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Meng N, Wang X, Song Y, Fan X, Zeng J, Feng T, Cong P, Xu J, Xue C. Characterization of oxylipins in Antarctic krill oil (Euphausia superba) during storage based on RPLC-MS/MS analysis. Food Chem 2024; 445:138702. [PMID: 38350200 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Antarctic krill oil (AKO) is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), but is prone to oxidative degradation, resulting in the formation of oxylipins, which compromise AKO quality. Herein, we used reversed-phase-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS/MS) to perform qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of oxylipins in AKO during storage. A total of 27 oxylipins were identified. A notable decrease in epoxy oxylipins (from 41.8 % to 26.9 % of the total oxylipins) was observed, whereas the content of dihydro oxylipins initially increased and then decreased with 48 h, as a pivotal point for AKO quality decline during storage. We suspected that the ratio of dihydroxyl and epoxy oxylipins could be a novel oxidative index to evaluate the oxidation of AKO. Statistical analysis allowed the identification of five oxylipins which showed unique correlations with various indexes. The findings discussed herein provide important new insights into mechanisms of oxidation occurring in AKO during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266500, China
| | - Xincen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266500, China; Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yu Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266500, China.
| | - Xiaowei Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266500, China
| | - Junpeng Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266500, China
| | - Tingyu Feng
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266500, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266500, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266500, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266235, China.
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Crane A, Shanahan RM, Hudson JS, Nowicki KW, Gersey ZC, Agarwal P, Jacobs RC, Lang MJ, Gross B. Pharmaceutical Modulation of Intracranial Aneurysm Development and Rupture. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3324. [PMID: 38893035 PMCID: PMC11173282 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Management of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is determined by patient age, risk of rupture, and comorbid conditions. While endovascular and microsurgical interventions offer solutions to mitigate the risk of rupture, pharmacological management strategies may complement these approaches or serve as alternatives in appropriate cases. The pathophysiology of IAs allows for the targeting of inflammation to prevent the development and rupture of IAs. The aim of this review is to provide an updated summary of different pharmaceutical management strategies for IAs. Acetylsalicylic acid and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor antihypertensives have some evidence supporting their protective effect. Studies of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, statins, ADP inhibitors, and other metabolism-affecting drugs have demonstrated inconclusive findings regarding their association with aneurysm growth or rupture. In this manuscript, we highlight the evidence supporting each drug's effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Crane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (Z.C.G.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Regan M. Shanahan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (Z.C.G.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Joseph S. Hudson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (Z.C.G.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Kamil W. Nowicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Zachary C. Gersey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (Z.C.G.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Prateek Agarwal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (Z.C.G.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Rachel C. Jacobs
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (Z.C.G.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Michael J. Lang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (Z.C.G.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Bradley Gross
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (Z.C.G.); (M.J.L.)
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Zhang C, Hu Z, Pan Z, Ji Z, Cao X, Yu H, Qin X, Guan M. The arachidonic acid metabolome reveals elevation of prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in colorectal cancer. Analyst 2024; 149:1907-1920. [PMID: 38372525 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01723k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid metabolites are a family of bioactive lipids derived from membrane phospholipids. They are involved in cancer progression, but arachidonic acid metabolite profiles and their related biosynthetic pathways remain uncertain in colorectal cancer (CRC). To compare the arachidonic acid metabolite profiles between CRC patients and healthy controls, quantification was performed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based analysis of serum and tissue samples. Metabolomics analysis delineated the distinct oxidized lipids in CRC patients and healthy controls. Prostaglandin (PGE2)-derived metabolites were increased, suggesting that the PGE2 biosynthetic pathway was upregulated in CRC. The qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that the expression level of PGE2 synthases, the key protein of PGE2 biosynthesis, was upregulated in CRC and positively correlated with the CD68+ macrophage density and CRC development. Our study indicates that the PGE2 biosynthetic pathway is associated with macrophage infiltration and progression of CRC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zuojian Hu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Ziyue Pan
- Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaodong Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongxiu Yu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
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Geurts F, Chaker L, van der Burgh AC, Cronin‐Fenton D, Fenton RA, Hoorn EJ. Urinary Prostaglandin E2 Excretion and the Risk of Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032835. [PMID: 38362883 PMCID: PMC11010119 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with cardiovascular mortality and kidney disease. This study hypothesizes that urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2 metabolite (PGEM) excretions are markers of cardiovascular and kidney health, because they reflect both systemic and kidney-derived PGE2 production. METHODS AND RESULTS PGE2 and PGEM were measured in spot urine samples from 2291 participants (≥55 years old) of the population-based Rotterdam Study. Urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretions were analyzed using linear regression analyses to identify cross-sectional associations with cardiovascular risk factors and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Longitudinal associations with cardiovascular mortality and kidney outcomes (eGFR <60 or <45 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and the composite outcome 40% eGFR loss or kidney failure) were assessed with Cox regression. Urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretions were higher with increasing age, lower eGFR, smoking, diabetes, and albuminuria. A 2-fold higher urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretion was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (28 825 patient-years; 160 events; PGE2 hazard ratio [HR], 1.27, [95% CI, 1.06-1.54]; PGEM HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.10-1.67]). Higher PGE2 excretions were also associated with a higher risk of incident eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (31 530 person-years; 691 events; HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.02-1.25]) with similar HRs for the other kidney outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretions are novel markers for the presence and progression of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Future studies should address whether these associations are causal and can be targeted to improve cardiovascular and kidney outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Geurts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical CenterUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical CenterUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical CenterUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical CenterUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anna C. van der Burgh
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical CenterUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Deirdre Cronin‐Fenton
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus University Hospital and Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Ewout J. Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical CenterUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Sieminska J, Kolmert J, Zurita J, Benkestock K, Revol-Cavalier J, Niklinski J, Reszec J, Dahlén SE, Ciborowski M, Wheelock CE. A single extraction 96-well method for LC-MS/MS quantification of urinary eicosanoids, steroids and drugs. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 170:106789. [PMID: 37879396 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Urinary eicosanoid concentrations reflect inflammatory processes in multiple diseases and have been used as biomarkers of disease as well as suggested for patient stratification in precision medicine. However, implementation of urinary eicosanoid profiling in large-scale analyses is restricted due to sample preparation limits. Here we demonstrate a single solid-phase extraction of 300 µL urine in 96-well-format for prostaglandins, thromboxanes, isoprostanes, cysteinyl-leukotriene E4 and the linoleic acid-derived dihydroxy-octadecenoic acids (9,10- and 12,13-DiHOME). A simultaneous screening protocol was also developed for cortisol/cortisone and 7 exogenous steroids as well as 3 cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Satisfactory performance for quantification of eicosanoids with an appropriate internal standard was demonstrated for intra-plate analyses (CV = 8.5-15.1%) as well as for inter-plate (n = 35) from multiple studies (CV = 22.1-34.9%). Storage stability was evaluated at - 20 °C, and polar tetranors evidenced a 50% decrease after 5 months, while the remaining eicosanoids evidenced no significant degradation. All eicosanoids were stable over 3.5-years in urine stored at - 80 °C. This method will facilitate the implementation of urinary eicosanoid quantification in large-scale screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sieminska
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Johan Kolmert
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Zurita
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Johanna Revol-Cavalier
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacek Niklinski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Reszec
- Department of Medical Patomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Nouwade K, Tfaili S, Prost B, Dakroub H, Solgadi A, Libong D, Paul JL, Fournier N, Chaminade P. Comprehensive analysis of oxylipins using reverse phase liquid chromatography and data dependent acquisition workflow on LTQ-Orbitrap® Velos Pro. Talanta 2024; 266:124921. [PMID: 37454517 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins - involved in inflammatory processes - are reported in several diseases, in biological, pharmacological, and physiological fields. To face the structural complexity of oxylipins, the study of isomers and isobars species relied on Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) and Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) in tandem mass spectrometry such as triple quadrupole, quadrupole-Time of Flight (TOF). Unfortunately, false positive signals in cellular matrix could occur using MRM or SRM mode since the MS/MS spectrum of each molecule is not acquired with the previous mode to help molecule confirmation. Using the versatile ability of LTQ-Orbitrap® Velos Pro mass spectrometer, we developed a novel method based on data dependent acquisition (DDA) workflow for oxylipins analysis. To reach sufficient data points per peak and a better sensitivity to quantify oxylipins traces, an optimization of the acquisition frequency was carried out both on linear trap and Orbitrap analyzers. A segmentation of the chromatographic profile and an optimization of the collision energies by HCD (higher energy collision dissociation) for each eicosanoid increased the acquisition frequency significantly and the detection threshold: around 2 pg for some prostanoids and 0.02-2 pg for some leukotrienes and oxidized species. We validated our method in terms of specificity (RSD <10%), sensitivity, accuracy and precision. The intra and inter-day accuracy were between 86.56% and 114.93%. Besides, a relative standard deviation less than 15% as intra- and inter-day precision were obtained for almost all molecules. A linear range between 2.5 and 12,500 pg was reached. DDA approach on LTQ-Orbitrap® constitutes an alternative to MRM mode on triple quadrupole for eicosanoids quantification in complex matrices. Finally, this method helped us to compare for the first time the amount of prostanoids released by J774 and THP-1 macrophages under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodjo Nouwade
- Lip(Sys)(2) - Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, UFR Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Sana Tfaili
- Lip(Sys)(2) - Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, UFR Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
| | - Bastien Prost
- UMS-IPSIT SAMM Facility, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l'Innovation Thérapeutique, UFR Pharmacie, Orsay, France
| | - Hani Dakroub
- Lip(Sys)(2) - Equipe «athérosclérose et macrophages: impact des phospholipides et des fonctions mitochondriales sur le trafic et l'efflux du cholestérol cellulaire», UFR Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Audrey Solgadi
- UMS-IPSIT SAMM Facility, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l'Innovation Thérapeutique, UFR Pharmacie, Orsay, France
| | - Danielle Libong
- Lip(Sys)(2) - Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, UFR Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France; UMS-IPSIT SAMM Facility, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l'Innovation Thérapeutique, UFR Pharmacie, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Louis Paul
- Lip(Sys)(2) - Equipe «athérosclérose et macrophages: impact des phospholipides et des fonctions mitochondriales sur le trafic et l'efflux du cholestérol cellulaire», UFR Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Natalie Fournier
- Lip(Sys)(2) - Equipe «athérosclérose et macrophages: impact des phospholipides et des fonctions mitochondriales sur le trafic et l'efflux du cholestérol cellulaire», UFR Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Pierre Chaminade
- Lip(Sys)(2) - Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, UFR Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France; UMS-IPSIT SAMM Facility, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l'Innovation Thérapeutique, UFR Pharmacie, Orsay, France
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Geurts F, Xue L, Kramers BJ, Zietse R, Gansevoort RT, Fenton RA, Meijer E, Salih M, Hoorn EJ. Prostaglandin E2, Osmoregulation, and Disease Progression in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 18:1426-1434. [PMID: 37574650 PMCID: PMC10637469 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a physiological role in osmoregulation, a process that is affected early in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). PGE2 has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of ADPKD in preclinical models, but human data are limited. Here, we hypothesized that urinary PGE2 excretion is associated with impaired osmoregulation, disease severity, and disease progression in human ADPKD. METHODS Urinary excretions of PGE2 and its metabolite (PGEM) were measured in a prospective cohort of patients with ADPKD. The associations between urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretions, markers of osmoregulation, eGFR and height-adjusted total kidney volume were assessed using linear regression models. Cox regression and linear mixed models were used for the longitudinal analysis of the associations between urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretions and disease progression defined as 40% eGFR loss or kidney failure, and change in eGFR over time. In two intervention studies, we quantified the effect of starting tolvaptan and adding hydrochlorothiazide to tolvaptan on urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretions. RESULTS In 562 patients with ADPKD (61% female, eGFR 63±28 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ), higher urinary PGE2 or PGEM excretions were independently associated with higher plasma copeptin, lower urine osmolality, lower eGFR, and greater total kidney volume. Participants with higher baseline urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretions had a higher risk of 40% eGFR loss or kidney failure (hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.46 and hazard ratio, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.80 per two-fold higher urinary PGE2 or PGEM excretions) and a faster change in eGFR over time (-0.39 [95% CI, -0.59 to -0.20] and -0.53 [95% CI, -0.75 to -0.31] ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year). In the intervention studies, urinary PGEM excretion was higher after starting tolvaptan, while urinary PGE2 excretion was higher after adding hydrochlorothiazide to tolvaptan. CONCLUSIONS Higher urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretions in patients with ADPKD are associated with impaired osmoregulation, disease severity, and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Geurts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laixi Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. Kramers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Zietse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron T. Gansevoort
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Esther Meijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mahdi Salih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J. Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Townsend EA, Guadarrama A, Shi L, Roti Roti E, Denlinger LC. P2X 7 signaling influences the production of pro-resolving and pro-inflammatory lipid mediators in alveolar macrophages derived from individuals with asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L399-L410. [PMID: 37581221 PMCID: PMC10639011 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00070.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Few new therapeutics exist to target airway inflammation in mild-to-moderate asthma. Alveolar macrophages regulate airway inflammation by producing proresolving eicosanoids. We hypothesized that stimulation of the purinergic receptor P2X7 in macrophages from individuals with asthma produces eicosanoids associated with airway inflammation and resolution, and that these responses are predicted, in part, by P2X7 pore function. Study subjects were recruited in an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved study. Alveolar macrophages were recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following bronchoscopy. Purinergic receptor classification was performed using flow cytometry and fluorescent cell assay. Macrophages were stimulated in vitro and eicosanoids were measured via ELISA or enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in the presence and absence of P2X7-specific agonist [2'(3')-O-(4-Benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5'-triphosphate tri(triethylammonium) salt (Bz-ATP)] and antagonist (AZD9056). Functional P2X7 pore status was confirmed in a live cell assay using P2X7-specific agonists and antagonists. Alveolar macrophages produced increased quantities of the oxylipins lipoxin A4 (LXA4), resolvin D1 (RvD1), and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE) following stimulation with Bz-ATP compared with vehicle controls, responses that were attenuated in the presence of the P2X7-selective antagonist, AZD9056. LXA4 and RvD1 production was greatest at 1 h, whereas 15(S)-HETE was maximally produced 24 h. Prostaglandin E-2 and resolvin E1 were minimally produced by P2X7 activation, indicating differential signaling pathways involved in eicosanoid production in alveolar macrophages derived from individuals with asthma. The early production of the proresolving eicosanoids, LXA4 and resolvin D1, is regulated by P2X7, whereas generation of the proinflammatory eicosanoid, 15(S)-HETE, is only partially regulated through P2X7 signaling and reaches maximal production after the peak in proresolving eicosanoids.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Alveolar macrophages obtained from individuals with asthma produce soluble lipid mediators in response to P2X7 purinergic receptor signaling. Proinflammatory mediators may contribute to asthma exacerbations but proresolving mediators may help with resolution of asthma loss of control. These specialized proresolving lipid mediators may serve as future potential therapeutics for asthma exacerbation resolution and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Townsend
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Arturo Guadarrama
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Elon Roti Roti
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Szczuko M, Golańska J, Palma J, Ziętek M. Impact of Selected Eicosanoids in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5995. [PMID: 37762934 PMCID: PMC10532391 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a physiological state in which the female body undergoes a series of changes and adaptations to provide the best possible conditions for the growth and development of the forming baby. The internal adaptations that take place lead to the production of inflammation, which is necessary for the initial and final stages of pregnancy (embryo implantation and induction of labor). Gestational diabetes mellitus is considered to be the most common pathology during this period. However, many more serious health complications can arise, which include pre-eclampsia, fetal stunting, and preterm labor. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of the levels of individual eicosanoids on the course of normal pregnancy and the possibility of pathologies including gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. METHODS Sixty-nine pregnant women who were overweight or obese before and during pregnancy were studied. Eicosanoids were extracted as appropriate and then determined using liquid chromatography. The levels of eicosanoids studied in pregnant women differed not only according to the week of pregnancy but also in relation to individual anthropometric and biochemical parameters. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between being overweight and having a high BMI before pregnancy-as well as biochemical parameters of lipid and carbohydrate profiles-and the occurrence of pathological conditions in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Eicosanoids are involved in the pathology of pregnancy associated with the occurrence of gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. Salicylic acid may find use in the treatment of pregnant women exposed to both phenomena, as well as in overweight and obese women found before pregnancy. Diets rich in natural salicylates, methods of administration, and pharmacotherapy and dosage need further study. Some of the mediators (lipoxin, prostaglandin and leucotrien) may be new diagnostic markers in pregnancy pathology and intervention pathways in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szczuko
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, W. Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Justyna Golańska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, W. Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Palma
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Maciej Ziętek
- Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Siedlecka 2, 72-010 Police, Poland;
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10
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Schmidt L, Burmeister LS, Greinacher A, König S, Garscha U. Development of SFC-MS Method for Quantification of Eicosanoids Biosynthesized in Primary Human Blood Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121198. [PMID: 36557236 PMCID: PMC9782761 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are lipid mediators generated from arachidonic acid with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite these lipid mediators being known for decades, quantitative determination in biological samples is still challenging due to low abundance, instability, the existence of regio- and stereoisomers, and a wide polarity range that hampers chromatographic separation. In this study, we developed a supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) platform for the quantification of relevant eicosanoids. Application of a chiral amylose-based column and modifier combination of 2-propanol/acetonitrile offered separation and sufficient resolution of 11 eicosanoids (5-, 12-, 15-HETE, PGB1, LTB4, t-LTB4, 20-OH-LTB4, PGE2, PGD2, PGF2α, TxB2) with baseline separation of isobaric analytes within 12 min. The method was validated in terms of range (78-2500 ng/mL), linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery according to EMA guidelines. Finally, we confirmed the method's applicability by quantifying eicosanoid levels in human primary blood cells. In conclusion, we present a validated SFC-MS method for the determination of relevant eicosanoids in biological samples with a wide range of polarity while maintaining baseline separation of isobars, which allows coupling to a single quadrupole mass detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Schmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laura Sophie Burmeister
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie König
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence:
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11
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Simultaneous profiling and quantification of 25 eicosanoids in human serum by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:8233-8244. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe eicosanoid metabolic pathway is responsible for mediating the production of various inflammatory factors that are closely related to the development and resolution of inflammation. In biological matrices, the major quantifying obstacles were shown to be the oxidation and low quantities of eicosanoids and their metabolites. This study aimed to develop a reliable, sensitive ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method to quantify eicosanoids in human serum. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used for sample preparation. The approach employed continuous ionization polarity switching. The target eicosanoids showed good linearity over the investigated concentration range (r2 > 0.99). The recovery rates were over 64.5%, and the matrix effects ranged from 73.0 to 128.0%. The limits of quantification were 0.048 ~ 0.44 ng/mL. For the broad concentration range, the CV % for accuracy and precision were less than ± 20%. We successfully applied this method to rapidly analyse 74 serum samples from severe influenza pneumonia, severe bacterial pneumonia and healthy individuals. Eicosanoid-related metabolite concentrations were quantified within a range similar to those of previously published articles. Compared to healthy individuals, our application found that 20-HETE, 14,15-EET and 11,12-EET were upregulated in severe influenza pneumonia patients, while LTB4 was downregulated. 8-HETE and 5-HETE were upregulated in severe bacterial pneumonia patients, while LTE4 was downregulated. This approach provides a means for monitoring the low quantities of eicosanoids in biological matrices, and our finding that different characteristic metabolite profiles may help discriminate the induction of severe pneumonia patients.
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12
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Fu X, Yin HH, Wu MJ, He X, Jiang Q, Zhang LT, Liu JY. High Sensitivity and Wide Linearity LC-MS/MS Method for Oxylipin Quantification in Multiple Biological Samples. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100302. [PMID: 36265716 PMCID: PMC9678976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are important biological regulators that have received extensive research attention. Due to the extremely low concentrations, large concentration variations, and high structural similarity of many oxylipins, the quantitative analysis of oxylipins in biological samples is always a great challenge. Here, we developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method with high sensitivity, wide linearity, and acceptable resolution for quantitative profiling of oxylipins in multiple biological samples. A total of 104 oxylipins, some with a high risk of detection crosstalk, were well separated on a 150 mm column over 20 min. The method showed high sensitivity with lower limits of quantitation for 87 oxylipins, reaching 0.05-0.5 pg. Unexpectedly, we found that the linear range for 16, 18, and 17 oxylipins reached 10,000, 20,000, and 40,000 folds, respectively. Due to the high sensitivity, while reducing sample consumption to below half the volume of previous methods, 74, 78, and 59 low-abundance oxylipins, among which some were difficult to detect like lipoxins and resolvins, were well quantified in the tested mouse plasma, mouse liver, and human plasma samples, respectively. Additionally, we determined that analytes with multifarious concentrations of over a 1,000-fold difference could be well quantified simultaneously due to the wide linearity. In conclusion, most likely due to the instrumental advancement, this method effectively improves the quantitative sensitivity and linear range over existing methods, which will facilitate and advance the study of the physiological and pathophysiological functions of oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Fu
- Center for Novel Target & Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hou-Hua Yin
- Center for Novel Target & Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-Jun Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin He
- Center for Novel Target & Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Center for Novel Target & Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling-Tong Zhang
- Center for Novel Target & Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Novel Target & Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,For correspondence: Jun-Yan Liu
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13
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Biochemistry of human tear film: A review. Exp Eye Res 2022; 220:109101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Development, validation, and application of an HPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of oxidized fatty acids in plants. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1186:123006. [PMID: 34775259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins constitute a huge class of compounds produced by oxidation of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids either chemically (by radicals such as reactive oxygen species, ROS) or enzymatically (by lipoxygenases, LOX; cyclooxygenases, COX; or cytochrome P450 pathways). This process generates fatty acids peroxides, which can then be further modified in a broad range to epoxy, hydroxy, keto, ether fatty acids, and also hydrolyzed to generate small aldehydes and alcohols. In general, oxylipins are present in almost all living organisms and have a wide range of signaling, metabolic, physiological, and ecological roles depending on the particular organism and on their structure. In plants, oxylipins have been extensively studied over the past 35 years. However, these studies have focused mainly on the jasmonates and so-called green leaves volatiles. The function of early LOX products (like keto and hydroxy fatty acids) is yet not well understood in plants, where they are mainly analyzed by indirect methods or by GC-MS what requires a laborious sample preparation. Here, we developed and validated a straightforward, precise, accurate, and sensitive method for quantifying oxylipins in plant tissues using HPLC-MS/MS, with a one-step extraction procedure using low amount of plant tissues. We successfully applied this method to quantify the oxylipins in different plant species and Arabidopsis thaliana plants treated with various biotic and abiotic stress conditions.
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15
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Nouwade K, Tfaili S, Chaminade P. Investigation of stationary phases performance for eicosanoids profiling in RP-HPLC. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6551-6569. [PMID: 34476519 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids - oxidative derivatives from arachidonic acid - represent biologically active lipid mediators in inflammatory processes. Different analytical methods treat eicosanoid analysis. Among which, reverse phase liquid chromatography figures as the appropriate method for eicosanoid profiling. RP-HPLC for eicosanoid analysis is often conducted on C18 columns. Some studies focused on profiling one family of eicosanoids; others considered all eicosanoid families. In both cases, co-elution remained a major issue and detection in mass spectrometry partially resolves this problem. In fact, the mass transitions used to monitor eicosanoid species are not specific enough and many isobars can be listed. For this, optimizing the RP-HPLC separation remains important. Based on the parameter Fs - deriving from the hydrophobic-subtraction model - and radar plots, we chose columns with different selectivities. The hydrophobic-subtraction model guided our interpretation of molecular interactions between eicosanoids and stationary phases. We founded our approach for selectivity optimization on peak capacity per minute and time needed values. Herein, we screened seven stationary phases and evaluated their chromatographic performances in RP-HPLC. Stationary phases presented different chemistry, type of silica, length, and particle size. Superficially porous particle columns registered better chromatographic profiles than classical stationary phases; and columns with embedded polar group did not serve our purpose. The stationary phase Accucore C30 - even being the least retentive - revealed the best selectivity and efficiency, and recorded the shorter duration for eicosanoid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodjo Nouwade
- Université Paris-Saclay, Lipides : systèmes analytiques et biologiques, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sana Tfaili
- Université Paris-Saclay, Lipides : systèmes analytiques et biologiques, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Pierre Chaminade
- Université Paris-Saclay, Lipides : systèmes analytiques et biologiques, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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16
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Sangaraju D, Shi Y, Van Parys M, Ray A, Walker A, Caminiti R, Milanowski D, Jaochico A, Dean B, Liang X. Robust and Comprehensive Targeted Metabolomics Method for Quantification of 50 Different Primary, Secondary, and Sulfated Bile Acids in Multiple Biological Species (Human, Monkey, Rabbit, Dog, and Rat) and Matrices (Plasma and Urine) Using Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2033-2049. [PMID: 33826317 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are biomolecules synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and are constituents of bile. The in-vivo BA pool includes more than 50 known diverse BAs which are unconjugated, amino acid conjugated, sulfated, and glucuronidated metabolites. Hemostasis of bile acids is known to be highly regulated and an interplay between liver metabolism, gut microbiome function, intestinal absorption, and enterohepatic recirculation. Interruption of BA homeostasis has been attributed to several metabolic diseases and drug induced liver injury (DILI), and their use as potential biomarkers is increasingly becoming important. Speciated quantitative and comprehensive profiling of BAs in various biomatrices from humans and preclinical animal species are important to understand their significance and biological function. Consequently, a versatile one single bioanalytical method for BAs is required to accommodate quantitation in a broad range of biomatrices from human and preclinical animal species. Here we report a versatile, comprehensive, and high throughput liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) targeted metabolomics method for quantitative analysis of 50 different BAs in multiple matrices including human serum, plasma, and urine and plasma and urine of preclinical animal species (rat, rabbit, dog, and monkey). The method has been sufficiently qualified for accuracy, precision, robustness, and ruggedness and addresses the issue of nonspecific binding of bile acids to plastic for urine samples. Application of this method includes comparison for BA analysis between matched plasma and serum samples, human and animal species differences in BA pools, data analysis, and visualization of complex BA data using BA indices or ratios to understand BA biology, metabolism, and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewakar Sangaraju
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yao Shi
- Bioanalytical Department, Covance Laboratories, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Michael Van Parys
- Bioanalytical Department, Covance Laboratories, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Adam Ray
- Bioanalytical Department, Covance Laboratories, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Abigail Walker
- Bioanalytical Department, Covance Laboratories, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Rachel Caminiti
- Bioanalytical Department, Covance Laboratories, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Dennis Milanowski
- Bioanalytical Department, Covance Laboratories, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Allan Jaochico
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian Dean
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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17
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Development and Validation of a UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Quantitative Determination and Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Cirsimarin in Rat Plasma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9953664. [PMID: 34212043 PMCID: PMC8205585 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9953664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cirsimarin is a bioactive antilipogenic flavonoid isolated from the cotyledons of Abrus precatorius and represents one of the most abundant flavonoids present in this plant species. Cirsimarin exhibits excellent antioxidant, lipolysis, and other biological properties; it can effectively trigger lipid movement and demonstrates antiobesity effects. In this work, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of cirsimarin in rat plasma after intravenous administration. A standard curve of cirsimarin in blank rat plasma was generated over the concentration range of 1–3000 ng/mL. Six rats were administered cirsimarin intravenously (1 mg/kg). The method only required 50 μL of plasma for sample preparation, and the plasma proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile to pretreat the plasma sample. The precisions of cirsimarin in rat plasma were less than 14%, while the accuracies varied between 92.5% and 107.3%. In addition, the matrix effect varied between 103.6% and 107.4%, while the recoveries were greater than 84.2%. This UPLC-MS/MS method was then applied in measuring the pharmacokinetics of cirsimarin in rats. The AUC(0-t) values of cirsimarin from the pharmacokinetic analysis were 1068.2 ± 359.2 ng/mL·h for intravenous administration. The half-life (t1/2) was 1.1 ± 0.4 h (intravenous), indicating that the metabolism of the compound was quick in the rats. Exploring the pharmacokinetics of cirsimarin in vivo can help better understand its metabolism.
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18
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Torres W, Chávez-Castillo M, Peréz-Vicuña JL, Carrasquero R, Díaz MP, Gomez Y, Ramírez P, Cano C, Rojas-Quintero J, Chacín M, Velasco M, de Sanctis JB, Bermudez V. Potential role of bioactive lipids in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:4434-4451. [PMID: 34036919 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210525164734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, which involves a pathological inflammatory response against articular cartilage in multiple joints throughout the body. It is a complex disorder associated with comorbidities such as depression, lymphoma, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which significantly deteriorate patients' quality of life and prognosis. This has ignited a large initiative to elucidate the physiopathology of RA, aiming to identify new therapeutic targets and approaches in its multidisciplinary management. Recently, various lipid bioactive products have been proposed to have an essential role in this process; including eicosanoids, specialized pro-resolving mediators, phospholipids/sphingolipids, and endocannabinoids. Dietary interventions using omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or treatment with synthetic endocannabinoids agonists have been shown to significantly ameliorate RA symptoms. Indeed, the modulation of lipid metabolism may be crucial in the pathophysiology and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wheeler Torres
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - José L Peréz-Vicuña
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - Rubén Carrasquero
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - María P Díaz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - Yosselin Gomez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - Paola Ramírez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. 0
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla. Colombia
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Escuela de Medicina José María Vargas, Caracas. Venezuela
| | - Juan Bautista de Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. Palacky University. Czech Republic
| | - Valmore Bermudez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla. Colombia
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19
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Chistyakov DV, Goriainov SV, Astakhova AA, Sergeeva MG. High Glucose Shifts the Oxylipin Profiles in the Astrocytes towards Pro-Inflammatory States. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050311. [PMID: 34068011 PMCID: PMC8152232 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is associated with several complications in the brain, which are also characterized by inflammatory conditions. Astrocytes are responsible for glucose metabolism in the brain and are also important participants of inflammatory responses. Oxylipins are lipid mediators, derived from the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and are generally considered to be a link between metabolic and inflammatory processes. High glucose exposure causes astrocyte dysregulation, but its effects on the metabolism of oxylipins are relatively unknown and therefore, constituted the focus of our work. We used normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mM) vs. high glucose (HG, 25 mM) feeding media in primary rat astrocytes-enriched cultures and measured the extracellular release of oxylipins (UPLC-MS/MS) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The sensitivity of HG and NG growing astrocytes in oxylipin synthesis for various serum concentrations was also tested. Our data reveal shifts towards pro-inflammatory states in HG non-stimulated cells: an increase in the amounts of free PUFAs, including arachidonic (AA), docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, and cyclooxygenase (COX) mediated metabolites. Astrocytes cultivated in HG showed a tolerance to the LPS, and an imbalance between inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) and oxylipins release. These results suggest a regulation of COX-mediated oxylipin synthesis in astrocytes as a potential new target in treating brain impairment associated with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (M.G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +74-95-939-4332
| | - Sergei V. Goriainov
- SREC PFUR Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alina A. Astakhova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Marina G. Sergeeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (M.G.S.)
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20
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Tomov DG, Bocheva G, Divarova V, Kasabova L, Svinarov D. Phase separation liquid-liquid extraction for the quantification of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2 Alpha in human plasma by LC-MS/MS. J Med Biochem 2021; 40:10-16. [PMID: 33584135 PMCID: PMC7857857 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-24746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the body during normal metabolism by means of enzymes and non-enzymatic chemical reduction of molecular oxygen. In case of the prevalence of ROS formation over their elimination, highly reactive free radicals can be accumulated and can cause multiple damages to the biomolecules and cells. Determination of isoprostanes in biological matrices is most often used to register free radical damage and requires selective, sensitive and specific techniques. METHODS This study presents the development and validation of the LC-MS/MS method for the determination of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α in human plasma utilising a modified liquid-liquid extraction procedure with phase separation. RESULTS Modified sample preparation procedure assured higher extraction yield, clear separation of organic layer from the plasma water phase and protein precipitates, and better-purified product for instrumental analysis. Linearity was validated in the range 0.1-5.0 µg/L with R2 > 0.996; normalised matrix varied between 86.0% and 108.3%, accuracy ranged from 90.4 % to 113.9% and precision both within runs and between runs was less than 7%. With a run time of 10 min, a throughput of over 50 samples per working day could be performed. CONCLUSIONS The method meets all the current industrial validation criteria and allows the accurate and precise determination of 8-iso-PGF2α in human plasma at diagnostically significant concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgeta Bocheva
- Medical University of Sofia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vidka Divarova
- Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Lilia Kasabova
- Medical University of Sofia, Faculty of Medicine, UMBAL Alexandrovska, Clinical Laboratory & Clinical Pharmacology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dobrin Svinarov
- Medical University of Sofia, Faculty of Medicine, UMBAL Alexandrovska, Clinical Laboratory & Clinical Pharmacology, Sofia, Bulgaria
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21
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Andries A, Rozenski J, Vermeersch P, Mekahli D, Van Schepdael A. Recent progress in the LC-MS/MS analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:402-428. [PMID: 33280143 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a dynamic and balanced equilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species and the in-house antioxidant defense mechanisms is characteristic for a healthy body. During oxidative stress (OS), this balance is switched to increased production of ROS and RNS, exceeding the capacity of physiological antioxidant systems. This can cause damage to biological molecules, leading to loss of function and even cell death. Nowadays, there is increasing scientific and clinical interest in OS and the associated parameters to measure the degree of OS in biofluids. An increasing number of reports using LC-MS/MS methods for the analysis of OS biomarkers can be found. Since bioanalysis is usually complicated by matrix effects, various types of cleanup procedures are used to effectively separate the biomarkers from the matrix. This is an essential part of the analysis to prepare a reproducible and homogenous solution suitable for injection onto the column. The present review gives a summary of the chromatographic methods used for the determination of OS biomarkers in both urine and plasma, serum, and whole blood samples. The first part mainly describes the biological background of the different OS biomarkers, while the second part reports examples of chromatographic methods for the analysis of different metabolites connected with OS in biofluids, covering a period from 2015 till early 2020. The selected examples mainly include LC-MS/MS methods for isoprostanes, oxidized proteins, oxidized lipoproteins, and DNA/RNA biomarkers. The last part explains the clinical relevance of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmin Andries
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Rozenski
- KU Leuven - Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeersch
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Pediatrics, PKD group, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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van Neel TL, Berry SB, Berthier E, Theberge AB. Localized Cell-Surface Sampling of a Secreted Factor Using Cell-Targeting Beads. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13634-13640. [PMID: 32941013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communication through the secretion of soluble factors plays a vital role in a wide range of biological processes (e.g., homeostasis, immune response), yet identification and quantification of many of these factors can be challenging due to their degradation or sequestration in cell culture media prior to analysis. Here, we present a customizable bead-based system capable of simultaneously binding to live cells (through antibody-mediated cell tethering) and capturing cell-secreted molecules. Our functionalized beads capture secreted molecules (e.g., hepatocyte growth factor secreted by fibroblasts) that are diminished when sampled via traditional supernatant analysis techniques (p < 0.05), effectively rescuing a reduced signal in the presence of neutralizing components in the cell culture media. Our system enables capture and analysis of molecules integral to chemical communication that would otherwise be markedly decreased prior to analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammi L van Neel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Samuel B Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Erwin Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ashleigh B Theberge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
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23
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Smith PG, Roque D, Ching MM, Fulton A, Rao G, Reader JC. The Role of Eicosanoids in Gynecological Malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1233. [PMID: 32982722 PMCID: PMC7479818 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids, bio-active lipid molecules, evoke a multitude of biological effects that directly affect cancer cells and indirectly affect tumor microenvironment. An emerging role has been shown for eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of gynecological malignancies which include cancers of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine, and ovary. Eicosanoid biosynthesis pathways start at the metabolism of phospholipids by phospholipase A2 then proceeding to one of three pathways: the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), or P450 epoxygenase pathways. The most studied eicosanoid pathways include COX and LOX; however, more evidence is appearing to support further study of the P450 epoxygenase pathway in gynecologic cancers. In this review, we present the current knowledge of the role of COX, LOX and P450 pathways in the pathogenesis of gynecologic malignancies. Vulvar and vaginal cancer, the rarest subtypes, there is association of COX-2 expression with poor disease specific survival in vulvar cancer and, in vaginal cancer, COX-2 expression has been found to play a role in mucosal inflammation leading to disease susceptibility and transmission. Cervical cancer is associated with COX-2 levels 7.4 times higher than in healthy tissues. Additionally, HPV elevates COX-2 levels through the EGFR pathway and HIV promotes elevated COX-2 levels in cervical tissue as well as increases PGE2 levels eliciting inflammation and progression of cancer. Evidence supports significant roles for both the LOX and COX pathways in uterine cancer. In endometrial cancer, there is increased expression of 5-LOX which is associated with adverse outcomes. Prostanoids in the COX pathway PGE2 and PGF2α have been shown to play a significant role in uterine cancer including alteration of proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and the inflammatory microenvironment. The most studied gynecological malignancy in regard to the potential role of eicosanoids in tumorigenesis is ovarian cancer in which all three pathways have shown to be associated or play a role in ovarian tumorigenesis directly on the tumor cell or through modulation of the tumor microenvironment. By identifying the gaps in knowledge, additional pathways and targets could be identified in order to obtain a better understanding of eicosanoid signaling in gynecological malignancies and identify potential new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige G. Smith
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dana Roque
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mc Millan Ching
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amy Fulton
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gautam Rao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jocelyn C. Reader
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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24
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González-Riano C, Dudzik D, Garcia A, Gil-de-la-Fuente A, Gradillas A, Godzien J, López-Gonzálvez Á, Rey-Stolle F, Rojo D, Ruperez FJ, Saiz J, Barbas C. Recent Developments along the Analytical Process for Metabolomics Workflows. Anal Chem 2019; 92:203-226. [PMID: 31625723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina González-Riano
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Danuta Dudzik
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain.,Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Medical University of Gdańsk , 80-210 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Antonia Garcia
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Alberto Gil-de-la-Fuente
- Department of Information Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superior , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , 28003 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Gradillas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Joanna Godzien
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain.,Clinical Research Centre , Medical University of Bialystok , 15-089 Bialystok , Poland
| | - Ángeles López-Gonzálvez
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - David Rojo
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Francisco J Ruperez
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jorge Saiz
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
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25
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Canzi EF, Lopes BR, Robeldo T, Borra R, Da Silva MFGF, Oliveira RV, Maia BHNS, Cass QB. Prostaglandins E 2 and F 2α levels in human menstrual fluid by online Solid Phase Extraction coupled to Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1109:60-66. [PMID: 30731263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports an online SPE-LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF2α) in menstrual fluid samples. To meet this goal human peripheral serum was used as surrogate matrix. The analytes were trapped on an OASIS HLB cartridge for 3 min, for sample cleanup and enrichment, and then transferred during only 42 s to an HSS T3 C18 analytical column, for separation and analysis. Prostaglandins (PGs) were detected by selected reaction monitoring in negative ion mode, PGE2 (m/z 351 → 315) and PGF2α (m/z 353 → 193) using isotope-labeled internal standard (PGE2-d4, m/z 355 → 319). The concentration linear range was of 10.34-1.034 ng mL-1 and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 10.34 ng mL-1 for both PGs. Validation parameters were successfully assessed according to the European Medicines Agency guideline (EMA), also comprising the FDA normative. The method showed no matrix effect and process efficiency around 100%, in addition to only 15 min of analysis time with lower solvent consumption. The method application was carried out using two menstrual fluid sample groups: control (n = 15) and treatment group (n = 7; samples from women that used Tahiti lemon juice). The PGF2α levels were found to be higher in treated group than in control group (p ≤ 0.05), denoting an effect of the intake of Tahiti lemon juice on the menstrual inflammatory process. The on-line method herein reported could be useful for the analysis of PGs from large research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edione F Canzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Bianca Rebelo Lopes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Thaiane Robeldo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Borra
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Maria Fatima G F Da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Regina V Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Helena N S Maia
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Quezia B Cass
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
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