The Association Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Some Serum Oxidative Stress Markers in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Case- Control

α-Klotho: the hidden link between dietary inflammatory index and accelerated ageing

Recent studies suggest an association between greater dietary inflammatory index (DII) and higher biological ageing. As α-Klotho has been considered as a longevity protein, we examined whether α-Klotho plays a role in the association between DII and ageing. We included 3054 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The associations of DII with biological and phenotypic age were assessed by multivariable linear regression, and the mediating role of α-Klotho was evaluated by mediation analyses. Participants' mean age was 58·0 years (sd 11·0), with a median DII score of 1·85 and interquartile range from 0·44 to 2·79. After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, education, marital status, poverty income ratio, serum cotinine, alcohol, physical activity, a higher DII was associated with both older biological age and phenotypic age, with per DII score increment being associated with a 1·01-year increase in biological age (1·01 (95 % CI: 1·005, 1·02)) and 1·01-year increase in phenotypic age (1·01 (1·001, 1·02)). Negative associations of DII with α-Klotho (β = -1·01 pg/ml, 95 % CI: -1·02, -1·006) and α-Klotho with biological age (β= -1·07 years, 95 % CI: -1·13, -1·02) and phenotypic age (β= -1·03 years, 95 % CI: -1·05, -1·01) were found. Furthermore, α-Klotho mediated 10·13 % (P < 0·001) and 9·61 % (P < 0·001) of the association of DII with biological and phenotypic age, respectively. Higher DII was associated with older biological and phenotypic age, and the potential detrimental effects could be partly mediated through α-Klotho.

Dietary inflammatory index and its relationship with obesity phenotypes: a cross- sectional analysis from RaNCD cohort study

PURPOSE

The potential dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the phenomenon of obesity have been linked in recent studies, but it is unclear whether this connection is dependent on metabolic status. Therefore, it was thought that this research would be useful in establishing the relationship between obesity phenotypes and DII.

METHODS

The 5956 people who took part in the Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD) cohort research (MHNO) were put into four groups: metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), metabolically unhealthy non-obesity (MUNO), and metabolically healthy non-obesity. According to the International Diabetes Federation's criteria, MUO exhibits at least two metabolic disorders and have a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or higher. DII was extracted from the participant's dietary consumption data.

RESULTS

When possible confounders like age, gender, smoking, drinking alcohol, and exercise were taken into account, more adherence to DII was linked to a higher odds of MHO compared to MHNO (OR: 1.44; CI 95% 1.18, 1.75). Additionally, we discovered that greater adherence to DII was significantly related to higher odds for MUO compared to MHNO (OR: 1.67; CI 95% 1.3, 2.15). However, we found no association between adherence to DII and MUNO.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings indicated that greater adherence to DII was significantly associated with higher odds of MUO. However, it substantially increased the chances of both phenotypes of obesity. Level of evidence Level V-Cross-sectional observational study.

Dietary inflammatory index and the risks of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Previous studies have suggested a correlation between dietary inflammatory potential and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the association between dietary inflammatory potential, measured by the dietary inflammation index (DII), and NAFLD.

Methods

From establishing the database to June 2023, a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library were performed to identify relevant observational studies. These studies reported a correlation between DII and NAFLD. The meta-analysis used odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the relationship between DII and NAFLD.

Results

Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis after excluding irrelevant records. A summary of the results from the included studies showed that the risk of NAFLD was higher in those exposed to higher DII (OR = 1.26, 95%CI 1.12 to 1.40, p < 0.001), with a high degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 85.7%, p < 0.001). When DII was divided into 3 tertiles from low to high for comparison, the results showed that the risk of NAFLD was higher in Tertile 2 (T2) population compared to the Tertile 1 (T1) population (OR = 1.75, 95%CI 1.20 to 2.54, p < 0.005). The risk of NAFLD was significantly higher in Tertile 3 (T3) compared to the T1 population (OR = 3.07, 95%CI 1.63 to 5.77, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The results suggest that high DII is associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, and conversely, low DII is associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD.

Systematic Review Registration

The study complies with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023455013).

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver and its related factors in Iran: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a systemic disorder with a complex multifactorial and heterogeneous pathogenesis and has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in many countries around the world. Numerous studies in Iran have presented different results on the prevalence and risk factors of NAFLD, in this study, which has been done in a systematic review and meta-analysis, provides a good estimate of the prevalence and risk factors of the disease in Iran. Following the peer review of electronic search strategies (PRESS and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses [PRISMA] statement, we searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Persian scientific searcher (Elmnet) from inception to September 19, 2022. In the present study, 71 articles were reviewed for qualitative and meta-analysis. The overall mean prevalence of NAFLD in children studies was 22.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.9% to 33.9%). The prevalence was notably higher in adult studies 40.5% (95% CI: 35.1% to 46%). In 24 studies, the association between NAFLD and sex was reported, 10 of which showed significant relationships. Out of 46 studies observed that NAFLD prevalence increased significantly with body mass index (BMI). Eight out of 14 studies reported significant associations between FBS and NAFLD in children's studies. Though Iran has a high NAFLD prevalence compared to most areas, and due to the unfavorable situation of risk factors contributing to the NAFLD, it is necessary to take the necessary interventions to control these risk factors and prevent NAFLD.

Association between urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and F2a-isoprostane in male football players and healthy non-athlete controls with dietary inflammatory and antioxidant indices

Purpose

The relationship between the inflammatory and antioxidant potential of an athlete's diet and their oxidative biomarkers is an important area of investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the excretion of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and F_2alpha-isoprostane (F_2a-IP) in the urine of male football players and healthy non-athlete controls. This study also aimed to examine the associations among the dietary inflammatory index (DII), the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), and the dietary phytochemical index (PI) with 8-OHdG and F_2a-IP.

Methods

In this descriptive-analytical study, 45 male football players and 45 healthy non-athletes, who were individually matched based on age and body mass index (BMI), were recruited from Shiraz City, Iran. Fasted urine samples were analyzed for 8-OHdG and F_2a-IP levels. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and body composition was assessed using a body composition analyzer. A valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to calculate DII, DTAC, and PI scores. Data analysis was conducted using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model.

Results

We found that 8-OHdG (β = -6.96), F_2a-IP (β = -82.58), and DII (β = -2.06) were significantly lower, while DTAC (β = 2.37) and PI (β = 0.084) were significantly higher in the football player group compared with the non-athlete group (P < 0.001 for all variables). In all participants, dietary indices were significantly associated with oxidative biomarkers. DII was positively associated with 8-OHdG (β = 2.25; P < 0.001) and F_2a-IP (β = 38.34; P < 0.001). Furthermore, negative associations between DTAC (β = -1.42; P < 0.001) and PI (β = -35.37; P < 0.001) with 8-OHdG were found. Moreover, DTAC (β = -17.34; P < 0.001) and PI (β = -428.11; P = 0.003) were negatively associated with F_2a-IP.

Conclusion

The results of this study highlighted the importance of a healthy diet in reducing oxidative stress among football athletes. The levels of urinary biomarkers for DNA and lipid oxidation were found to be lower in football players compared to non-athletes. This suggests that following an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant-rich diet may help reduce oxidative stress in these individuals.