Neuronal maturation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus via chronic oral administration of Artemisa annua extract is independent of cyclooxygenase 2 signaling pathway in diet-induced obesity mouse model

Exercise Improves the Cytoskeletal and Metabolic Functions of Brown Adipocytes Through the ADRβ3/COX2-Ywhah Axis

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a critical target for obesity treatment, and exercise can enhance BAT function through the activation of ADRβ3. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BAT metabolism following the exercise-induced activation of ADRβ3 remain unclear. This study utilized RNA sequencing, Western blotting, Oil Red O staining, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and machine learning to investigate the role of the ADRβ3-COX2 pathway in lipid metabolism in brown adipocytes. We identified Ywhah as a key gene and validated our findings using external datasets. Our results demonstrate that exercise significantly enhances brown adipose tissue metabolism in mice, with ADRβ3 activation promoting metabolic activity in brown adipocytes. In contrast, COX2 inhibition notably reduced the lipolytic effect and thermogenic gene expression induced by ADRβ3 activation. WGCNA and machine learning identified Ywhah as the most important feature variable in the downstream signaling of the ADRβ3-COX2 pathway. External microarray data further confirmed that 8 weeks of aerobic exercise significantly upregulated Ywhah expression. Additionally, Ywhah displayed strong binding affinity to cytoskeletal proteins in affinity purification-mass spectrometry experiments, and its expression was highly correlated with cytoskeletal GSVA scores. In summary, this study reveals the potential role of the ADRβ3-COX2-Ywhah-cytoskeleton axis in regulating brown adipocyte metabolism, providing new insights into obesity treatment mechanisms.

Protective Effect of Tilia americana var. mexicana Against Kainic Acid-induced Damage in Brain, Liver, and Kidney: Behavioral and Biochemical Changes

: Tiliaamericana var. mexicana (Tilia) possesses anticonvulsant, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. The spectrum of anticonvulsant activity in status epilepticus models has not been sufficiently explored. We evaluated the effects of ethyl acetate (EAc), and methanol (ME) extracts on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures by measuring rats’behavior (severity and latency) and lipoperoxidation in different brain areas (cerebellum, brain hemispheres, cortex, and medulla), kidneys, and liver. Male Wistar rats were administered KA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) after three days of pretreatment with Tilia extract (100 mg/kg). The EAc and ME Tilia extracts significantly decreased the severity of phase 1 and phase 2 seizures, respectively. The ME Tilia extract increased the latency to seizure (27 ± 2 min) compared to the control (13 ± 2 min). The ME and EAc Tilia extracts significantly prevented the increased lipid peroxidation caused by KA-induced seizures in the cerebellum, brain hemispheres, cortex, medulla, liver, and kidneys. The vehicle olive oil (OO) also showed anticonvulsant effects, decreasing the severity of seizures to phase 3 and lipoperoxidation levels in the cerebellum, brain hemispheres, cortex, medulla, liver, and kidneys. The anticonvulsant activity of Tilia is mediated by antioxidant effects in central and systemic areas that involve synergistic interactions among the chemical constituents of these extracts (glucosides of quercetin and kaempferol), while vehicle OO showed the same effects, probably due to its constituent oleuropein.