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Sampathkumar U, Bui T, Liu J, Nowroolizarki Z, Bordes MC, Hanson SE, Reece GP, Markey MK, Merchant FA. Objective Analysis of Breast Symmetry in Female Patients Undergoing Breast Reconstruction After Total Mastectomy. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2022; 5:ojac090. [PMID: 36654970 PMCID: PMC9836330 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Satisfaction with the breast aesthetic outcome is an expectation of breast reconstruction surgery, which is an integral part of cancer treatment for many patients. We evaluated postreconstruction breast symmetry in 82 female patients using distance and volume measurements. Objectives Clinical factors, such as reconstruction type (implant-based and autologous reconstruction), laterality, timing of reconstruction (immediate, delayed, and sequential), radiation therapy (RT), and demographic factors (age, BMI, race, and ethnicity), were evaluated as predictors of postoperative symmetry. Matched preoperative and postoperative measurements for a subset of 46 patients were used to assess correlation between preoperative and postoperative symmetry. Methods We used standardized differences between the left and right breasts for the sternal notch to lowest visible point distance and breast volume as metrics for breast, positional symmetry, and volume symmetry, respectively. We performed statistical tests to compare symmetry between subgroups of patients based on reconstruction type, laterality, timing, RT, and demographics. Results Overall, reconstruction type, reconstruction timing, and RT were observed to be factors significantly associated with postoperative symmetry, with implant reconstructions and immediate reconstruction procedures, and no RT showing better postoperative breast volume symmetry. Subgroup analyses, for both reconstruction type and laterality, showed superior volume symmetry for the bilateral implant reconstructions. No correlation was observed between preoperative and postoperative breast symmetry. Demographic factors were not significant predictors of postreconstruction symmetry. Conclusions This comprehensive analysis examines multiple clinical factors in a single study and will help both patients and surgeons make informed decisions about reconstruction options at their disposal. Level of Evidence 3
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thao Bui
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhale Nowroolizarki
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary Catherine Bordes
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Summer E Hanson
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory P Reece
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mia K Markey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Fatima A Merchant
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Nicklaus KM, Bui T, Bordes MC, Liu J, Chopra D, Hoffman AS, Reece GP, Hanson SE, Merchant FA, Markey MK. Goldilocks Principle: Preference for Change in Breast Size in Breast Cancer Reconstruction Patients. Front Psychol 2021; 12:702816. [PMID: 34539505 PMCID: PMC8446205 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.702816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients' preferences regarding changing or maintaining their breast size after mastectomy and reconstruction are important but understudied determinants of post-surgical satisfaction and quality of life. The goal of this study was to identify factors associated with preferences for changing or maintaining breast size for women undergoing breast reconstruction at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in the United States from 2011 to 2014. The average age of participants was 45.7 ± 9.1 years. At baseline, mean average breast volumes were 755.7 ± 328.4 mL for all women (n = 48), 492.3 mL ± 209.3 for 13 women who preferred to be "bigger than now," 799.2 mL ± 320.9 for 25 women who preferred to remain "about the same," and 989.3 mL ± 253.1 for 10 women who preferred "smaller than now." Among the 23 women who preferred to change their breast size, 19 desired to shift toward the mean. Women with the smallest and largest 20% of baseline breast size were more likely to desire a change toward the mean (p = 0.006). Multinomial logistic regression models found average breast volume and satisfaction with breast size to be the most important factors associated with preferences for changing or maintaining breast size for women undergoing breast reconstruction. This study provides preliminary evidence for a "Goldilocks principle" in women's preferences for breast size change in the context of breast reconstruction, and identifies hypotheses for future studies of the associations among preference for change in breast size, preference achievement, and post-reconstruction body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M. Nicklaus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thao Bui
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mary Catherine Bordes
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Deepti Chopra
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aubri S. Hoffman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gregory P. Reece
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Summer E. Hanson
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fatima A. Merchant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mia K. Markey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Mia K. Markey,
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Hartmann R, Weiherer M, Schiltz D, Baringer M, Noisser V, Hösl V, Eigenberger A, Seitz S, Palm C, Prantl L, Brébant V. New aspects in digital breast assessment: further refinement of a method for automated digital anthropometry. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 303:721-728. [PMID: 33184690 PMCID: PMC8519833 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In this trial, we used a previously developed prototype software to assess aesthetic results after reconstructive surgery for congenital breast asymmetry using automated anthropometry. To prove the consensus between the manual and automatic digital measurements, we evaluated the software by comparing the manual and automatic measurements of 46 breasts. Methods Twenty-three patients who underwent reconstructive surgery for congenital breast asymmetry at our institution were examined and underwent 3D surface imaging. Per patient, 14 manual and 14 computer-based anthropometric measurements were obtained according to a standardized protocol. Manual and automatic measurements, as well as the previously proposed Symmetry Index (SI), were compared. Results The Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed no significant differences in six of the seven measurements between the automatic and manual assessments. The SI showed robust agreement between the automatic and manual methods. Conclusion The present trial validates our method for digital anthropometry. Despite the discrepancy in one measurement, all remaining measurements, including the SI, showed high agreement between the manual and automatic methods. The proposed data bring us one step closer to the long-term goal of establishing robust instruments to evaluate the results of breast surgery. Level of evidence: IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Hartmann
- University Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weiherer
- Regensburg Medical Image Computing (ReMIC), Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (OTH Regensburg), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schiltz
- University Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Magnus Baringer
- University Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vivien Noisser
- University Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Hösl
- University Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Eigenberger
- University Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (OTH Regensburg), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Seitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caritas Hospital St. Josef, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Palm
- Regensburg Medical Image Computing (ReMIC), Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (OTH Regensburg), Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), OTH Regensburg and Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- University Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Brébant
- University Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Chapman BV, Lei X, Patil P, Tripathi S, Nicklaus KM, Grossberg AJ, Shaitelman SF, Thompson AM, Hunt KK, Buchholz TA, Merchant F, Markey MK, Smith BD, Reddy JP. Quantitative 3-Dimensional Photographic Assessment of Breast Cosmesis After Whole Breast Irradiation for Early Stage Breast Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Adv Radiat Oncol 2020; 5:824-833. [PMID: 33083644 PMCID: PMC7557136 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our purpose was to use 3-dimensional (3D) surface photography to quantitatively measure breast cosmesis within the framework of a randomized clinical trial of conventionally fractionated (CF) and hypofractionated (HF) whole breast irradiation (WBI); to identify how 3D measurements are associated with patient- and physician-reported cosmesis; and to determine whether objective measures of breast symmetry varied by WBI treatment arm or transforming growth factor β 1 (TGFβ1) status. Methods and Materials From 2011 to 2014, 287 women age ≥40 with ductal carcinoma in situ or early-stage invasive breast cancer were enrolled in a multicenter trial and randomized to HF-WBI or CF-WBI with a boost. Three-dimensional surface photography was performed at 3 years posttreatment. Patient-reported cosmetic outcomes were recorded with the Breast Cancer Treatment Outcome Scale. Physician-reported cosmetic outcomes were assessed by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scale. Volume ratios and 6 quantitative measures of breast symmetry, termed F1-6C, were calculated using the breast contour and fiducial points assessed on 3D surface images. Associations between all metrics, patient- and physician-reported cosmesis, treatment arm, and TGFβ1 genotype were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariable logistic regression models. Results Among 77 (39 CF-WBI and 38 HF-WBI) evaluable patients, both patient- and physician-reported cosmetic outcomes were significantly associated with the F1C vertical symmetry measure (both P < .05). Higher dichotomized F1C and volumetric symmetry measures were associated with improved patient- and physician-reported cosmesis on multivariable logistic regression (both P ≤ .05). There were no statistically significant differences in vertical symmetry or volume measures between treatment arms. Increased F6C horizontal symmetry was observed in the CF-WBI arm (P = .05). Patients with the TGFβ1 C-509T variant allele had lower F2C vertical symmetry measures (P = .02). Conclusions Quantitative 3D image-derived measures revealed comparable cosmetic outcomes with HF-WBI compared with CF-WBI. Our findings suggest that 3D surface imaging may be a more sensitive method for measuring subtle cosmetic changes than global patient- or physician-reported assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana V. Chapman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiudong Lei
- Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Prithvi Patil
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Shikha Tripathi
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Krista M. Nicklaus
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Aaron J. Grossberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Simona F. Shaitelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alastair M. Thompson
- Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kelly K. Hunt
- Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas A. Buchholz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Fatima Merchant
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mia K. Markey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Benjamin D. Smith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jay P. Reddy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Corresponding author: Jay P. Reddy, MD, PhD
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Natural Breast Symmetry in Preoperative Breast Cancer Patients. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2019; 7:e2297. [PMID: 31942335 PMCID: PMC6952140 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plastic surgeons aim to achieve breast symmetry during cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery. They rely on measures of breast size, position, and projection to determine and achieve breast symmetry, but normative data on symmetry in preoperative breast reconstruction patients are scarce.
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6
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Zhao L, Cheong A, Reece GP, Fingeret MC, Shah SK, Merchant FA. Inferior Breast-Chest Contour Detection in 3-D Images of the Female Torso. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE-JTEHM 2016; 4:4300410. [PMID: 32519998 PMCID: PMC7228683 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2016.2614518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stereophotogrammetry is finding increased use in clinical breast surgery, both for breast reconstruction after oncological procedures and cosmetic augmentation and reduction. The ability to visualize and quantify morphological features of the breast facilitates pre-operative planning and post-operative outcome assessment. The contour outlining the lower half of the breast is important for the quantitative assessment of breast aesthetics. Based on this inferior breast contour, relevant morphological measures, such as breast symmetry, volume, and ptosis, can be determined. In this paper, we present an approach for automatically detecting the inferior contour of the breast in 3D images. Our approach employs surface curvature analysis and is able to detect the breast contour with high accuracy, achieving an average error of 1.64 mm and a dice coefficient in the range of 0.72–0.87 when compared with the manually annotated contour (ground truth). In addition, the detected contour is used to facilitate the detection of the lowest visible point on the breast, which is an important landmark for breast morphometric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77204USA
| | - Audrey Cheong
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77204USA
| | - Gregory P Reece
- Department of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Michelle C Fingeret
- Department of Behavioral ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Shishir K Shah
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77204USA
| | - Fatima A Merchant
- Departments of Engineering TechnologyElectrical and Computer Engineering, and Computer ScienceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77204USA
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7
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Multi-view stereophotogrammetry for post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. Med Biol Eng Comput 2015; 54:475-84. [PMID: 26133282 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A multi-view three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry system was developed to capture 3D shape of breasts for breast cancer patients. The patients had received immediate unilateral breast reconstruction after mastectomy by the extended latissimus dorsi flap and without contralateral surgery. In order to capture the whole breast shape including the inframammary fold, the patients were introduced to the imaging room and leaned over the imaging rig to open up the inframammary fold and to expose the entire area of each breast. The imaging system consisted of eight high-resolution ([Formula: see text] pixels) digital cameras and four flash units. The cameras were arranged in four stereo pairs from four different view angles to cover the whole surface of the breasts. The system calibration was carried out ahead of every capture session, and the stereo images were matched to generate four range images to be integrated using an elastic model proposed. A watertight breast mesh model was reconstructed to measure the volume of the breast captured. The accuracy of using the developed multi-view stereophotogrammetry system for breast volume measurement was 11.12cc with SEM 7.74cc, comparing to the measurements of the water displacement method. It was concluded that the 3D stereophotogrammetry image system developed was more reliable than the method of water displacement.
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8
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3D surface imaging of the human female torso in upright to supine positions. Med Eng Phys 2015; 37:375-83. [PMID: 25703742 PMCID: PMC4380553 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging of breasts is usually done with the patient in an upright position, which does not permit comparison of changes in breast morphology with changes in position of the torso. In theory, these limitations may be eliminated if the 3D camera system could remain fixed relative to the woman’s torso as she is tilted from 0 to 90 degrees. We mounted a 3dMDtorso imaging system onto a bariatric tilt table to image breasts at different tilt angles. The images were validated using a rigid plastic mannequin and the metrics compared to breast metrics obtained from 5 subjects with diverse morphology. The differences between distances between the same fiducial marks differed between the supine and upright positions by less than one percent for the mannequin, whereas the differences for distances between the same fiducial marks on the breasts of the 5 subjects differed significantly and could be correlated with body mass index and brassiere cup size for each position change. We show that a tilt table - 3D imaging system can be used to determine quantitative changes in the morphology of ptotic breasts when the subject is tilted to various angles.
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9
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Kawale MM, Reece GP, Crosby MA, Beahm EK, Fingeret MC, Markey MK, Merchant FA. Automated Identification of Fiducial Points on 3D Torso Images. Biomed Eng Comput Biol 2013; 5:57-68. [PMID: 25288903 PMCID: PMC4147764 DOI: 10.4137/becb.s11800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast reconstruction is an important part of the breast cancer treatment process for many women. Recently, 2D and 3D images have been used by plastic surgeons for evaluating surgical outcomes. Distances between different fiducial points are frequently used as quantitative measures for characterizing breast morphology. Fiducial points can be directly marked on subjects for direct anthropometry, or can be manually marked on images. This paper introduces novel algorithms to automate the identification of fiducial points in 3D images. Automating the process will make measurements of breast morphology more reliable, reducing the inter- and intra-observer bias. Algorithms to identify three fiducial points, the nipples, sternal notch, and umbilicus, are described. The algorithms used for localization of these fiducial points are formulated using a combination of surface curvature and 2D color information. Comparison of the 3D co-ordinates of automatically detected fiducial points and those identified manually, and geodesic distances between the fiducial points are used to validate algorithm performance. The algorithms reliably identified the location of all three of the fiducial points. We dedicate this article to our late colleague and friend, Dr. Elisabeth K. Beahm. Elisabeth was both a talented plastic surgeon and physician-scientist; we deeply miss her insight and her fellowship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas M Kawale
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory P Reece
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa A Crosby
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elisabeth K Beahm
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle C Fingeret
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mia K Markey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. ; Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fatima A Merchant
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. ; Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Kawale M, Lee J, Leung SY, Fingeret MC, Reece GP, Crosby MA, Beahm EK, Markey MK, Merchant FA. 3D Symmetry Measure Invariant to Subject Pose During Image Acquisition. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2011; 5:131-42. [PMID: 21792310 PMCID: PMC3140267 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s7140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study we evaluate the influence of subject pose during image acquisition on quantitative analysis of breast morphology. Three (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) images of the torso of 12 female subjects in two different poses; (1) hands-on-hip (HH) and (2) hands-down (HD) were obtained. In order to quantify the effect of pose, we introduce a new measure; the 3D pBRA (Percentage Breast Retraction Assessment) index, and validate its use against the 2D pBRA index. Our data suggests that the 3D pBRA index is linearly correlated with the 2D counterpart for both of the poses, and is independent of the localization of fiducial points within a tolerance limit of 7 mm. The quantitative assessment of 3D asymmetry was found to be invariant of subject pose. This study further corroborates the advantages of 3D stereophotogrammetry over 2D photography. Problems with pose that are inherent in 2D photographs are avoided and fiducial point identification is made easier by being able to panoramically rotate the 3D surface enabling views from any desired angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kawale
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Bose A, Shah SK, Reece GP, Crosby MA, Beahm EK, Fingeret MC, Markey MK, Merchant FA. Automated spatial alignment of 3D torso images. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2011; 2011:8455-8458. [PMID: 22256310 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6092086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an algorithm for automated spatial alignment of three-dimensional (3D) surface images in order to achieve a pre-defined orientation. Surface images of the torso are acquired from breast cancer patients undergoing reconstructive surgery to facilitate objective evaluation of breast morphology pre-operatively (for treatment planning) and/or post-operatively (for outcome assessment). Based on the viewing angle of the multiple cameras used for stereophotography, the orientation of the acquired torso in the images may vary from the normal upright position. Consequently, when translating this data into a standard 3D framework for visualization and analysis, the co-ordinate geometry differs from the upright position making robust and standardized comparison of images impractical. Moreover, manual manipulation and navigation of images to the desired upright position is subject to user bias. Automating the process of alignment and orientation removes operator bias and permits robust and repeatable adjustment of surface images to a pre-defined or desired spatial geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Bose
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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