Gorlin-goltz syndrome

Radiological evaluation of odontogenic keratocysts in patients with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: A review

Background

Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal dominant syndrome that has various expressions in each patient. Generally; NBCCS is followed by multiple nevoid basal cell carcinoma of the skin, orbital anomalies, skeletal anomalies, central nervous system anomalies and multiple odontogenic keratocysts (OK). NBCCS is usually diagnosed between the ages of 5-30 years, with multiple basal cell carcinomas of the skin and OKs in the jaws as the initial findings. The purpose of this paper is to describe and compare the radiographic findings of the OKs in NBCCS patients in the literature with additional cases.

Materials and Methods

In this study, we evaluated the OKs of the patients with NBCCS in PubMed Database with 5 additional cases from our database. A total of 305 articles were found and the articles in English with full-text access were evaluated.

Results

Despite all limitations for a fair discussion; we would like to state that among 59 cases that specified whether a 3D or 2D imaging modality was used, 29 cases were only interpreted with 2D data which should be avoided in OK evaluation.

Discussion

According to the World Health Organization's Classification of Head and Neck Tumours Book which was published in 2017, OKs in NBCCS has a higher chance to have small satellite cystic lesions which increase their recurrence possibility post-operatively, thus, a thorough clinical and 3D radiographic evaluation should be performed both to NBCCS patients and non-syndromic OK patients to avoid any recurrence.

Conclusion

High recurrence rates of OKs should be reminded all the time. Radiographic examinations with 3D imaging modalities should be done in patients with NBCCS in order to provide a concise diagnosis and optimum treatment.

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome: A case series of 5 patients in North Indian population with comparative analysis of literature

Objective:

In Indian scenario, Gorlin–Goltz syndrome (nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome [NBCCS]) has been rarely reported. The clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings and major and minor criteria in five cases of NBCCS in North Indian population have been presented along with a discussion of the role of gene mutation analysis in early diagnosis of syndrome.

Materials and Methods:

The diagnostic findings of Gorlin–Goltz syndrome in 5 patients were compared with other reports in Indian population and with reports of this syndrome in other parts of the world.

Results:

The most common features seen were keratocystic odontogenic tumors (100%), calcifications of falx cerebri (60%), palmar-plantar pits (80%), rib anomalies (80%), macroencephaly (60%), ocular hypertelorism (80%), and frontal bossing (60%) in our series. Retained deciduous teeth seen in 80% patients whose association has not been previously reported has been presented. None of our patients had basal cell carcinoma, syndactyly or polydactyly, pectus deformity, bridging of sella turcica, pigmented nevi, or family history of this syndrome in contrast to such findings in other Indian patients. Medulloblastoma has not been reported in any Indian patient so far compared to this finding in other studies conducted worldwide.

Conclusions:

Combining the features of 48 patients in 38 cases of NBCCS being published in Indian literature with five cases of our series and on comparison with other studies in the world, a wide disparity in different ethnic groups and a wide variation in presentation of syndrome within the same population is suggested.