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Wicaksono D, Taslim NA, Lau V, Syahputra RA, Alatas AI, Putra PP, Tallei TE, Tjandrawinata RR, Tsopmo A, Kim B, Nurkolis F. Elucidation of anti-human melanoma and anti-aging mechanisms of compounds from green seaweed Caulerpa racemosa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:27534. [PMID: 39528552 PMCID: PMC11555072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-78464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Human melanoma is linked with aging-related disorders, prompting interest in the development of functional foods derived from natural ingredients to mitigate its incidence. Molecules in green seaweeds such as Caulerpa racemosa can serve this purpose due to their anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties. A previous work study compounds profiling has been carried out, and in this research the molecular docking studies targeting receptors associated with melanoma (GRP78, IRE1, BRAF) and aging (mTOR, AMPK, SIRT1) identified four promising compound in an extract of C. racemosa. The current study aims to the mechanism of those compounds at a cellular level using the human A375 (BRAF-V600E mutation) and A375 and B16-F10 cell lines. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the potential of GSCRE compounds against A375 and B16-F10 cell lines, with comparisons made to normal HDFa cell lines. Results indicated that compound C2, also known as Caulersin, demonstrated a significantly different ∆G affinity binding score compared to the control drug Dabrafenib. GSCRE crude extract, particularly C2, showed potential in modulating mTOR, AMPK, and SIRT1 pathways and downregulating GRP78, IRE1, and BRAF signaling (p < 0.05). Interestingly, C2 was less effective in suppressing A375 and B16-F10 cell lines (LD50 C2 < LD50 Dabrafenib/control), with its LD50 value nearly matching that of the Trametinib control in B16-F10 cell lines. Consequently, GSCRE, especially C2 or Caulersin, shows promise as a new molecule for developing functional foods to combat aging and human melanoma. However, further in vivo studies and clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danar Wicaksono
- Alumnus Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Vincent Lau
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Aiman Idrus Alatas
- Program of Clinical Microbiology Residency, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Purnawan Pontana Putra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, 25163, Indonesia
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, 95115, Indonesia
| | - Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Research and Policy, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Apollinaire Tsopmo
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-Ro 26, Dong-Daemun-Gu, Seoul, 05254, South Korea
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
- Medical Research Center of Indonesia (MERCIE), Surabaya, 60281, Indonesia.
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Jang H, Ryu HJ, Kim SK. Genetic Characteristics of Primary Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in Koreans Compared With Western Populations. In Vivo 2023; 37:862-867. [PMID: 36881068 PMCID: PMC10026668 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cutaneous melanoma, a melanocyte malignancy, can be divided into many clinical subtypes that differ in presentation, demographics, and genetic profile. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis to review genetic alterations in 47 primary cutaneous melanomas in the Korean population and compared them to alterations from melanomas in Western populations. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed clinicopathologic and genetic features of 47 patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanomas between 2019-2021 at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine. NGS analysis was performed at diagnosis to evaluate single nucleotide variations (SNVs), copy number variations (CNVs), and genetic fusions. Genetic features in Western cohorts of melanoma were then compared with previous studies performed in the USA: Cohort 1 (n=556), Cohort 2 (n=79), and Cohort 3 (n=38). RESULTS The most common histological classification of melanoma was the acral lentiginous type (23/47, 48.9%). BRAF V600 mutation was most frequent (11/47, 23.4%), but was significantly lower compared to Cohort 1 (240/556, 43.2%) and Cohort 2 (34/79, 43.0%) (p=0.0300). CNV analysis identified amplifications in chromosomes 12q14.1-12q15 (11/47, 23.4%) including CDK4 and MDM2 genes and 11q13.3 (9/47, 19.2%) including CND1, FGF19, FGF3, and FGF4 genes more frequently in the present study population than Cohort 1 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION These results clearly demonstrated differences in genetic alterations between melanomas in Asian and Western populations. Therefore, BRAF V600 mutation should be considered a significant signaling pathway explaining melanoma pathogenesis occurrence in both Asian and Western populations, whereas loss of chromosome 9p21.3 is unique to melanomas in Western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyenguk Jang
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Joo Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Brown-Korsah JB, McKenzie S, Omar D, Syder NC, Elbuluk N, Taylor SC. Variations in genetics, biology, and phenotype of cutaneous disorders in skin of color - Part I: Genetic, biologic, and structural differences in skin of color. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 87:1239-1258. [PMID: 35809800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.06.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin of color (SOC) populations include those who identify as Black/African, Hispanic/Latinx, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Native Alaskan, Indigenous Australian, Middle Eastern, biracial/multiracial, or non-White; this list is far from exhaustive and may vary between and within cultures. Recent genetic and immunological studies have suggested that cutaneous inflammatory disorders (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa) and malignancies (melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) may have variations in their immunophenotype among SOC. Additionally, there is growing recognition of the substantial role social determinants of health play in driving health inequalities in SOC communities. It is critically important to understand that social determinants of health often play a larger role than biologic or genetic factors attributed to "race" in health care outcomes. Herein, we describe the structural, genetic, and immunological variations and the potential implications of these variations in populations with SOC. This article underscores the importance of increasing the number of large, robust genetic studies of cutaneous disorders in SOC to create more targeted, effective therapies for this often underserved and understudied population. Part II of this CME will highlight the clinical differences in the phenotypic presentation of and the health disparities associated with the aforementioned cutaneous disorders in SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Brown-Korsah
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shanice McKenzie
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deega Omar
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nicole C Syder
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nada Elbuluk
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan C Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Rantala ES, Hernberg MM, Piperno-Neumann S, Grossniklaus HE, Kivelä TT. Metastatic uveal melanoma: The final frontier. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 90:101041. [PMID: 34999237 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of primary intraocular uveal melanoma has developed considerably, its driver genes are largely unraveled, and the ways to assess its risk for metastases are very precise, being based on an international staging system and genetic data. Unfortunately, the risk of distant metastases, which emerge in approximately one half of all patients, is unaltered. Metastases are the leading single cause of death after uveal melanoma is diagnosed, yet no consensus exists regarding surveillance, staging, and treatment of disseminated disease, and survival has not improved until recently. The final frontier in conquering uveal melanoma lies in solving these issues to cure metastatic disease. Most studies on metastatic uveal melanoma are small, uncontrolled, retrospective, and do not report staging. Meta-analyses confirm a median overall survival of 10-13 months, and a cure rate that approaches nil, although survival exceeding 5 years is possible, estimated 2% either with first-line treatment or with best supportive care. Hepatic ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging as surveillance methods have a sensitivity of 95-100% and 83-100%, respectively, to detect metastases without radiation hazard according to prevailing evidence, but computed tomography is necessary for staging. No blood-based tests additional to liver function tests are generally accepted. Three validated staging systems predict, each in defined situations, overall survival after metastasis. Their essential components include measures of tumor burden, liver function, and performance status or metastasis free interval. Age and gender may additionally influence survival. Exceptional mutational events in metastases may make them susceptible to checkpoint inhibitors. In a large meta-analysis, surgical treatment was associated with 6 months longer median overall survival as compared to conventional chemotherapy and, recently, tebentafusp as first-line treatment at the first interim analysis of a randomized phase III trial likewise provided a 6 months longer median overall survival compared to investigator's choice, mostly pembrolizumab; these treatments currently apply to selected patients. Promoting dormancy of micrometastases, harmonizing surveillance protocols, promoting staging, identifying predictive factors, initiating controlled clinical trials, and standardizing reporting will be critical steppingstones in reaching the final frontier of curing metastatic uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina S Rantala
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4 C, PL 220, FI-00029, HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Micaela M Hernberg
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Paciuksenkatu 3, PL 180, FI-00029, HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Hans E Grossniklaus
- Section of Ocular Oncology, Emory Eye Center, 1365 Clifton Road B, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Tero T Kivelä
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4 C, PL 220, FI-00029, HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
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[BRAF mutation evolution in melanoma: Myth or reality?]. Ann Pathol 2021; 42:113-118. [PMID: 34865880 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the BRAF mutational status has become essential for melanoma therapeutic management. B-Raf inhibitors are associated with significant overall survival in patients with BRAFV600-mutated metastatic melanoma. Although the BRAF mutation appears to be an early and driver mutation, some authors hypothesized that its expression was not stable during melanoma progression, suggesting a molecular heterogeneity. This argument is often used to explain discrepancy in molecular status among patients with melanoma, discrepancies that we occasionally met during our practice. We retrospectively compared BRAF mutational status on matched melanoma samples (primary & metastatic lesions), thus 150 samples from 56 patients were analysed through immunohistochemistry anti-BRAF, PCR-HRM and Sanger sequencing, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and digital PCR. Seven cases presented an apparent tumor heterogeneity. The analysis of these discrepancies by a technique of increasing sensitivity made it possible to identify 1 false-negative result for the immunohistochemistry, 1 false-negative result for the NGS sequencing and 5 (3%) false-negative results by PCR-HRM SANGER. Our results are consistent with the most recent data, demonstrating the stability of the BRAF mutation during the course of melanoma. Immunohistochemistry shows excellent sensitivity for detecting the main BRAF mutation. In our study, the mutational heterogeneity was actually misleading, a result of imperfect sensitivity of some older molecular approaches.
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Park HS, Kim JH, Cho MY, Chung KY, Roh MR. PTEN Promoter Hypermethylation Is Associated with Breslow Thickness in Acral Melanoma on the Heel, Forefoot, and Hallux. Ann Dermatol 2020; 33:18-25. [PMID: 33911808 PMCID: PMC7875221 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acral melanoma occurs on glabrous skin or the nail apparatus and is distinct from ultraviolet-related melanoma due to differing genetic alteration patterns. Although the pathogenesis of acral melanoma is not well understood, mechanical stress is thought to induce acral melanoma. The incidence of gene mutation and promoter methylation has been reported in tumors from acral melanoma; however, an association between genetic/epigenetic alterations and mechanical stress in acral melanoma remains unclear. Objective To investigate the relationship between clinical/genetic factors and mechanical stress in acral melanoma. Methods A retrospective review of 52 patients diagnosed with acral melanoma was performed. We reviewed the clinical characteristics of patients, tumor status, and tumor location. Mutations in BRAF, NRAS, and the TERT promoter, along with KIT amplification and PTEN promoter methylation were analyzed in the tumors. Results The heel (34/52, 65.4%) was the most common anatomical tumor site. Mutations in BRAF (6/48, 12.5%), NRAS (6/49, 12.2%), and the TERT promoter (4/33, 12.1%), along with KIT amplification (3/37, 8.1%) and PTEN promoter hypermethylation (12/48, 25.0%) were observed in the tumors. On the forefoot, heel, and hallux, PTEN promoter hypermethylation was significantly associated with Breslow thickness (p=0.001) and ulceration rate (p=0.042). On the midfoot and lesser toes, there was no significant difference in Breslow thickness or ulceration rate regardless of PTEN promoter hypermethylation (p>0.05). Conclusion PTEN promoter hypermethylation is associated with Breslow thickness and tumor ulceration on the forefoot, heel, and hallux in acral melanoma in Korean patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Seok Park
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Yang Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Ryung Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Oh Y, Choi S, Cho MY, Nam KA, Shin SJ, Chang JS, Oh BH, Roh MR, Chung KY. Male sex and Breslow thickness are important risk factors for recurrence of localized melanoma in Korean populations. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:1071-1079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Pellegrini C, Cardelli L, Padova MD, Nardo LD, Ciciarelli V, Rocco T, Cipolloni G, Clementi M, Cortellini A, Ventura A, Leocata P, Fargnoli MC. Intra-patient Heterogeneity of BRAF and NRAS Molecular Alterations in Primary Melanoma and Metastases. Acta Derm Venereol 2020; 100:adv00040. [PMID: 31774543 PMCID: PMC9128895 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in MAPK signalling genes are driver events in melanoma, and have therapeutic relevance in the metastatic and adjuvant setting. This study evaluated the intra-patient heterogeneity of BRAF, NRAS and c-KIT mutational status between 30 primary melanomas and 39 related metastases, using molecular analysis and immunohistochemistry. BRAF mutations were identified in 46.7% of primary melanomas and 48.7% of metastases and NRAS mutations in 20% and 25.6%, respectively. Intra-patient heterogeneity was detected in 13.3% of patients for both BRAF and NRAS genes and was not associated with clinico-pathological characteristics of melanomas or metastases. High consistency was observed between immunostaining and molecular methods for BRAFV600E (k = 0.90; p < 0.001) and NRASQ61R (k = 0.87; p < 0.001). These findings demonstrate a relevant intra-patient heterogeneity between primary and metastatic lesions that is independent of clinical variables and methodological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pellegrini
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, IT-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Wu JC, Tsai HE, Hsiao YH, Wu JS, Wu CS, Tai MH. Topical MTII Therapy Suppresses Melanoma Through PTEN Upregulation and Cyclooxygenase II Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020681. [PMID: 31968661 PMCID: PMC7013727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanotan II (MTII), a synthetic analogue of the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), has been applied for skin tanning in humans. However, the carcinogenic consequence of topical MTII has been equivocal. This study aims to delineate the anti-neoplastic efficacy and mechanism of MTII using the B16-F10 melanoma model in vitro and in vivo. It was found that, despite a lack of influence on proliferation, MTII potently inhibited the migration, invasion, and colony-forming capability of melanoma cells. Moreover, topical MTII application significantly attenuated the tumor progression in mice bearing established melanoma. Histological analysis revealed that MTII therapy induced apoptosis while inhibiting the proliferation and neovaluarization in melanoma tissues. By immunoblot and immunohistochemical analysis, it was found that MTII dose-dependently increased the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein level while reducing PTEN phosphorylation, which resulted in the inhibition of AKT/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling. Consistently, MTII treatment inhibited cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in melanoma cells. Finally, studies of antibody neutralization suggest that the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) plays a critical role in MTII-induced PTEN upregulation and melanoma suppression. Together, these results indicate that MTII elicits PTEN upregulation via MC1R, thereby suppressing melanoma progression through downregulating COX-2/PGE2 signaling. Hence, topical MTII therapy may facilitate a novel therapeutic strategy against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ching Wu
- Biobank and Tissue Bank, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Han-En Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (H.-E.T.); (Y.-H.H.); (J.-S.W.)
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsiao
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (H.-E.T.); (Y.-H.H.); (J.-S.W.)
| | - Ji-Syuan Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (H.-E.T.); (Y.-H.H.); (J.-S.W.)
| | - Chieh-Shan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-S.W.); (M.-H.T.); Tel.: +886-7-3468080 (C.-S.W.); +886-7-5252000 (ext. 5816) (M.-H.T.); Fax: +886-7-3468210 (C.-S.W.); +886-7-5250197 (M.-H.T.)
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (H.-E.T.); (Y.-H.H.); (J.-S.W.)
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-S.W.); (M.-H.T.); Tel.: +886-7-3468080 (C.-S.W.); +886-7-5252000 (ext. 5816) (M.-H.T.); Fax: +886-7-3468210 (C.-S.W.); +886-7-5250197 (M.-H.T.)
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Min KW, Choe JY, Kwon MJ, Lee HK, Kang HS, Nam ES, Cho SJ, Park HR, Min SK, Seo J, Kim YJ, Kim NY, Kim HY. BRAF and NRAS mutations and antitumor immunity in Korean malignant melanomas and their prognostic relevance: Gene set enrichment analysis and CIBERSORT analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Liang C, Peng LY, Zou M, Chen X, Chen Y, Chen H, Xiao L, Yan N, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Huang X. Heterogeneity of GNAQ/11 mutation inversely correlates with the metastatic rate in uveal melanoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2019; 105:587-592. [PMID: 31533929 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the GNAQ/11 mutation correlated with the outcome of patients with uveal melanoma (UM) when genetic heterogeneity was considered. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of sixty-seven patients with UM. The heterogeneity of GNAQ/11 was examined by using droplet digital PCR. The correlation between metastasis and heterogeneity of the GNAQ/11 mutation was analysed. Disease free survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Wilcoxon log-rank test was used to compare the curves. RESULTS The GNAQ/11 mutation ratio was varied between each case. Among these patients, 28.35% of them harboured homogeneous mutation of GNAQ/11, 62.69% present heterogeneous mutation and 8.96% didn't present either GNAQ or GNA11 mutation. The tumour with heterogeneous mutation of GNAQ/11 has a higher metastatic rate than that with homogeneous mutation (13/29 vs 1/18, p=0.027). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, metastasis-free survival was not significantly associated with either homogeneous or heterogeneous mutation of GNAQ/11. CONCLUSION The mutation ratio of GNAQ/11 in UM was quite variable. The tumour with heterogeneous mutation of GNAQ/11 is more likely to develop a poor prognosis than that with homogeneous mutation of GNAQ/11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China .,Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Ya Peng
- Medical department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Research core facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hou Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lirong Xiao
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China
| | - Naihong Yan
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Tumor Heterogeneity on FDG PET/CT and Immunotherapy: An Imaging Biomarker for Predicting Treatment Response in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 212:1318-1326. [PMID: 30933647 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.18.19796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of quantitative 18F-FDG PET parameters to predict outcomes of patients with malignant melanoma who have been treated with immune modulation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively investigated 34 patients with malignant melanoma. Twenty-three patients received immunotherapy as first-line therapy, and 11 patients received it as second-line therapy. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume, tumor lesion glycolysis, and intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity (as measured by the tumor heterogeneity [TH] index) were measured for the primary tumors and metastatic sites associated with up to five of the most FDG-avid lesions per patient. The TH index was calculated as the AUC value of a cumulative SUV volume histogram curve for all patients. The median follow-up was 29.5 months (range, 3-288 months). Outcome endpoints were progression-free survival and overall survival. Kaplan-Meier survival plots were used, and Cox regression analysis was performed for predictors of survival. RESULTS. A total of 101 lesions were analyzed. Five lesions were analyzed in 12 patients, four lesions in three patients, three lesions in three patients, two lesions in four patients, and one lesion in 12 patients. Of the 34 patients included in the study, 15 (44.1%) had disease progression and 11 (32.3%) had died by the time the last follow-up occurred. The mean (± SD) SUVmax, peak SUV, metabolic tumor volume, tumor lesion glycolysis, and TH values for all lesions were 9.68 ± 6.6, 7.82 ± 5.83, 81.96 ± 146.87 mL, 543.65 ± 1022.92 g, and 5841.36 ± 1249.85, respectively. TH had a negative correlation with SUVmax, peak SUV, and tumor lesion glycolysis (p < 0.0001 for all). CONCLUSION. The TH index is significantly associated with overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with immune modulation therapy as first-line or second-line therapy.
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