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Biomaterials and Clinical Applications of Customized Healing Abutment-A Narrative Review. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040291. [PMID: 36547551 PMCID: PMC9781385 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Customized healing abutments have been introduced in clinical practice along with implant surgery to preserve or create natural-appearing hard and soft tissue around the implant. This provides the benefits of reducing the overall treatment time by eliminating the second stage and reducing the elapsed time of the fabrication of the final prostheses. This article aims to review the types and properties of materials used for the fabrication of customized healing abutments and their clinical applications. Articles published in English on customized healing abutments were searched in Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and the Scopus databases up to August 2022. The relevant articles were selected and included in this literature review. Customized healing abutments can be fabricated from materials available for dental implants, including PEEK, PMMA, zirconia, resin composite, and titanium. All the materials can be used following both immediate and delayed implant placement. Each material provides different mechanical and biological properties that influence the peri-implant tissues. In conclusion, the studies have demonstrated promising outcomes for all the materials. However, further investigation comparing the effects of each material on peri-implant soft and hard tissues is required.
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Gholami GA, Karamlou M, Fekrazad R, Ghanavati F, Hakimiha N, Romanos G. Comparison of the Effects of Er, Cr: YSGG Laser and Super-Saturated Citric Acid on the Debridement of Contaminated Implant Surfaces. J Lasers Med Sci 2018; 9:254-260. [PMID: 31119020 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2018.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Several techniques such as using citric acid, plastic curettes, ultrasonic devices, and lasers have been suggested for debridement of contaminated implant surfaces. This comparative investigation aimed to assess and compare the effects of Er, Cr: YSGG laser and super-saturated citric acid on the debridement of contaminated dental implant surfaces. Methods: In this in-vitro study, 12 contaminated failed implants were collected and randomly divided into 2 groups (6 in group A, and 6 in group B). Also, one implant was considered as the control. The implants were horizontally sectioned into coronal and apical portions and subsequently irradiated by Er, Cr: YSGG laser in coronal and citric acid in apical in group A and the opposite in group B. In order to evaluate the effect of water spray on the laser section, half the laser portion of the implants was irradiated using water, while the other half was irradiated without water with an irradiation time of 1 minute. Results: Results revealed that calculus and plaque removal was greater in the laser part of both groups (with and without water) compared to citric acid parts and the correlation between calculus removal and surface roughness were statistically significant. Furthermore, the surface roughness in the citric acid parts was significantly higher than in laser parts. Water spray during irradiation had a very small influence on understudy factors. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the Er, Cr: YSGG laser was more effective in calculus removal and caused less surface roughness compared with citric acid application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Ali Gholami
- Periodontology Department, Dental Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Karamlou
- Periodontology Department, Dental Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty - Laser research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Ghanavati
- Periodontology Department, Dental Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Hakimiha
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Georgios Romanos
- Division of Periodontology, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Effect of Various Laser Wavelengths on Temperature Changes During Periimplantitis Treatment. IMPLANT DENT 2018; 27:311-316. [PMID: 29489549 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Matys J, Botzenhart U, Gedrange T, Dominiak M. Thermodynamic effects after Diode and Er:YAG laser irradiation of grade IV and V titanium implants placed in bone - an ex vivo study. Preliminary report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 61:499-507. [PMID: 26985682 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2015-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many inserted implants are affected by peri-implantitis. The aim of our study was to evaluate increases in implant temperature, depending on the diameter and chemical composition of implants. In particular we measured the time it takes for the temperature of an implant to rise by 10°C and evaluated laser power settings required to prevent thermal injury when an implant surface is decontaminated during the treatment of peri-implantitis. The study analysed six implants placed in porcine ribs and divided into two groups according to their diameter and chemical composition (grade IV and grade V titanium). The implants were irradiated with Diode and Er:YAG lasers using different laser parameters. The temperature was measured with a K-type thermocouple. The temperature on the implant surface rose as the laser power increased and the implant diameter decreased. The time required to increase the temperature of an implant by 10°C was less than it was for titanium grade IV. The temperature gradient was below 10°C for all implants treated using a laser power up to 1 W. It is important to choose the correct laser parameters, depending on the chemical composition and diameter of the implant, so that decontamination of the implant surface is thorough, effective and safe.
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Valente NA, Calascibetta A, Patianna G, Mang T, Hatton M, Andreana S. Thermodynamic Effects of 3 Different Diode Lasers on an Implant-Bone Interface: An Ex-Vivo Study With Review of the Literature. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2016; 43:94-99. [PMID: 28001482 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-16-00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the increase of temperature following laser irradiation with 810 nm, 980 nm, and 1064 nm diode laser wavelengths, of an implant under conditions that more closely replicate those of the human body. A 4 × 14 mm machined surface implant was placed in a porcine rib to replicate the conductivity of heat given by the bone. A peri-implant vertical defect was made that was 2 mm wide and 2 mm deep to simulate bone resorption. Two thermocouples were positioned crestally and apically on the implant surface. The tip of the laser was kept 3 mm away from the surface and continuously moved in an up-and-down and side-to-side fashion, inside the defect for 60 seconds. Initial temperatures and the time needed to reach an increase of 10°C were recorded. The experiment was repeated at room temperature and in a 37°C water bath with the following settings: 0.6 W, 0.8 W, 1 W continuous and repeated in pulsed. A critical increase of temperature of more than 10°C is reached with all lasers at 0.8 W and 1 W in continuous mode at room temperature. Only the 1064 nm diode laser reached the critical increase at 0.8 W in pulsed mode. No critical increase of temperature was registered with other settings and when the bone block was placed in a 37°C water bath. The results of this study suggest that use of these diode lasers does not cause a harmful increase in temperature when used under conditions similar to those of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alberto Valente
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | - Thomas Mang
- 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Michael Hatton
- 5 Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Sebastiano Andreana
- 6 Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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Truschnegg A, Acham S, Kqiku L, Beham A, Jakse N. CO2 Laser Excision of a Pyogenic Granuloma Associated with Dental Implants: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:425-31. [PMID: 27420917 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reports the CO2 laser excision of a pyogenic granuloma related to dental implants and reviews the current literature on this pathology in association with dental implants. BACKGROUND DATA Five publications describe pyogenic granulomas related to dental implants, and a further one describes the removal of such a lesion with an Er:YAG laser; removal with a CO2 laser is not reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS A 67-year-old male patient presented with a hyperplastic gingival lesion around two implants in the left lower jaw. The hyperplastic tissue was removed with a CO2 laser (Lasram; model OPAL 25, 25 W continuous wave, 10.600 nm, gas laser), and a vestibuloplasty was performed. The excised tissue was examined histopathologically. The patient was followed up after 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year, and a panoramic X-ray was also made. RESULTS There were no complications during surgery or follow-up. The panoramic X-ray taken 1 year after excision showed neither vertical bone loss nor impaired osseointegration of the implant. Histopathology reported a pyogenic granuloma. After vestibuloplasty, the height of the fixed mucosa was satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS The CO2 laser seems to be a safe and appropriate tool for removal of a pyogenic granuloma in close proximity to dental implants. The laser parameters must, however, be chosen carefully and any additional irritants should be excluded to prevent a recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Truschnegg
- 1 Department of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University Graz , Graz, Austria
| | - Stephan Acham
- 1 Department of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University Graz , Graz, Austria
| | - Lumnije Kqiku
- 2 Department of Prosthodontics, Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Implantology, University Clinic of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University Graz , Graz, Austria
| | - Alfred Beham
- 3 IMAH, Institute of Morphological Analytics and Human Genetics , Graz, Austria
| | - Norbert Jakse
- 1 Department of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University Graz , Graz, Austria
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Kasraei S, Torkzaban P, Shams B, Hosseinipanah SM, Farhadian M. CO2 laser surface treatment of failed dental implants for re-implantation: an animal study. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:985-9. [PMID: 27126410 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the success rate of failed implants re-implanted after surface treatment with CO2 laser. Despite the widespread use of dental implants, there are many incidents of failures. It is believed that lasers can be applied to decontaminate the implant surface without damaging the implant. Ten dental implants that had failed for various reasons other than fracture or surface abrasion were subjected to CO2 laser surface treatment and randomly placed in the maxillae of dogs. Three failed implants were also placed as the negative controls after irrigation with saline solution without laser surface treatment. The stability of the implants was evaluated by the use of the Periotest values (PTVs) on the first day after surgery and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-operatively. The mean PTVs of treated implants increased at the first month interval, indicating a decrease in implant stability due to inflammation followed by healing of the tissue. At 3 and 6 months, the mean PTVs decreased compared to the 1-month interval (P < 0.05), indicating improved implant stability. The mean PTVs increased in the negative control group compared to baseline (P < 0.05). Independent t-test showed that the mean PTVs of treated implants were significantly lower than control group at 3 and 6 months after implant placement (P < 0.05). Based on the PTVs, re-implantation of failed implants in Jack Russell Terrier dogs after CO2 laser surface debridement is associated with a high success rate in terms of implant stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Kasraei
- Dental Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parviz Torkzaban
- Dental Research Center, Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Bahar Shams
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Farhadian
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Ayubianmarkazi N, Karimi M, Koohkan S, Sanasa A, Foroutan T. An in vitro evaluation of the responses of human osteoblast-like SaOs-2 cells on SLA titanium surfaces irradiated by different powers of CO2 lasers. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:2129-34. [PMID: 25958169 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms have been identified as the primary etiological factor for the development and progression of peri-implantitis. Lasers have been shown to remove bacterial plaque from titanium surfaces effectively and can restore its biocompatibility without damaging these surfaces. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the responses (i.e., the cell viability and morphology) of human osteoblast-like SaOs-2 cells to sandblasted, large grit, and acid-etched (SLA) titanium surfaces irradiated by CO2 lasers at two different power outputs. A total of 24 SLA disks were randomly radiated by CO2 lasers at either 6 W (group 1, 12 disks) or 8 W (group 2, 12 disks). Non-irradiated disks were used as a control group (four disks). The cell viability rates of the SaOs-2 cells in the control and study groups (6 and 8 W) were 0.33 ± 0.00, 0.24 ± 0.11, and 0.2372 ± 0.09, respectively (P < 0.6). Cells with cytoplasmic extensions and spreading morphology were most prominent in the control group (141.00 ± 29.00), while in the study groups (6 and 8 W), the number of cells with such morphology was 60.40 ± 26.00 and 35.20 ± 5.40, respectively (P < 0.005). Within the limits of this study, it may be concluded that the use of CO2 lasers with the aforementioned setting parameters could not be recommended for decontamination of SLA titanium surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Ayubianmarkazi
- Implant Research Center, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Karimi
- Implant Research Center, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shima Koohkan
- Implant Research Center, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armand Sanasa
- Implant Research Center, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Foroutan
- Implant Research Center, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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