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Agarwal S, Mishra L, Singh NR, Behera R, Kumar M, Nagaraja R, Sokolowski K, Lapinska B. Effect of Different Irrigating Solutions on Root Canal Dentin Microhardness-A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:132. [PMID: 38786643 PMCID: PMC11121888 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15050132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigating solutions as well as their combination and activation modes on root canal dentin microhardness. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO and PRISMA guidelines were followed. The structured question was as follows: "Which type of irrigating solution used in endodontic treatment causes more change in dentin microhardness?" The literature was screened via PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct. The last search was carried out in February 2023 with English language restriction. Two reviewers independently performed screening and evaluation of articles. A total of 470 articles were retrieved from all the databases, whereas only 114 articles were selected for full-text analysis. After applying eligibility criteria, 44 studies were evaluated and included in this review. The results showed that with increased contact time with irrigants, dentin microhardness decreases. Increased contact time with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was associated with more reduction in dentin microhardness compared with other irrigants. Other irrigants, with the exception of distilled water, including EDTA, citric acid, herbal irrigants, glycolic acid, phytic acid, etc., in this study significantly decreased dentin microhardness. The maximum reduction in dentin microhardness was seen with 2.5% NaOCl after 15 min of contact time. The use of irrigating solutions alters the chemical composition of dentin, thereby decreasing its microhardness, which affects the clinical performance of endodontically treated teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunidhi Agarwal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India; (S.A.); (N.R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Lora Mishra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India; (S.A.); (N.R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Naomi Ranjan Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India; (S.A.); (N.R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Rini Behera
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India; (S.A.); (N.R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India;
| | - Ravishankar Nagaraja
- Department of Biostatistics, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India;
| | - Krzysztof Sokolowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Barbara Lapinska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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Farooq A, Bilgrami A, Faraz SA, Qazi FUR, Maqsood A, Altamash S, Arora S, Halim MS, Ahmed N, Das G, Heboyan A. Comparative evaluation of Sapindus Mukorossi extract with 17% EDTA on smear layer removal in various parts of the tooth root. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2023; 21:22808000231166210. [PMID: 37029505 DOI: 10.1177/22808000231166210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of an experimental root canal irrigant and 17% Ethylene-di-amine tetra acetic acid for removal of the smear layer in the coronal, middle and apical portions of the root canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety human single rooted maxillary and mandibular teeth were selected for this study. The teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group as follows: Group A (Ethanolic extract of Sapindus Mukorossi), Group B (17% EDTA), and Group C (Distilled water). The root canals of all three groups were prepared with stainless steel K-files by means of the standard step-back technique and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypo chloride. The teeth were decoronated, following the irrigation and divided longitudinally into two-halves and visualized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the amount of smear layer present utilizing the three-point score system. The observations were noted both before and after the treatment. Nonparametric tests were applied for the comparison and p-value ⩽ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS It was evident from that smear layer was completely removed in coronal portion of 27 out of 30 teeth in-group A. For middle and apical areas of group A, 24 and 19 teeth showed complete smear layer removal. In-group B it was found that there were 24, 21, and 3 teeth at coronal, middle and apical, areas respectively where smear layer were completely absent. Intra group comparison showed a significant difference (p = 0.002) in smear layer removal was found for group A at coronal, middle and apical thirds. Similarly, a significant difference (p = 0.001) was also found for group B; however heavy smear layer was found among the three parts of the canal for group C. CONCLUSIONS Ethanolic extract of Sapindus Mukorossi have higher effectiveness in removing the smear layer from the root canal in comparison to 17% EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Farooq
- Department of Dental Materials, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Afreen Bilgrami
- Department of Dental Materials, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Abul Faraz
- Department of Oral Biology, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ur Rehman Qazi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dr. Ishrat-Ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Maqsood
- Department of Oral Pathology, Bahria University Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sara Altamash
- Department of Orthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Suraj Arora
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Syahrizal Halim
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Gotam Das
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
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Alhussain BS, Alajmi AM, Odeh LGH, Nasr LE, Alotaibi NA, Alqaidi SA. EDTA Vs Citric Acid Decalcifying Solutions: A Systematic Review to Compare the Clinical Efficacy. ANNALS OF DENTAL SPECIALTY 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/dr5ixlw1hd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Miller CA, Ashworth E, Deery C, El Sharkasi L, Moorehead RD, Martin N. Effect of demineralising agents on organic and inorganic components of dentine. Caries Res 2021; 55:521-533. [PMID: 34348278 DOI: 10.1159/000518463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Ann Miller
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Ashworth
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Deery
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lamis El Sharkasi
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert David Moorehead
- Department of Materials, Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Martin
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Serdar Eymirli P, Eymirli A, Uzunoğlu Özyürek E. The effect of intracanal medication variations on microhardness of simulated immature root dentin. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:616-623. [PMID: 34062622 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different medicaments and irrigation solutions on root dentin microhardness (MH) was evaluated depending on time. After initial measurements, MH of 60 maxillary incisors (n = 15 per group) was measured after 3 steps: irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, exposure to medicaments [triple antibiotic (TAP) or calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes, 1 week or 1 month)] and final irrigation [20 mL of 17% EDTA or 20 mL 1% phytic acid (PA)]. The percentage of MH reduction was calculated. Data were analysed statistically at P < 0.05. Treatments caused a significant decrease in MH values compared to baseline and pre-measurements (P < 0.05). TAP significantly reduced the MH values of the samples over time (P < 0.05). Removal of TAP after 1 month with PA resulted in a significant reduction in MH compared to removing TAP after 1 week and CH removing after 1 month (P < 0.05). Considering the chemical preparation steps, the most hazardous effect on MH was observed after the first irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Serdar Eymirli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculity of Dentisry, Hacettepe University, Altındağ/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Eymirli
- Department of Endodontics, Faculity of Dentisry, Hacettepe University, Altındağ/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emel Uzunoğlu Özyürek
- Department of Endodontics, Faculity of Dentisry, Hacettepe University, Altındağ/Ankara, Turkey
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Elika V, Kunam D, Anumula L, Chinni SK, Govula K. Comparative evaluation of Chloroquick with Triphala, sodium hypochlorite, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the microhardness of root canal dentin: An in vitro study. J Clin Transl Res 2021; 7:72-76. [PMID: 34104810 PMCID: PMC8177017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irrigating solutions used for the elimination of microorganisms during root canal preparation affect the chemical and physical properties of dentin, thereby rendering the tooth more prone to fracture. Therefore, the careful and judicious selection of irrigant is required which has maximum benefits with minimum undesirable properties. AIM The study aimed to compare and evaluate the effect of Chloroquick with composition of 18% etidronic acid+ 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with other irrigants such as Triphala, NaOCl, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the microhardness of root canal dentin. METHODS Forty freshly extracted non-carious single-rooted human teeth were collected and decoronated at CEJ to standardize the canal length. The roots were sectioned longitudinally to get two halves. Baseline microhardness evaluation was done using Vickers microhardness test before the immersion in irrigants; samples were then randomly divided into four groups (n=20), based on the irrigant used as follows: Group 1 - Saline; Group 2 - 5% NaOCl +17% EDTA; Group 3 - Triphala; and Group 4 - Chloroquick. Later, the samples were immersed in the irrigating solutions for 15 min at 37°C for each group and were then subjected to post-treatment microhardness testing. Microhardness values were recorded and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and intergroup comparison with post hoc Tukey test (P<0.05). RESULTS The results of the present study showed that all the tested specimens showed a decrease in the microhardness values following application of different irrigating solutions except the control group. The use of Triphala and Chloroquick has minimal effect on the microhardness of root canal dentin post-treatment when compared with 5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. CONCLUSION Chloroquick, as well as 0.005% Triphala, can be used safely as an irrigating solution with less detrimental effects on the hardness of root dentin. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS The newer irrigant Chloroquick shows less effect on dentin microhardness, thereby reducing the incidence of root fractures in patients postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Elika
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital. Chintareddypalem, Nellore, India
| | - Divya Kunam
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital. Chintareddypalem, Nellore, India,
Corresponding author: Divya Kunam Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Chintareddypalem, Nellore Tel.: 0861-9566053135 E-mail:
| | - Lavanya Anumula
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital. Chintareddypalem, Nellore, India
| | - Suneel kumar Chinni
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital. Chintareddypalem, Nellore, India
| | - Kiranmayi Govula
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital. Chintareddypalem, Nellore, India
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