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Moore KP, Schwaid AG, Tudor M, Park S, Beshore DC, Converso A, Shipe WD, Anand R, Lan P, Moningka R, Rothman DM, Sun W, Chi A, Cornella-Taracido I, Adam GC, Bahnck-Teets C, Carroll SS, Fay JF, Goh SL, Lusen J, Quan S, Rodriguez S, Xu M, Andrews CL, Song C, Filzen T, Li J, Hollenstein K, Klein DJ, Lammens A, Lim UM, Fang Z, McHale C, Li Y, Lu M, Diamond TL, Howell BJ, Zuck P, Balibar CJ. A Phenotypic Screen Identifies Potent DPP9 Inhibitors Capable of Killing HIV-1 Infected Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2595-2604. [PMID: 36044633 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although current antiretroviral therapy can control HIV-1 replication and prevent disease progression, it is not curative. Identifying mechanisms that can lead to eradication of persistent viral reservoirs in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) remains an outstanding challenge to achieving cure. Utilizing a phenotypic screen, we identified a novel chemical class capable of killing HIV-1 infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Tool compounds ICeD-1 and ICeD-2 ("inducer of cell death-1 and 2"), optimized for potency and selectivity from screening hits, were used to deconvolute the mechanism of action using a combination of chemoproteomic, biochemical, pharmacological, and genetic approaches. We determined that these compounds function by modulating dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) and activating the caspase recruitment domain family member 8 (CARD8) inflammasome. Efficacy of ICeD-1 and ICeD-2 was dependent on HIV-1 protease activity and synergistic with efavirenz, which promotes premature activation of HIV-1 protease at high concentrations in infected cells. This in vitro synergy lowers the efficacious cell kill concentration of efavirenz to a clinically relevant dose at concentrations of ICeD-1 or ICeD-2 that do not result in complete DPP9 inhibition. These results suggest engagement of the pyroptotic pathway as a potential approach to eliminate HIV-1 infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith P Moore
- Chemical Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Adam G Schwaid
- Chemical Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Matthew Tudor
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sangho Park
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Douglas C Beshore
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Antonella Converso
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - William D Shipe
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rajan Anand
- Chemical Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ping Lan
- Chemical Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Remond Moningka
- Chemical Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Deborah M Rothman
- Chemical Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Wanying Sun
- Chemical Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - An Chi
- Chemical Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | | | - Gregory C Adam
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Carolyn Bahnck-Teets
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Steven S Carroll
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - John F Fay
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shih Lin Goh
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jeffrey Lusen
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shuo Quan
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Silveria Rodriguez
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Min Xu
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Christine L Andrews
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Cheng Song
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tracey Filzen
- Screening and Protein Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Screening and Protein Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kaspar Hollenstein
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Daniel J Klein
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Alfred Lammens
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - U-Ming Lim
- Genome and Biomarker Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhiyu Fang
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Carolyn McHale
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yuan Li
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Meiqing Lu
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tracy L Diamond
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Bonnie J Howell
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Paul Zuck
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Carl J Balibar
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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