injection within a common peroneal nerve schwannoma: A mistreatment due to a misdiagnosis. Surg Neurol Int 2020; 11:413. [PMID: 33365176 PMCID: PMC7749957 DOI: 10.25259/sni_296_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peripheral schwannomas can be misdiagnosed or mistreated as they can mimic other subcutaneous lesions, leading to wrong diagnosis and, therefore, to improper treatment. Case Description: A 23-years-old male presented a painful growing nodule at the left popliteal fossa, with distally irradiated pain. A first magnetic resonance imaging depicted a heterogeneous lesion between common peroneal and sural nerves but, surprisingly, the patient was submitted to perilesional injection of ozone-oxygen mixture, causing the onset of intense neuropathic pain. A second MRI showed a morphological change of tumor characteristics. He finally underwent surgery but, intraoperatively, inter-fascicular fibrous adherences were noticed, making the tumor removal more difficult and riskier. The histopathological diagnosis was of schwannoma with areas of foreign body reaction. Conclusion: The injection of ozone or other substances within a subcutaneous swelling should be avoided, before a complete imaging assessment; because of such swelling could be a peripheral nerve schwannoma. The correct assessment of a lesion of the limbs determining radiating pain should be carefully demanded to a thorough history, clinical examination, and appropriate imaging technique. To avoid incorrect management, the treatment of such tumors should be performed in the first place by dedicated equips with proven expertise in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Acerbi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Marucci
- Department of Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Nazzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|