A study on the evaluation of bite force, prosthetic and nutritional status in adult cleft patients in Kolkata

Bite Force, Masticatory Performance, and Nutritional Status of Adult Individuals With Treacher Collins Syndrome

OBJECTIVE

To characterize the stomatognathic system of individuals with Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) by assessing bite force (BF) and masticatory performance (MP) and to evaluate the nutritional status (NS) of this population through anthropometric measurements.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

SETTING

A public tertiary care hospital.

PATIENTS

Forty-one individuals were divided into 2 groups: (1) Control (CON): 20 control adults with class I skeletal pattern and (2) TCS: 21 adults with TCS.

INTERVENTIONS

BF measurement was assessed using a gnathodynamometer (IDDK Kratos). MP assessment was done using Image J-NIH software, by calculating the particles size of food submitted to standard chewing cycles ). NS was assessed based on body mass index (BMI).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Based on the craniofacial dysmorphology, it is our hypothesis that this population present a dysfunctional masticatory system, which can negatively impact NS.

RESULTS

Means BF values for the TCS were significantly reduced when compared with the CON group and corresponded to 170.9  ±  109.4N and 431.6  ±  134.1N (right molar [RM]) and 171.2  ±  93.9N and 427.4  ±  147.8N (left molar [LM]), respectively (P < .05). Although no significant differences were observed, the mean particle size of the TCS was greater when compared with the CON group and corresponded to 1.58  ±  1.93 mm2 and 0.66  ±  0.52 mm2, respectively. Although statistically similar mean values of BMIs were observed on both groups (CON  =  23.4  ±  4.7/TCS  =  23.4  ±  6.1), underweight and overweight individuals were found in 48% of the individuals with TCS and in 15% of the CON group participants.

CONCLUSION

Individuals with TCS showed a significant BF reduction, but no differences were observed in MP and NS when compared with the control individuals.

Comparative evaluation of biting force and chewing efficiency of all-on-four treatment concept with other treatment modalities in completely edentulous individuals

Aim:

To compare and evaluate biting force and chewing efficiency of all-on-four treatment concept, implant-supported overdenture, and conventional complete denture.

Settings and Design:

Invivo – comparative study.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 12 edentulous patients were included in the study and conventional complete dentures were fabricated. Patients were divided into two groups. In Group 1, complete dentures were replaced with implant-supported overdenture, and in Group 2, complete dentures were replaced with hybrid denture supported by all-on-four treatment concept. The biting force was assessed using a bite force sensor and electromyographic recordings were made by electromyogram for masticatory muscles when chewing three different consistencies of foods.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data was statistically analyzed using software SPSS version 22.0. Paired t-test was used for intra-group comparison and unpaired t-test was used for intergroup comparison.

Results:

The difference in biting force and chewing efficiency for all-on-four treatment concept was statistically significant for overdenture and complete denture. The highest biting force and chewing efficiency were observed for all-on-four treatment concept, followed by implant-supported overdenture and complete denture.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that the completely edentulous individuals with atrophic posterior alveolar ridges can be rehabilitated successfully with improved biting force and chewing efficiency by All-on-four treatment concept.

Assessment of the relationship between maximum occlusal force and median mandibular flexure in adults: A clinical trial study

Aim:

The narrowing of the mandible during opening and protrusion movements is defined as median mandibular flexure (MMF). MMF is caused by the attachment of mandibular muscles; therefore, it can be assumed that a greater amount of maximum occlusal force (MOF) may cause more flexion and could affect the survival of dental and implant restorations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate any relationship between MOF and MMF in a sample of adults.

Settings and Design:

In vivo – comparative study.

Materials and Methods:

In this descriptive, cross-sectional, nondirectional study, a sample of 90 volunteers were recruited (45 men and 45 women). MOF was measured by applying the strain gauge receptor to the first molar region, and MMF was measured by calculating the variation in the intermolar distance by a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm using an impression and resulted in the stone cast during the maximum opening and closed-jaw positions. The body mass index (BMI) also was calculated.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 23) inferential and descriptive statistics, linear regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

There was no statistically significant relationship between MOF and MMF (P = 0.78), but there was a significant association between MOF and BMI (P < 0.001, r = 0.475) and gender.

Conclusion:

Although MOF and MMF are both important and effective factors in the success of prosthetic restorations, one cannot be expected by the other and both should be considered in the treatment plan separately.