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Li H, Foley AR, Shim J, Siradze K, Webb-Vargas Y, Sperinde G, Fischer SK. A generic anti-drug antibody assay for monoclonal antibody therapeutics with broad dynamic range eliminates the need for titer evaluation in preclinical studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 249:116364. [PMID: 39047461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In preclinical protein therapeutic development studies, the emergence of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) can potentially impact drug pharmacokinetics and safety. While immunogenicity assessment is not mandatory in preclinical studies, banking samples can be valuable for interpreting unexpected pharmacological responses. Immunoassays that use generic reagents across different drug molecules can simplify ADA assessment and expedite sample evaluations. This work showcases the ability of the Gyrolab automated immunoassay platform to detect and quantify both drug-free and drug-bound (total) ADAs to monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics in cynomolgus monkey preclinical studies. Compared to the previously reported total ADA ELISA, the Gyrolab assay exhibited a wider signal dynamic range and increased drug tolerance. Similar sensitivity, dynamic range and cut point factors were observed for four therapeutic mAbs of different isotypes using the Gyrolab assay. Here we present a comparison of ADA assays using bridging ELISA, total ADA ELISA and total ADA Gyrolab formats in a cynomolgus monkey study where the subjects were treated with a single dose of a mAb therapeutic. We demonstrate that the total ADA assays detected host ADA responses at earlier time points compared to the bridging ELISA. The Gyrolab assay has the best correlation between signal-to-noise (S/N) and titer over a wide ADA concentration range, highlighting the utility of Gyrolab in S/N reporting of ADA response to eliminate the need for secondary titer assays. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the generic ADA Gyrolab assay minimizes the necessity for extensive assay development and optimization for therapeutic mAbs, streamlining preclinical immunogenicity assessment to enable interpretation of pharmacological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Alejandro R Foley
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jeongsup Shim
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ketevan Siradze
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yenny Webb-Vargas
- Nonclinical Biostatistics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gizette Sperinde
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Saloumeh K Fischer
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Huang X, Xu X, Partridge MA, Chen J, Koehler-Stec E, Sumner G, Qiu H, Torri A, Li N. Isotyping and Semi-Quantitation of Monkey Anti-Drug Antibodies by Immunocapture Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. AAPS J 2021; 23:16. [PMID: 33404777 PMCID: PMC7788027 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent demand to develop new technologies to characterize immunogenicity to biotherapeutics. Here, we developed an immunocapture LC-MS assay to isotype and semi-quantify monkey anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) to fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs. ADAs were isolated from serum samples using an immunocapture step with the Fab of the full-length mAb cross-linked to magnetic beads to minimize matrix interference. A positive monoclonal antibody control against the human immunoglobulin kappa light chain was used as a calibration standard for ADA quantitation. The final LC-MS method contains 17 multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions and an optimized 15-min LC method. The results suggested that IgG1 was the most abundant isotype in ADA-positive samples. IgG2 and IgG4 were identified at lower levels, whereas IgG3 and IgA levels were only observed at very minor levels. In addition, levels of total ADA measured by the LC-MS assay were comparable to results obtained using a traditional ligand binding assay (LBA). The LC-MS ADA assay enabled rapid immunogenicity assessment with additional isotype information that LBAs cannot provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Huang
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, 10591, USA
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, 10591, USA.
| | - Michael A Partridge
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, 10591, USA
| | - Jihua Chen
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, 10591, USA
| | - Ellen Koehler-Stec
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, 10591, USA
| | - Giane Sumner
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, 10591, USA
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, 10591, USA.
| | - Albert Torri
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, 10591, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, 10591, USA
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Bridging immunogenicity assays for IgG4 therapeutics: mitigating interference from Fc-Fc interactions. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:707-717. [PMID: 28488898 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM A bridging immunogenicity assay for a human IgG4 mAb therapeutic was transferred to an automation system to increase throughput. However, background signal increased five- to six-fold during the 6- to 8-h run. RESULTS Noncovalent Fc contacts formed between labeled IgG4 drugs in reagent solutions stored during the automation run. This generated substantial background signal, reducing assay sensitivity by approximately sixfold. Fc interactions also significantly impacted the confirmation assay. Fc contacts formed between labeled and unlabeled drug, significantly increasing signal inhibition (∼7-70%) in the 6-h run. CONCLUSION Storing labeled antibody solutions separately and combining them immediately before adding to samples reduced interference from Fc interactions. Preincubation time for reagent solutions should be strictly controlled for anti-drug antibody assays with IgG4 drugs to avoid false-positive results.
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