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Prihantono, Rusli R, Christeven R, Faruk M. Cancer Incidence and Mortality in a Tertiary Hospital in Indonesia: An 18-Year Data Review. Ethiop J Health Sci 2023; 33:515-522. [PMID: 37576162 PMCID: PMC10416343 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Every population, regardless of wealth or social development, faces the major health issue of cancer. Cancer incidence and mortality differ by region and period. Thus, this study aimed to determine the characteristics, incidence, and mortality of various cancers at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, a referral center hospital in Makassar, Indonesia. Methods This study employed a descriptive research design using secondary data recorded at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital in Makassar, Indonesia, between January 2002 and December 2019. Results We classified the 7824 cancer patients in our study into solid and non-solid cancer groups. The incidence of solid cancer (79.3%) was higher than that of non-solid cancer (20.7%), causing 1063 deaths, or 61.7%, of all cancer-related deaths. There were 6083 (77.7%) cases of cancer survival. The cancers with the highest incidence were breast cancer (1008 cases [12.9%]), leukemia (683 cases [8.7%]), and cervical cancer (631 cases [8.1%]). Breast, cervical, and ovarian cancers were the most frequent cancers in female patients. Leukemia was the most frequent cancer in male patients, followed by colorectal and liver cancers. Conclusions A region-based statistical record of cancer incidence and mortality is vital and useful to prioritizing cancer treatment at a given time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prihantono
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Reski Rusli
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Robert Christeven
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Faruk
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
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Singh S, Bhardwaj M, Sen A, Nambiyar K, Ahuja A. Cancer Stem Cell Markers - CD133 and CD44 - in Paediatric Solid Tumours: A Study of Immunophenotypic Expression and Correlation with Clinicopathological Parameters. Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:113-121. [PMID: 36891437 PMCID: PMC9986167 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-022-01626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Paediatric solid tumours account for about 30% of all the paediatric malignancies. They differ from adult tumours in various aspects like incidence, etiopathogenesis, biology, response rate and outcome. Immunohistochemical markers such as CD133, CD44, CD24, CD90, CD34, CD117, CD20 and ALDH 1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase-1) have been proposed to detect cancer stem cells in tumours. CD133 is a marker of tumour initiating cells in many human cancers and therefore, it may be possible to develop future therapies by targeting cancer stem cells via this marker. CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein also known as homing cell adhesion molecule. It is a multifunctional cell-adhesion molecule and plays an important role in cell-cell interaction, lymphocyte homing, tumour progression and metastasis. In the present study, we assessed the expression of CD133 and CD44 in paediatric solid tumours and correlated their expression with clinico-pathological parameters in paediatric solid tumours. This study was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the department of pathology at a tertiary care centre. All the histologically diagnosed paediatric solid tumours for a period of one year and four months were retrieved from the archives. The cases were reviewed and included in the study after obtaining informed consent. Immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibodies for CD133 and CD44 was performed in the representative tissue sections of all the cases. Immuno-scores were assessed, and the results were compared using Pearson's chi-square test. The present study included 50 cases of paediatric solid tumours. The majority (34%) of the patients were in the age group of less than 5 years, with male preponderance (M:F = 2.3:1). The tumours included were Wilms tumour, yolk sac tumour, rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), medulloblastomas, pilocytic astrocytomas, ependymomas and glioblastoma. On immunohistochemical analysis, high expression of CD133 and CD44 was found. A significant association between the expression of CD133 and various tumour groups was observed (p = 0.004). However, CD44 showed variable expression in different tumour groups. Both CD133 and CD44 identified cancer stem cell in paediatric solid tumours. A further validation is warranted to investigate their potential role in therapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikant Singh
- Department of Pathology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Minakshi Bhardwaj
- Department of Pathology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Amita Sen
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaniyappan Nambiyar
- Department of Pathology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Ahuja
- Department of Pathology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Mittal A, Pushpam D, Ganguly S, Kumar VS, Khan SA, Bakhshi S. Controversies and Challenges in the Management of Osteosarcoma-an Indian Perspective. Indian J Surg Oncol 2022; 13:939-955. [PMID: 36687236 PMCID: PMC9845467 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-021-01486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OGS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents which requires a multidisciplinary approach to management. Although chemotherapy and surgery can cure more than half of localized OGS cases, the unique challenges faced by resource-limited countries like India make this outcome difficult to achieve. Various questions in the management of OGS including role of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) in neoadjuvant setting, triplet vs doublet chemotherapy, intensification of chemotherapy based on response in setting of doublet, and indigenous prosthesis in setting of limb salvage need to be defined. Similarly, in the metastatic and recurrent setting, questions regarding intent of treatment, indications of chemotherapy, timing of surgery, and role of targeted therapies need clarification. Lack of randomized trials from India makes definite conclusions difficult, but an attempt can be made to define the best approach in the Indian scenario from available evidence. Hence, a critical review of literature from India and the West was done to define possible management approaches and highlight the lacuna for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhenil Mittal
- Department of Medical Oncology, DR BRAIRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Deepam Pushpam
- Department of Medical Oncology, DR BRAIRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Shuvadeep Ganguly
- Department of Medical Oncology, DR BRAIRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | | | - Shah Alam Khan
- Department of Orthopedics, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, DR BRAIRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029 India
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Zhou S, Martin M, Powell C, Sutton KS, George B, Olson T, Konstantinidis KT, Bruner DW, Bai J. How to Maintain a Healthy Gut Microbiome in Children with Cancer? Gut Microbiome Association with Diet in Children with Solid Tumors Postchemotherapy. OMICS: A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2022; 26:236-245. [PMID: 35230178 PMCID: PMC9051874 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is a common complication in children with cancer. Cancer treatment and malnutrition can disrupt gut microbiome diversity and composition. The gut microbiome is of broad interest to better understand the mechanisms of malnutrition in cancer therapy. This study aimed to compare the gut microbiome between children with solid tumors postchemotherapy and healthy controls, and investigated the association of the putative microbiome differences with diet. Study participants were 27 children (7-18 years) with solid tumors within the first year after the completion of chemotherapy and 22 healthy controls. The study groups did not have a statistically significant difference in age, race, sex, and body mass index. At study intake, the participants completed the Block Kids Food Screener for dietary intakes in the past week. Fecal specimens were collected and analyzed for the gut microbiome. The cancer and control groups differed in gut microbial β-diversity and abundance analyses. The macronutrient intakes such as carbohydrates, fiber, beta-carotene, and vitamin B6 were positively associated with α-diversity. Children with adequate vitamin B6 had a higher Chao1 diversity index than children with inadequate or excessive intake (p = 0.0004). Children with excessive selenium intake had a trend for higher Pielou's_e index than children with inadequate intake (p = 0.091). Maintaining a healthy gut microbiome is critical among children with cancer. This study provides new insights on the linkages between dietary intakes and the gut microbiome in children with solid tumors postchemotherapy. These findings, if replicated in future independent studies, may help anticipate malnutrition and plan for personalized nutrition approaches during chemotherapy in pediatric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Zhou
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melissa Martin
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christie Powell
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kathryn S. Sutton
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bradley George
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Thomas Olson
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Deborah W. Bruner
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Joseph N, Rai S, Singhal K, Saha S, Chakraborty D, Badoni G, Revanth T, Lobo FD. Clinico-histopathological Profile of Primary Paediatric Intra-abdominal Tumours: a Multi-hospital-Based Study. Indian J Surg Oncol 2021; 12:517-523. [PMID: 34658579 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-021-01365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paediatric cancers are gradually on the rise in India. Its proportion among children aged < 15 years constitutes close to 5% of the total cancer affected population. A high proportion of this constitutes intra-abdominal tumours. This study was done to study the demographic profile, clinical features and management of intra-abdominal tumours among children. Data of all histopathologically confirmed patients aged < 15 years with various primary intra-abdominal tumours diagnosed from 2009 to 2019 were included in this study. The median age of the patients (n = 50) was 3 years (IQR 1.4, 6). The median age at diagnosis of cancer (n = 23) was 2.5 years (IQR 1, 4). Tumours were more common among males (70%). The most common tumour in this study was Wilm's tumour (17 (34%)). Forty-eight (96%) patients had malignant tumours. Fever was present among the majority (27 (54%)) of the patients. The most common anti-cancer drug used for management was Vincristine, used among 23 patients. Remission was more among infants with Wilm's tumour (P = 0.0221) and among patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) (P = 0.0444). Default with treatment was more among patients with stage 4 malignancy (P = 0.0186). Recovery following treatment was more among patients with germ cell tumour (P = 0.0082). Reasons for default with treatment in the late stages of malignancies need to be identified in future research studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13193-021-01365-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Joseph
- Post Graduate Diploma in Family Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Sharada Rai
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Kshitiz Singhal
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Sreejita Saha
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Deboshruti Chakraborty
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Gauri Badoni
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Thella Revanth
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Flora D Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
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