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Lei Z, Liu Q, Yang B, Ahmed S, Xiong J, Song T, Chen P, Cao J, He Q. Evaluation of Bioequivalence of Two Long-Acting 20% Oxytetracycline Formulations in Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:61. [PMID: 28507991 PMCID: PMC5410648 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the bioequivalence of long-acting oxytetracycline in two formulations, a reference formulation (Terramycin 20% LA, Pfizer) and a test one (Kangtekang 20% LA, Huishen). Both formulations were administered intramuscularly at 20 mg/kg body weight at each of 24 healthy animals during a two-period crossover parallel experimental design. The oxytetracycline (OTC) concentrations in plasma were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the limit of quantification was 0.05 µg/ml with a recovery ratio of above 90%. Moreover, the descriptive pharmacokinetics parameters (Cmax, AUC0-144h, and AUC0-∞) were calculated and compared under analysis of variance, and 90% confidence interval (CI) were compared, except for Tmax analyzed by non-parametric tests based on Wilcoxons's signed rank test. The comparison results of Cmax, AUC0-144h, AUC0-∞, and Tmax were 5.066 ± 0.486, 5.071 ± 0.877 µg/ml, 118.926 ± 13.259, 126.179 ± 17.390 µg h/ml, 123.087 ± 13.906, 130.732 ± 18.562 µg h/ml, 0.740 ± 0.278, 0.650 ± 0.258 h, respectively, and did not reveal any significant differences. In addition, 90% CIs of these ratios for reference and test product were within an interval of 80-125%, and the relative bioavailability of test one was (94.291 ± 15.287)%. Therefore, it has been concluded that test OTC was bioequivalent to the reference formulation in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Lei
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianying Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jincheng Xiong
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Song
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pin Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiyue Cao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
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CORNEJO J, LAPIERRE L, IRAGÜEN D, PIZARRO N, HIDALGO H, MARTÍN BSAN. Depletion study of three formulations of flumequine in edible tissues and drug transfer into chicken feathers. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:168-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hernandez-Abanto SM, Woolwine SC, Jain SK, Bishai WR. Tetracycline-inducible gene expression in mycobacteria within an animal host using modified Streptomyces tcp830 regulatory elements. Arch Microbiol 2006; 186:459-64. [PMID: 16944099 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-006-0160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 07/21/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inducible expression systems are powerful tools for studying gene function. Though several inducible expression systems are now available for mycobacteria, none have been used to modulate bacterial gene expression during an animal infection. A tetracycline-inducible expression system from Streptomyces coelicolor was successfully adapted for use in mycobacteria. To prevent baseline expression without induction, S. coelicolor tetR gene was overexpressed using the acetamidase promoter and regulatory gene block. Target gene expression was controlled by the S. coelicolor tcp830 promoter and operator allele. The -10 promoter consensus sequence of the tcp830 promoter was modified to better resemble known strong mycobacterial promoters. Using this system, induction of tetR fully repressed tcp830-dependent expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) to baseline levels. Addition of anhydrotetracycline led to a 62-fold induction of GFP expression in vitro and 15-fold induction in a mouse mycobacterial peritonitis model in the presence of maximal tetR expression. Chemically regulatable gene expression during animal infection may be a useful tool in studying mycobacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moises Hernandez-Abanto
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Rm.1.08, Baltimore, MD 21231-1044, USA
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