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Choi JY, Lee SH, Yu S. Exploring Factors Influencing Caregiver Burden: A Systematic Review of Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Chronic Illness in Local Communities. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1002. [PMID: 38786412 PMCID: PMC11121359 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review and analyze factors contributing to caregiver burden among family caregivers of older adults with chronic illnesses in local communities. Specific objectives included exploring the characteristics of older adults with chronic illness and caregiver burden through an extensive literature review and identifying factors influencing caregiver burden in this population. Using Korean (RISS, KISS, and KoreaMed) and international (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library) databases, this study employed systematic search methods to identify relevant literature. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were systematically applied in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, focusing on studies that addressed caregiver burden among family caregivers of older adults with chronic illnesses in local communities. Following the database search, 15,962 articles were identified. After eliminating duplicates and applying the selection criteria, 18 studies were included in this review. These studies, representing various countries, contribute to a diverse dataset covering caregiver and care-recipient characteristics, including age, sex, chronic conditions, and various caregiver burden assessment tools. This systematic review provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence caregiver burden among family caregivers of older adults with chronic illness in local communities. These findings emphasize the need for integrated nursing interventions and community efforts to address the welfare concerns of this population and support their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Choi
- Graduate School of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seon Heui Lee
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Yu
- College of Nursing, CHA University, 120, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
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Huang J, Qian X, Choi EPH, Chau PH. The Consequences of Unmet Needs for Assistance With Daily Life Activities Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Med Care Res Rev 2024:10775587241233798. [PMID: 38450440 DOI: 10.1177/10775587241233798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Many older adults are experiencing unmet needs for assistance with the activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Such unmet needs might threaten their physical and psychosocial well-being. We conducted a systematic review to provide a comprehensive picture of the health consequences of unmet ADL/IADL needs among older adults. Twenty-eight published articles were included for qualitative synthesis. We found that unmet ADL/IADL needs were consistently associated with higher health care utilization (e.g., hospitalization, medical spending) and adverse psychosocial consequences (e.g., anxiety, depression), while the findings of falls and mortality remain inconsistent. More studies are needed to draw firm conclusions and to allow for quantitative synthesis. This review advocates for more coordinated and comprehensive long-term care services for older adults. Future studies should explore how the adverse health outcomes identified in this review can be prevented or improved by adequately meeting older adults' needs for assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xingxing Qian
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Pui Hing Chau
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Isac C, Lee P. Transitional care for older adults with chronic illness: A qualitative inquiry. Int J Older People Nurs 2024; 19:e12599. [PMID: 38268312 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved public health strategies and medical advancements have expanded older adults' survival after acute insults from chronic diseases. The resultant increase in disability and care requirements among older adults is significant. However, transitional care interventions to support the efficient transition from acute care settings to home are primitive in developing countries like India. OBJECTIVE This qualitative survey aimed to estimate the transitional care requirements of older adults with chronic illness discharged from acute care facilities. METHODS Descriptive phenomenological approach was utilised for this qualitative study. The older adult-family caregiver dyads fulfilling the inclusion criteria were interviewed until the achievement of information saturation. The transcribed narratives between the researcher, older adults and their caregivers were thematically analysed. Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) served as the framework for reporting this research. RESULTS Thirteen older adult-caregiver dyads participated in the semi-structured interview, which yielded six themes. Older adults have a hidden self with characteristics ranging between a continuum of 'insistence' to 'giving up'. Caregiver attributes identified from this inquiry were exhaustion, engagement and empowerment. The remaining four themes which constitute the framework for the 'transitional care progression' model include 'complications are mature when identified among older adults', 'medication knowledge is proportionate with its compliance', 'ignorance of supportive care increases caregiver burden' and 'deficient follow-up practices compromise health'. CONCLUSIONS Transitional care for older adults with chronic illness is premature in developing countries. However, the needs of older adults with chronic disease and their caregivers evolved from the present study align with global perspectives. Themes generated from the current qualitative interview, blended with evidence-based interventions, yielded the transitional care progression model, which serves as the only available framework for implementing transitional care in the region. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Future research to establish the feasibility and validity of the 'transitional care progression model' is forecasted. The model requires inclusion within the healthcare curriculum. Professional nurses prepared to implement coordinated transitional care pathways are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrani Isac
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine & Social Work, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Premila Lee
- College of Nursing, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Al-Hanawi MK. Self-Reported Health Inequalities among Older Adults in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 12:72. [PMID: 38200978 PMCID: PMC10779321 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the rising life expectancy, the growing population of older adults poses challenges in providing adequate healthcare services. Self-reported health is an important indicator of overall health, predicting morbidity and mortality. This study investigated self-reported health inequalities among older adults in Saudi Arabia and the underlying factors contributing to establishing such inequalities. The study utilized data from the 2018 Saudi Family Health Survey, focusing on 2023 respondents aged ≥60 years with complete data. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to explore socio-economic factors linked to health inequalities. Additionally, concentration curves and indices were used to assess the magnitude of health inequalities among older adults. The findings indicate a higher prevalence of self-reported poor health among respondents aged ≥70 years and those with chronic diseases. Age, education, income level, marital status, and insurance coverage were other factors significantly linked to reporting poor health. Inequality analysis revealed a concentration of poor health among less educated individuals (concentration index = -0.261, p < 0.01). Both income- and education-based indices highlighted a concentration of poor health among men with lower income and education levels. Addressing healthcare inequalities among older adults requires targeted policy efforts, focusing on those aged ≥70, unmarried individuals, those without insurance coverage, those with chronic illnesses, and those with lower education levels. Targeted interventions for these groups can address their unique healthcare needs and promote equitable health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi
- Department of Health Services and Hospitals Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Health Economics Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Alhawsawi EMF, Hariri GA, Alfakeh SA, Alkhatieb MT. Predictors of burden perceived by informal caregivers of patients registered in the home health-care unit. Ann Afr Med 2023; 22:309-315. [PMID: 37417018 PMCID: PMC10445695 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_57_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Studies have reported multiple variables that can affect the level of burden on informal caregivers. The need for informal caregivers is expected to increase in the upcoming years. Informal caregivers are an important extension of the formal health-care system. Aims The aim of this study was to discover the characteristics of informal caregivers of adult patients, to determine the socioeconomic, psychological, and physical consequences facing informal caregivers, and to measure caregivers' burdens and needs. Settings and Design An analytical cross-sectional study that was carried out in Saudi Arabia, in the home health-care unit of King Abdelaziz University Hospital in the city of Jeddah. Subjects and Methods A. validated self-administered questionnaire in Arabic and English was used. The required sample size was 122 participants. Ethical approval was obtained. Statistical Analysis Used Descriptive statistics consisted of means, standard deviations, frequency tables, cross-tabulation, and charts. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test to determine significant relationships between variables. Results A. total of 124 participants responded to a request to participate in the study. The majority of the caregivers (92) were family members. There was a significant relationship between the nature of the connection between the caregiver and the recipient in association with the burden scale (P = 0.001). No significant relationship was found between caregivers' gender, marital status, or income level and the burden score. Conclusions Most of the caregivers reported no burden to minimal burden. The relationship with the care recipient has a negative impact on the burden scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghufran A. Hariri
- Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulhi A. Alfakeh
- Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram T. Alkhatieb
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Mishra N, Datti RS, Tewari A, Sirisety M. Exploring the positive aspects of caregiving among family caregivers of the older adults in India. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1059459. [PMID: 37275495 PMCID: PMC10232965 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1059459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Caregiving is a committed role that focuses on providing the required support and care to a care receiver who is either ill, disabled, or dependent to the extent that they are incapable of independent functioning. The topic of caregiving has been extensively studied worldwide, mainly focused on the negative aspects of caregiving, like caregiver stress, burden, role conflicts, and burnout among caregivers. However, limited efforts have been made to understand the positive aspects of caregiving among informal caregivers who spend most of their time in this unpaid role. The present study addresses this concern by exploring the positive aspects of caregiving among family caregivers of older persons in India. Methodology This is a qualitative study, which was conducted, using the existential-phenomenological approach. In this study, a purposive sampling technique was used, and a total of a 100 family caregivers participated from four cities in India, namely Prayagraj, Pune, Visakhapatnam, and Guwahati. Twenty-five family caregivers between the age of 30-50 years participated from each of these four cities. The data was collected using six semi-structured interview questions on positive aspects of caregiving based on the lived experiences of caregivers. The interview schedule was developed based on the PERMA model and finalized after the pilot study. Each interview took 30-50 min and was recorded and transcribed. Results The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Some commonalities and differences were observed in the responses given by family caregivers from the four cities. Four major themes that emerged for the "Nature of positive caregiving" among participants from all four cities are "Caregiver's attitude," "Care and compassion," "Roles and responsibilities," and "Beliefs and values." Four significant themes for the "Factors contributing to positive caregiving" are "Meaningfulness in life," "Sense of belongingness," "Personal growth," and "Empathetic understanding." Conclusion Based on the study's findings, it can be said that the themes were associated with the PERMA model. Positive caregiving is an important indicator of caregivers' and care receivers' well-being. The findings have implications for planning some action research, training, and counseling programs for promoting positive aspects of caregiving among informal caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Ravi S. Datti
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Ashutosh Tewari
- Venture Development Center, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Maneela Sirisety
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam, India
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Badawoud AM, AlQadheeb YK, AlZahrani SS, AlGhamdi RA, Alanazi EA, AlFozan SM, AlJafer NS, Asiri IM, Alotaibi FM. The Level of Burden among Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2864. [PMID: 36833560 PMCID: PMC9957410 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregiver burden is a serious global issue associated with the growing number of older adult patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD patients become more dependent on their caregivers and require assistance with basic daily life activities. This study aims to measure the caregiver burden of informal caregivers of AD patients and to determine their characteristics. In addition, it intends to understand caregiver coping techniques and assess their medication knowledge. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study including 148 informal caregivers mainly recruited by the Saudi Alzheimer's Disease Association (SADA). A four-part study questionnaire was used for data collection in the Arabic Language and included the following: socio-demographic characteristics of AD patients and their caregivers, the 12-item version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and adapted questions on coping techniques and medication knowledge. RESULTS A total of 148 caregivers (62% were female) participated in this study, and 79.06% were between 30 and 60 years old. The ZBI average score was 27, indicating a moderate to high burden. Caregivers reported their need for services to improve their quality of life. The medication knowledge was insufficient in most aspects except that more than half were aware of medications' side effects. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that the average burden among informal caregivers of AD patients was moderate-high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Mohammad. Badawoud
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin K. AlQadheeb
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad S. AlZahrani
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan A. AlGhamdi
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elaf A. Alanazi
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah M. AlFozan
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah S. AlJafer
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Asiri
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz M. Alotaibi
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Alselami S, Butcher HK. A Unitary Caring Theory Perspective of Family Caregiving for Patients Hospitalized With a Stroke in Saudi Arabia. Nurs Sci Q 2022; 35:191-202. [PMID: 35392716 DOI: 10.1177/08943184211070608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of Saudi informal family caregivers of hospitalized patients who have experienced a stroke. In-depth, face-to-face, semistructured interviews of five family caregivers using open-ended questions were conducted in a major hospital in Saudi Arabia. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the unitary-caring hermeneutic phenomenological research method. Data analysis revealed six major essences that were synthesized into one statement reflecting the essence of caring for a family member with a stroke in Saudi Arabia: Living with the uncertainty of ambiguity amid feeling distressed with worries and fears replete with unfulfilled desires while yearning for compassionate caring and overcoming uncertainties through connections and faith honoring abiding commitments. As a means to transform the findings into theory and language of the nursing discipline, the essences were then interpreted within the theory of unitary caring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham Alselami
- Faculty member, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, College of Nursing, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Howard K Butcher
- Professor, Director of PhD Program, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
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Cejalvo E, Martí-Vilar M, Merino-Soto C, Aguirre-Morales MT. Caregiving Role and Psychosocial and Individual Factors: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1690. [PMID: 34946416 PMCID: PMC8700856 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking care of a person with a physical disability can become a challenge for caregivers as they must combine the task of caring with their personal and daily needs. The aim of this study was to assess the impact that taking care of a person who needs support has on caregivers and to analyze certain characteristics they present, such as self-esteem and resilience. To that end, a bibliographic review was carried out from 1985, when the first article of taking care of a person who needs support was published, to 2020 (inclusive), in the databases of Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Pubmed, Eric, Psycinfo, and Embase. The search yielded a total of (n = 37) articles subject to review, following the guidelines established in the PRISMA declaration. The results show that caregiving was highly overburdening and negatively affected the physical condition and the psychological and mental states of caregivers. In addition, certain psychological characteristics present in caregivers such as having high self-esteem and being resilient were found to act as protective factors against the caregiving burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cejalvo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Manuel Martí-Vilar
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - César Merino-Soto
- Psychology Research Institute, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima 34, Peru
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Isac C, Lee P, Arulappan J. Older adults with chronic illness - Caregiver burden in the Asian context: A systematic review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2021; 104:2912-2921. [PMID: 33958255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Upsurge in life expectancy, filial responsibility of caring, and healthcare advances have increased the older adult population in Asia. The last decade has witnessed nuclear families' proliferation in Asia, leaving family caregivers with more accountability and responsibility. This review explores the pattern of caregiver burden among caregivers of older adults with chronic illness in Asia. METHODS PRISMA guidelines serves as the framework for this systematic review. Studies from selected databases assessed caregivers' physical state, psychological dysfunction, and or burden as an outcome measure. The Newcastle - Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale appraised the quality of the selected studies. RESULTS The review included 12 research articles. Caregivers consistently report mild to a moderate burden. Care recipient with functional dependency, comorbidities, memory, and sleep impairments, escalate caregiver burden. Caregiver variables intensifying burden were advancing age, male gender, spouse as a care recipient, longer care provision duration, and no assistance. CONCLUSION Optimal levels of emotional well-being, significant family/social support, and self-preparedness among caregivers are grounds for their empowerment. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS A paradigm shift from 'caregiver burden' to 'caregiver resilience' is advocated. Routine screening, preventive measures (skill-building and psychosocial empowerment), and restorative services (respite care and problem-based home visiting) for caregivers are forecasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrani Isac
- Lecturer, Adult Health & Critical Care, College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Premila Lee
- Professor, Medical Surgical Department, College of Nursing, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Judie Arulappan
- Assistant Professor, Maternity & Child Health, College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Kane T, Hammad SH, Islam N, Al-Wattary N, Clark J, Daher-Nashif S. Dementia caregiving in the Middle East and North Africa: A scoping review. Transcult Psychiatry 2021; 58:844-858. [PMID: 34407707 DOI: 10.1177/13634615211036404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Care for persons with dementia in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is undertaken predominantly by family members, domestic workers, and private nurses within the home. Domestic caregivers possess different understandings and varying degrees of knowledge of dementia that are influenced by complex socio-cultural and religious factors. With much of the burden falling on the shoulders of "invisible" caregivers, the role and needs of these individuals require deeper scrutiny. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the empirical studies published on caring for persons with dementia in Arab countries of the MENA region. Using a systematic review technique, searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar using database-specific terms associated with caregiving, dementia, aging, and the MENA region. To ensure local and regional research was captured, hand searches of regional journals, reference lists of included articles, and Arabic databases Al-Manhal and e-Marefa were also searched. No date restrictions were imposed. Twenty studies met inclusion criteria and the following themes were identified: caregiving experiences and the burden of care; barriers to caregiving; and caregiver recommendations to improve care. Results demonstrate that studies about informal caregivers and dementia within Arab-Muslim populations are underrepresented in the research. This review highlights the paucity of literature on service users' experiences and underscores the need for future research specific to dementia care within the Arab-Islamic sociocultural context. These trajectories are especially pertinent given the unprecedented aging demographics of the MENA populations.
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Alnaim L, Altuwaym RA, Aldehan SM, Alquraishi NM. Assessment of knowledge among caregivers of diabetic patients in insulin dosage regimen and administration. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:1137-1142. [PMID: 34703367 PMCID: PMC8523329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate production of Insulin can lead to a complex metabolic disorder named Diabetes Mellitus that is characterized by hyperglycaemia. Diabetes is leading metabolic disease that causes major disability and increased death-rate world-wide. Diabetes can cause neuropathy, blindness, ischaemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, increased risk of stroke, and renal diseases. Since the management of diabetes mellitus is complex, the reliance of some patients on their caregivers has increased. In this study, a caregiver is a family member or a paid helper who is willing to provide long-term assistance to a child, an older adult, or a person with a disability. AIM The knowledge of caregivers about insulin doses (administration and adjustment) is determined and to study the correlation between the demographic data (age, gender, and marital status) and the knowledge of caregivers. METHODOLOGY This is a cross sectional type of descriptive study. A questionnaire was built based on literature review and was reviewed and validated by 17 arbitrators and modified accordingly. A pilot study was performed on 5 people of the targeted population to assess the feasibility, duration, and clarity of the data collection tool. The questionnaire was distributed online and had some extra questions to exclude non-relevant responses. RESULTS A total of 819 participants filled the online questionnaire. Out of these, 83.6% were female and 16.4% were male. The good knowledge was significantly associated with caregivers who had patients diagnosed with diabetes since less than 6 months when compared with others. CONCLUSION Caregivers who reported that they do not live with the healthcare receiver had less knowledge compared with those they live, and it is statically significant association. 55% were satisfied with their level of knowledge about insulin doses management. This study indicates who lives with patient has caregiver's knowledge on inulin dosages administration 1.766 times from who don't have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya Alnaim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Alshammari SA, Alhamdan AA, Bindawas SM, Al-Amoud MM, Al-Orf SM, Al-Muammar MN, Calder PC. Assessing the cognitive status of older adults attending primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Saudi Med J 2020; 41:1315-1323. [PMID: 33294888 PMCID: PMC7841595 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2020.12.25576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the cognitive status of older adults in Saudi Arabia. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, multistage, stratified study of older individuals (≥60 years of age) attending primary healthcare centres in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2015 and April 2017. We collected data using a structured questionnaire, which incorporated questions regarding demographic and anthropometric variables, the Arabic version of Mini-Mental State Examination, the Mini-Nutritional Assessment tool, and the Modified Katz Index of Independence in activities of daily living. RESULTS Of the 1299 participants, 914 (70.4%) were male, with a mean age of 66.2 ± 5.9 years. Approximately 79.1% of the participants had intact cognitive function, 17.1 had mild cognitive impairment, and 3.8% had severe cognitive impairment. Impaired cognitive function was associated with increased age, female gender, low education, unmarried status, and unemployed (p less than 0.001). Reduced cognitive impairment was significantly associated with functional impairment and malnutrition (p less than 0.001). CONCLUSION Cognitive impairment affected around 21% of the participants. The reduced cognitive function was associated with increased age, female gender, low education level, unmarried, low income, dependency on others, functional impairment, and malnutrition. Such information could motivate health-policy makers to introduce appropriate measures to improve older adults' existing healthcare services in primary care, including cognitive function assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman A Alshammari
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Al-Balushi N, Al-Alawi M, Al Shekaili M, Al-Balushi M, Mirza H, Al-Huseini S, Panchatcharam SM, Al-Sibani N, Cucchi A, Al-Adawi S. Predictors of Burden of Care Among Caregivers of Drug-Naive Children and Adolescents With ADHD: A Cross-Sectional Correlative Study From Muscat, Oman. J Atten Disord 2019; 23:517-526. [PMID: 30371135 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718808381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE the study assessed the prevalence of burden of care among caregivers of children with ADHD in Oman. A related aim is to explore the predictors of the burden of care, subtypes of ADHD, and socio-demographic factors. METHOD Arabic version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was administered to 117 caregivers of drug-naive children with ADHD. Sociodemographic background and clinical data were gathered from medical records and from the attending caregivers themselves. The ADHD symptoms were grouped under three categories : hyperactive, inattentive, or mixed. RESULTS the prevalence of the burden of care was estimated to be 34%. Income levels and the child's ADHD diagnosis being of "mixed" type have significant impact on the burden of care. CONCLUSION the results of this study indicate that the prevalence of the burden of care among the caregivers of ADHD children in Oman is comparable with that in the other regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Al-Alawi
- 1 Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman.,2 Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muna Al Shekaili
- 1 Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman.,3 Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
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Gomes NP, Pedreira LC, Gomes NP, Fonseca EDOS, Reis LAD, Santos ADA. Health-related consequences of caring for dependent relatives in older adult caregivers. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2019; 53:e03446. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-220x2018002303446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To know the health-related consequences of caring for dependent relatives in older adult caregivers. Method: Qualitative research carried out with older adult women who cared for family members enrolled in a federal public home care program. The identification of the older adult caregivers was done by consulting the patient’s charts, and the interview took place from March to June 2017. The data were systematized based on Content Analysis. Results: Six older adult caregivers of people with impaired functional capacity participated in the study. Three categories emerged: care-related musculoskeletal pain; health problems related to the somatization of the lived feeling; and self-care deficit by virtue of caring for another. Conclusion: The study revealed the consequences of caring for dependent family members on the health of older adult caregivers. Careful management is essential to prevent and/or reduce health problems, especially regarding the musculoskeletal system.
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Flesch LD, Batistoni SST, Neri AL, Cachioni M. Factors associated with the quality of life of elderly caregivers of other elderly persons. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562019022.180155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective : To evaluate the association between the double vulnerability of being elderly and a caregiver and quality of life assessed by Control, Autonomy, Self-realization and Pleasure factors (CASP-19). Method : 148 elderly caregivers participated in the present study. They were selected for convenience from Brazilian public and private health services - a sample from the study “The Psychological Well-Being of Elderly Persons Caring for Other Elderly Persons in a Family Context”. The variables: caregiver’s state of health, care demands, perception of burden, self-rated health, and quality of life were selected. Descriptive analyses, chi-squared tests, Fisher’s exact test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of multivariate hierarchical logistics were carried out, with theStepwisecriteria applied for selection of variables. Results : The hierarchical multivariate analyses found that number of symptoms and total burden were significantly associated with a poorer quality of life. Elderly persons with three or more symptoms and those with a high burden level were at a higher risk of poor quality of life. The variables number of diseases, burden, and self-rated health compared with the past, were significantly associated with a poorer quality of life. Conclusion : It can be concluded that for the elderly caregiver, physical aspects (signs and symptoms, chronic diseases and a perception of health deterioration) combined with burden are the aspects that most influence quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meire Cachioni
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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