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Knopp M, Burghardt J, Oppenauer C, Meyer B, Moritz S, Sprung M. Affective and cognitive Theory of Mind in patients with alcohol use disorder: Associations with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 157:209227. [PMID: 37992810 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to ascribe thoughts (cognitive ToM) and feelings (affective ToM) to others. Ample evidence exists for impairments of affective and cognitive ToM in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, evidence regarding changes of these impairments during AUD treatment and their possible relationship to comorbid symptoms is ambiguous. The current study analyzed changes in ToM during treatment and tested associations with comorbid symptoms of depression, anxiety, somatization, and social functioning. METHODS We analyzed data from 175 individuals with AUD. The study assessed ToM and comorbid symptoms of depression, anxiety, somatization, and social functioning at the time of admission and at the time of discharge from an approximately 60 days long abstinence-oriented inpatient treatment. We assessed affective and cognitive ToM using the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition, a measure with high ecological validity. RESULTS All symptoms, total and cognitive ToM improved following treatment; however, affective ToM did not improve. Moreover, cognitive ToM at the beginning of treatment was associated with improved symptoms of depression and somatization, while affective ToM was not. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows improvements in total and cognitive ToM as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, somatization, and social functioning following long-term treatment. Furthermore, cognitive ToM was related to improvements in comorbid symptoms. This finding suggests that ToM may be an important treatment target in patients with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Knopp
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Psychology, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Psychology, Leopoldstraße 13, 80802 München, Germany.
| | - Juliane Burghardt
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Psychology, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Claudia Oppenauer
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Psychology, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Psychology, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Steffen Moritz
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Sprung
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Psychology, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Psychology, Leopoldstraße 13, 80802 München, Germany; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic Gars am Kamp, Psychosomatisches Zentrum Waldviertel, Kremserstraße 656, 3571 Gars am Kamp, Austria
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Komasi S, Hemmati A, Rahmani K, Rezaei F. Construct and criterion validity of the HiTOP spectra to predict dimensional and categorical somatization in a large non-western sample. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13197. [PMID: 37580386 PMCID: PMC10425466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a phenotypic data-driven framework for the classification of psychopathology. We tested the construct and criterion validity of the HiTOP spectra measured by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and hierarchical regressions both to predict somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRD) and a somatization factor. The case-control study used hierarchical logistic regressions to distinguish 257 cases with SSRD from 1007 healthy controls by both the maladaptive and the temperament factors. The extracted factors were also used in hierarchical linear regressions to predict the dimensional somatization factor. The seven temperament factors explained more variance above and beyond the five maladaptive factors when predicting SSRD (pseudo R2 = 0.169 to 0.266 versus 0.125 to 0.196; change in pseudo R2 = 0.055 to 0.087 versus 0.011 to 0.017). The temperament factors also explained more variance above and beyond the maladaptive factors when predicting the somatization factor (R2 = 0.392 versus 0.269; change in R2 = 0.146 versus 0.023). Although the HiTOP spectra measured by PID-5 are significant structures related to the categorical and dimensional measurements of somatoform, our findings highlight potential problems with both the construct and criterion validity of the HiTOP spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Komasi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Azad Hemmati
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Khaled Rahmani
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farzin Rezaei
- Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tikka S, Walia T, Agashe S, Tikka D, Ram D, Das B. Irony comprehension in schizophrenia: Development, content validity and “Known-Groups” validity of an Indian, comic-based, computerized task. ANNALS OF INDIAN PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_89_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Cetin S, Sozeri Varma G, Toker Ugurlu T, Ozdel IO. Theory of Mind in Somatization and Depression: Is It Cause or Phenomenon? J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:911-917. [PMID: 34310521 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although mentalization is important in somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), it is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation between somatic and depressive symptoms with mentalization. A total of 48 patients diagnosed with SSD, 50 patients diagnosed with MDD, and 50 healthy individuals, participated the study. The Montgomery-Asperg Depression Scale, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised, and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) were applied to the participants. The patients with SSD showed significantly the lowest performance of theory of mind. There was no significant difference between MDD and healthy controls. High somatization score was found to be a predictor for low RMET scores (95% confidence interval, -0.339; p = 0.014). Mentalization deficit seems to be associated with somatization rather than depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulfizar Sozeri Varma
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Tugce Toker Ugurlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ismail Osman Ozdel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Lakhani S, Bhola P, Mehta UM. The conceptualization and assessment of social cognition in personality and common mental disorders. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 65:102829. [PMID: 34537534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Social Cognition is a crucial transdiagnostic construct with clinical and functional relevance across a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Most research has focused on schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders and has informed frameworks for assessing social cognition in schizophrenia. The current review focuses on the more recent developments pertaining to personality and common mental disorders (PCMDs). Two main questions are addressed: 1. What are the important domains and patterns of social cognition impairments among the personality and common mental disorders? 2. What are the trends in the assessment of social cognition among personality and common mental disorders? We synthesize research findings on the conceptualization of SC and the application of these frameworks for assessment with PCMDs. We have outlined a typology of criteria and guidelines for selecting and developing measures of SC in the PCMDs. We conclude that there is a need for a reconceptualization of social cognition or PCMDs with a focus on higher-order processes and suggest that mentalization could be a suitable framework to understand and examine social cognition in the PCMDs. Future efforts to develop, adapt and use more complex, nuanced, sensitive, and culturally valid measures of social cognition in interpersonal contexts can aid the detection of subtle, context-dependent, and dynamic impairments across these disorders. Social cognition is a promising transdiagnostic construct and warrants more conceptual clarity and research on the varied patterns of impairments across disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Lakhani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Poornima Bhola
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, India.
| | - Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, India
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Chakrabarty M, Dasgupta G, Acharya R, Chatterjee SS, Guha P, Belmonte MK, Bhattacharya K. Validation of revised reading the mind in the eyes test in the Indian (Bengali) population: A preliminary study. Indian J Psychiatry 2021; 63:74-79. [PMID: 34083824 PMCID: PMC8106414 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_967_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social cognition deficits are common in clinical populations but there is a dearth of standardized social cognition assessment tools in India. Theory of mind (ToM) is an important aspect of social cognition which is often assessed with the revised reading the mind in eyes test (RMET-R). However, we do not have a statistically validated version of the test for the Indian population. AIM This study aims to assess the acceptability, reliability, and validity of the Bengali version of the RMET-R. MATERIALS AND METHODS We administered the RMET-R to 23 patients with chronic schizophrenia (SCZ), 22 patients with bipolar disorder, and 104 healthy controls (HCs) to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instrument in the Indian (Bengali) population. RESULTS We obtained moderate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.6) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.64, P < 0.001). Positive correlations were found between RMET-R and Wechsler picture arrangement (r = 0.60, P < 0.001), picture completion (r = 0.54, P < 0.001), and comprehension subtests (r = 0.48, P < 0.001). Patients with SCZ (M = 49.7, standard deviation [SD] = 16.5) scored significantly lower than HCs (M = 68.9, SD = 13.8) (P = 0.008; Cohen's d = 1.3) on the RMET-R. Thus this tool could discriminate patients who are reported to have Theory of Mind deficits from healthy controls. CONCLUSION The Bengali version of the RMET-R is a reliable and valid tool for assessing first-order ToM insofar as the original RMET-R measures this construct.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gargi Dasgupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Seshadri Sekhar Chatterjee
- Department of Psychiatry, Diamond Harbour Government Medical College and Hospital, Diamond Harbour, West Bengal, India
| | - Prathama Guha
- Department of Psychiatry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Matthew K Belmonte
- The Com DEALL Trust, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, England, UK
| | - Kaberi Bhattacharya
- Department of Psychiatry, Midnapore Medical College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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Naskar C, Grover S, Sharma A, Padhy SK. A comparison of patients with somatic symptom disorder attending psychiatric services and those unwilling to attend psychiatric services. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 53:102163. [PMID: 32474346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the symptom profile, psychological correlates, public stigma, quality of life and disability of patients with somatic symptom disorder attending the psychiatric outpatient services and those who refuse to attend the psychiatry outpatient services. For this, patients were recruited from both Psychiatry outpatient services (N = 62) and Rheumatology outpatient services (N = 41). Participants were assessed on Screening for Somatoform Disorders Instrument, Beck's Depression Inventory, Somatosensory Amplification Scale, Whitley Index, Twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale-Hindi version, Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill Scale, World Health Organization-Quality of Life Scale-BREF version (Hindi) and Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale. Both the groups were comparable on socio-demography and symptom profile. Compared to the patients attending the psychiatry outpatient services, patients attending the rheumatology outpatient services had higher level of somatosensory amplification, hypochondriasis, alexithymia (in the subscales of difficulty in identifying and describing feelings), higher stigmatizing attitude towards mental illness, poorer quality of life and higher disability. To conclude, present study suggests that, patients of somatic symptom disorder, who refuse to attend the psychiatry outpatient services differ from those attending the psychiatry outpatient services in terms of somatosensory amplification, alexithymia, hypochondriasis, public stigma held towards mental illnesses, disability and quality of life. There is a need to develop a treatment model to address these issues in the medical setting to improve the outcome of patients with somatic symptom disorders attending the medical outpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrima Naskar
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Susanta Kumar Padhy
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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