1
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Schoellerman J, Lord B, Bhattacharya A, Stenne B, Wall JL, Rech J, Letavic M, Bonaventure P, Balana B. Characterization of tritiated JNJ-GluN2B-5 (3-[ 3H] 1-(azetidin-1-yl)-2-(6-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-1-yl)ethanone), a high affinity GluN2B radioligand with selectivity over sigma receptors. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38770633 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Here, we describe the characterization of a radioligand selective for GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors, 3-[3H] 1-(azetidin-1-yl)-2-(6-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-1-yl)ethanone ([3H]-JNJ- GluN2B-5). In rat cortical membranes, the compound bound to a single site, and the following kinetic parameters were measured; association rate constant Kon = 0.0066 ± 0.0006 min-1 nM-1, dissociation rate constant Koff = 0.0210 ± 0.0001 min-1 indicating calculated KD = Koff/Kon = 3.3 ± 0.4 nM, (mean ± SEM, n = 3). The equilibrium dissociation constant determined from saturation binding experiments in rat cortex was KD of 2.6 ± 0.3 nM (mean ± SEM, n = 3). In contrast to the widely used GluN2B radioligand [3H]-Ro 25-6981, whose affinity Ki for sigma 1 and sigma 2 receptors are 2 and 189 nM, respectively, [3H]-JNJ-GluN2B-5 exhibits no measurable affinity for sigma 1 and sigma 2 receptors (Ki > 10 μM for both) providing distinct selectivity advantages. Anatomical distribution of [3H]-JNJ-GluN2B-5 binding sites in rat, mouse, dog, monkey, and human brain tissue was studied using in vitro autoradiography, which showed high specific binding in the hippocampus and cortex and negligible binding in the cerebellum. Enhanced selectivity for GluN2B-containing receptors translated to a good signal-to-noise ratio in both in vitro radioligand binding and in vitro autoradiography assays. In conclusion, [3H]-JNJ-GluN2B-5 is a high-affinity GluN2B radioligand with excellent signal-to-noise ratio and unprecedented selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Schoellerman
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian Lord
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anindya Bhattacharya
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brice Stenne
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jessica L Wall
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jason Rech
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael Letavic
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pascal Bonaventure
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bartosz Balana
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, California, USA
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2
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Wang Z, Zhou C, Zhang Y, Tian X, Wang H, Wu J, Jiang S. From synergy to resistance: Navigating the complex relationship between sorafenib and ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116074. [PMID: 38147732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major global health burden, and sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, has shown effectiveness in the treatment of HCC and is considered as the first-line therapy for advanced HCC. However, the response to sorafenib varies among patients, and the development of drug resistance poses a prevalent obstacle. Ferroptosis, a newly characterized form of cell death featured by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a critical player in the reaction to sorafenib therapy in HCC. The induction of ferroptosis has been shown to augment the anticancer benefits of sorafenib. However, it has also been observed to contribute to sorafenib resistance. This review presents a comprehensive and thorough analysis that elucidates the intricate relationship between ferroptosis and sorafenib over recent years, aiming to formulate effective therapeutic approaches for liver cancer. Based on this exploration, we propose innovative strategies intended to overcome sorafenib resistance via targeted modulation of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyang Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xinchen Tian
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China; College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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3
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Liao H, Shi J, Wen K, Lin J, Liu Q, Shi B, Yan Y, Xiao Z. Molecular Targets of Ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:985-996. [PMID: 34466409 PMCID: PMC8403010 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s325593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a special form of regulatory cell death caused by the accumulation of intracellular iron and lipid peroxidation. Here, we summarize the research progress on ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), trace the development of the concept of ferroptosis and its key regulatory factors, and discuss the application value of ferroptosis in the treatment of HCC from different perspectives. We believe that exploring the relationship between ferroptosis and HCC and clarifying the metabolism and expression of ferroptosis-specific genes and molecules will accelerate the development of novel ferroptosis-related molecules as HCC markers and therapeutic targets. We hope to provide a theoretical basis for better diagnosis and treatment to effectively improve the prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanyi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingchao Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongcong Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
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4
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Piechal A, Jakimiuk A, Mirowska-Guzel D. Sigma receptors and neurological disorders. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1582-1594. [PMID: 34350561 PMCID: PMC8641430 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sigma receptors were identified relatively recently, and their presence has been confirmed in the central nervous system and peripheral organs. Changes in sigma receptor function or expression may be involved in neurological diseases, and thus sigma receptors represent a potential target for treating central nervous system disorders. Many substances that are ligands for sigma receptors are widely used in therapies for neurological disorders. In the present review, we discuss the roles of sigma receptors, especially in the central nervous system disorders, and related therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Piechal
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Jakimiuk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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5
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Cordone P, Namballa HK, Harding WW. First synthesis of thiazepino[3,4‐a]isoquinolines, a facile new synthetic route to diazepino[3,4‐a]isoquinolines and assessment of their dopamine and σ receptor affinities. J Heterocycl Chem 2020; 57:3709-3713. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Cordone
- Department of Chemistry Hunter College, City University of New York New York New York USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry CUNY Graduate Center New York New York USA
| | - Hari Krishna Namballa
- Department of Chemistry Hunter College, City University of New York New York New York USA
| | - Wayne Wesley Harding
- Department of Chemistry Hunter College, City University of New York New York New York USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry CUNY Graduate Center New York New York USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry CUNY Graduate Center New York New York USA
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6
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Yano H, Liu L, Naing S, Shi L. The Effects of Terminal Tagging on Homomeric Interactions of the Sigma 1 Receptor. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1356. [PMID: 31920515 PMCID: PMC6930887 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma 1 receptor (σ1R) has been implicated in cancers, neurological disorders, and substance use disorders. Yet, its molecular and cellular functions have not been well-understood. Recent crystal structures of σ1R reveal a single N-terminal transmembrane segment and C-terminal ligand-binding domain, and a trimeric organization. Nevertheless, outstanding issues surrounding the functional or pharmacological relevance of σ1R oligomerization remain, such as the minimal protomeric unit and the differentially altered oligomerization states by different classes of ligands. Western blot (WB) assays have been widely used to investigate protein oligomerizations. However, the unique topology of σ1R renders several intertwined challenges in WB. Here we describe a WB protocol without temperature denaturization to study the ligand binding effects on the oligomerization state of σ1R. Using this approach, we observed unexpected ladder-like incremental migration pattern of σ1R, demonstrating preserved homomeric interactions in the detergent environment. We compared the migration patterns of intact σ1R construct and the C-terminally tagged σ1R constructs, and found similar trends in response to drug treatments. In contrast, N-terminally tagged σ1R constructs show opposite trends to that of the intact construct, suggesting distorted elicitation of the ligand binding effects on oligomerization. Together, our findings indicate that the N-terminus plays an important role in eliciting the impacts of bound ligands, whereas the C-terminus is amenable for modifications for biochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yano
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leanne Liu
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sett Naing
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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7
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Oyer HM, Sanders CM, Kim FJ. Small-Molecule Modulators of Sigma1 and Sigma2/TMEM97 in the Context of Cancer: Foundational Concepts and Emerging Themes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1141. [PMID: 31695608 PMCID: PMC6816035 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two known subtypes of the so-called sigma receptors, Sigma1 and Sigma2. Sigma1 (encoded by the SIGMAR1 gene and also known as Sigma-1 receptor, S1R) is a unique pharmacologically regulated integral membrane chaperone or scaffolding protein that allosterically modulates the activity of its associated proteins. Sigma2, recently identified as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97), is an integral membrane protein implicated in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. A number of publications over the past two decades have suggested a role for both sigma proteins in tumor biology. Although there is currently no clinically used anti-cancer drug that targets Sigma1 or Sigma2/TMEM97, a growing body of evidence supports the potential of small-molecule compounds with affinity for these proteins, putative sigma ligands, as therapeutic agents to treat cancer. In preclinical models, these compounds have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, and migration; furthermore, they have been demonstrated to suppress tumor growth, to alleviate cancer-associated pain, and to exert immunomodulatory properties. Here, we will address the known knowns and the known unknowns of Sigma1 and Sigma2/TMEM97 ligand actions in the context of cancer. This review will highlight key discoveries and published evidence in support of a role for sigma proteins in cancer and will discuss several fundamental questions regarding the physiological roles of sigma proteins in cancer and sigma ligand mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley M Oyer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christina M Sanders
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Felix J Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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8
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Lipiński PFJ, Szűcs E, Jarończyk M, Kosson P, Benyhe S, Misicka A, Dobrowolski JC, Sadlej J. Affinity of fentanyl and its derivatives for the σ 1-receptor. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1187-1191. [PMID: 31391893 PMCID: PMC6657672 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00222g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fentanyl and its 11 commercially available derivatives were investigated as to their affinity for the σ1 receptor. The parent compound is a rather poor binder (IC50 = 4973 nM), but its close derivatives (benzylfentanyl or p-fluorofentanyl) have submicromolar affinities. Modelling provides a structural basis for the observed trends in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr F J Lipiński
- Department of Neuropeptides , Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland .
| | - Edina Szűcs
- Institute of Biochemistry , Biological Research Centre , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
- Doctoral School of Theoretical Medicine , University of Szeged , Faculty of Medicine , Szeged , Hungary
| | | | - Piotr Kosson
- Toxicology Research Laboratory , Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute of Biochemistry , Biological Research Centre , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Aleksandra Misicka
- Department of Neuropeptides , Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland .
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Warsaw , 02-093 Warsaw , Poland
| | | | - Joanna Sadlej
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw , 1/3 Wóycickiego-Str. , 01-938 Warsaw , Poland
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9
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Liu CC, Yu CF, Wang SC, Li HY, Lin CM, Wang HH, Abate C, Chiang CS. Sigma-2 receptor/TMEM97 agonist PB221 as an alternative drug for brain tumor. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:473. [PMID: 31109310 PMCID: PMC6528305 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are limited effective drugs that can reach the brain to target brain tumors, in particular glioblastoma, which is one of the most difficult cancers to be cured from. Because the overexpression of the sigma-2 receptor is frequently reported in glioma clinical samples and associated with poor prognosis and malignancy, we herein studied the anti-tumor effect of the sigma-2 receptor agonist PB221 (4-cyclohexyl-1-[3-(5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)propyl]piperidine) on an anaplastic astrocytoma tumor model based on previous encouraging results in pancreatic cancer and neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Methods The expression of the sigma-2 receptor, transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97), in ALTS1C1 and UN-KC6141 cell lines was measured by RT-PCR and quantitative RT-PCR. The binding of sigma-2 receptor fluorescent ligands PB385 (6-[5-[3-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-5-yloxy]-N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)hexanamine) and NO1 (2-{6-[2-(3-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)propyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one-5-yloxy]hexyl}-5-(dimethylamino)isoindoline-1,3-dione) was examined by flow cytometry and the fluorescent plate reader. The antitumor activity of PB221 was initially examined in the murine brain tumor cell line ALTS1C1 and then in the murine pancreatic cell line UN-KC6141. The potential therapeutic efficacy of PB221 for murine brain tumors was examined by in vitro migration and invasion assays and in vivo ectopic and orthotopic ALTS1C1 tumor models. Results: The IC50 of PB221 for ALTS1C1 and UN-KC6141 cell lines was 10.61 ± 0.96 and 13.13 ± 1.15 μM, respectively. A low dose of PB221 (1 μM) significantly repressed the migration and invasion of ALTS1C1 cells, and a high dose of PB221 (20 μM) resulted in the apoptotic cell death of ALTS1C1 cells. These effects were reduced by the lipid antioxidant α-tocopherol, but not by the hydrophilic N-acetylcysteine, suggesting mitochondrial oxidative stress is involved. The in vivo study revealed that PB221 effectively retarded tumor growth to 36% of the control tumor volume in the ectopic intramuscular tumor model and increased the overall survival time by 20% (from 26 to 31 days) in the orthotopic intracerebral tumor model. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the sigma-2 receptor agonist PB221 has the potential to be an alternative chemotherapeutic drug for brain tumors with comparable side effects as the current standard-of-care drug, temozolomide. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5700-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, 33382, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Min Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsia-Han Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Chi-Shiun Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan. .,Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan. .,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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10
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Romeo G, Prezzavento O, Intagliata S, Pittalà V, Modica MN, Marrazzo A, Turnaturi R, Parenti C, Chiechio S, Arena E, Campisi A, Sposito G, Salerno L. Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo characterization of new benzoxazole and benzothiazole-based sigma receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 174:226-235. [PMID: 31042618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new set of 5-chlorobenzoxazole- and 5-chlorobenzothiazole-based derivatives containing the azepane ring as a basic moiety was designed, synthesized and evaluated through binding assays to measure their affinity and selectivity towards σ1 and σ2 receptors. Compounds 19, 22 and 24, with a four units spacer between the bicyclic scaffold and the azepane ring, showed nanomolar affinity towards both receptor subtype and the best Ki values (Ki σ1 = 1.27, 2.30, and 0.78 and Ki σ2 = 7.9, 3.8, and 7.61 nM, respectively). Evaluation of cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in MCF-7 human cancer cells was useful to assess σ2 receptor activity, while an in vivo mice model of inflammatory pain allowed to analyze σ1 receptor pharmacological properties. In vitro and in vivo results suggested that compound 19 is a σ1/σ2 agonist, compound 24 a σ1 antagonist/σ2 agonist, whereas compound 22 might act as σ1 antagonist/σ2 partial agonist. Due to their pharmacological profile, a potential therapeutic application in cancer of aforesaid novel σ1/σ2 receptor ligands, especially 22 and 24, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Orazio Prezzavento
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria N Modica
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Turnaturi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Santina Chiechio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Arena
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Campisi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sposito
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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11
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Abstract
Persistent, in particular neuropathic pain affects millions of people worldwide. However, the response rate of patients to existing analgesic drugs is less than 50%. There are several possibilities to increase this response rate, such as optimization of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of analgesics. Another promising approach is to use prognostic biomarkers in patients to determine the optimal pharmacological therapy for each individual. Here, we discuss recent efforts to identify plasma and CSF biomarkers, as well as genetic biomarkers and sensory testing, and how these readouts could be exploited for the prediction of a suitable pharmacological treatment. Collectively, the information on single biomarkers may be stored in knowledge bases and processed by machine-learning and related artificial intelligence techniques, resulting in the optimal pharmacological treatment for individual pain patients. We highlight the potential for biomarker-based individualized pain therapies and discuss biomarker reliability and their utility in clinical practice, as well as limitations of this approach.
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12
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Linkens K, Schmidt HR, Sahn JJ, Kruse AC, Martin SF. Investigating isoindoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline, and tetrahydrobenzazepine scaffolds for their sigma receptor binding properties. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:557-567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Kurciński M, Jarończyk M, Lipiński PFJ, Dobrowolski JC, Sadlej J. Structural Insights into σ₁ Receptor Interactions with Opioid Ligands by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Molecules 2018; 23:E456. [PMID: 29463040 PMCID: PMC6017133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advances over the past years in understanding the mechanisms of action and the role of the σ₁ receptor, several questions regarding this receptor remain unanswered. This receptor has been identified as a useful target for the treatment of a diverse range of diseases, from various central nervous system disorders to cancer. The recently solved issue of the crystal structure of the σ₁ receptor has made elucidating the structure-activity relationship feasible. The interaction of seven representative opioid ligands with the crystal structure of the σ₁ receptor (PDB ID: 5HK1) was simulated for the first time using molecular dynamics (MD). Analysis of the MD trajectories has provided the receptor-ligand interaction fingerprints, combining information on the crucial receptor residues and frequency of the residue-ligand contacts. The contact frequencies and the contact maps suggest that for all studied ligands, the hydrophilic (hydrogen bonding) interactions with Glu172 are an important factor for the ligands' affinities toward the σ₁ receptor. However, the hydrophobic interactions with Tyr120, Val162, Leu105, and Ile124 also significantly contribute to the ligand-receptor interplay and, in particular, differentiate the action of the agonistic morphine from the antagonistic haloperidol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kurciński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteur Str.1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr F J Lipiński
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jan Cz Dobrowolski
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska Str., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Sadlej
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska Str., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University,1/3 Wóycickiego Str.,01-938 Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Papanastasiou I. Insights in Organometallic Synthesis of Various Adamantane Derivatives with Sigma Receptor-Binding Affinity and Antiproliferative/Anticancer Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1824:279-286. [PMID: 30039413 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8630-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic reactions, such as those involving Grignard and organocadmium reagents, are very useful but require prudent laboratory skills. In many papers related to the medicinal chemistry of adamantane derivatives with sigma receptor (σR)-binding affinity and antiproliferative/anticancer activity, organometallics play a crucial role in the synthetic pathways. In this work, the experimental procedures utilizing Grignard and organocadmium reagents are presented in detail, because these techniques are not analyzed and are important in the rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papanastasiou
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens, 15784, Greece.
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15
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Arena E, Dichiara M, Floresta G, Parenti C, Marrazzo A, Pittalà V, Amata E, Prezzavento O. Novel Sigma-1 receptor antagonists: from opioids to small molecules: what is new? Future Med Chem 2018; 10:231-256. [PMID: 29185346 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 (σ1) receptor has been identified as a chaperone protein that interacts with other proteins, such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and opioid receptors, modulating their activity. σ1 receptor antagonists have been developed to obtain useful compounds for the treatment of psychoses, pain, drug abuse and cancer. Some interesting compounds such as E-5842 (5) and MS-377 (24), haloperidol and piperazine derivatives, respectively, were endowed with high affinity for σ1 receptors (Ki σ1 = 4 and 73 nM; Ki σ2 = 220 and 6900, respectively). They were developed for the treatment of psychotic disorders and 5 also underwent Phase II clinical trials suggesting interesting potential therapeutic applications. Here, σ1 receptor antagonists have been grouped based on chemical structure and reviewed according to structure-activity relationship and potential therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Arena
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Catania, Viale A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Orazio Prezzavento
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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16
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Synthesis and evaluation of haloperidol metabolite II prodrugs as anticancer agents. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1749-1764. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of haloperidol metabolite II (HP-metabolite II) prodrugs is an emerging strategy in the treatment of cancer. HP-metabolite II exhibits antiproliferative properties at micromolar concentrations inducing apoptosis in different types of cancer. Thus, the application of the prodrug approach appears as a useful method leading to much more desirable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Some studies have shown that the esterification of the hydroxyl group of HP-metabolite II with 4-phenylbutiric acid (4-PBA) or valproic acid enhances the anticancer therapeutic potency. The current progresses in the design, synthesis and evaluation of anticancer activity of HP metabolite II prodrugs will be discussed in this review.
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17
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Bai T, Wang S, Zhao Y, Zhu R, Wang W, Sun Y. Haloperidol, a sigma receptor 1 antagonist, promotes ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:919-925. [PMID: 28756230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death, which is characterized by accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sigma 1 receptor (S1R) has been suggested to function in oxidative stress metabolism. Both erastin and sorafenib significantly induced S1R protein expression. Haloperidol strongly promoted erastin- and sorafenib-induced cell death, which was blocked by ferrostatin-1 but not ZVAD-FMK or necrosulfonamide. During ferroptosis, haloperidol substantially increased the cellular levels of Fe2+, GSH and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, several ferroptosis-related protein targets were up-regulated in the absence of haloperidol. Thus, Our study identified an association between haloperidol and ferroptosis for the first time. Our analyses of a combination of drugs may provide a novel strategy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Medicine, Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Medicine, Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yipu Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Medicine, Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Rongtao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Medicine, Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Medicine, Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yuling Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Medicine, Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
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18
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Georgiadis MO, Karoutzou O, Foscolos AS, Papanastasiou I. Sigma Receptor (σR) Ligands with Antiproliferative and Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:E1408. [PMID: 28841173 PMCID: PMC6151391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptor (σR) ligands have proven to be useful as cancer diagnostics and anticancer therapeutics and their ligands have been developed as molecular probes in oncology. Moreover, various σR ligands generate cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo. These σR ligands have exhibited promising results against numerous human and rodent cancers and are investigated under preclinical and clinical study trials, indicating a new category of drugs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos-Orestis Georgiadis
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
| | - Olga Karoutzou
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
| | - Angeliki-Sofia Foscolos
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Papanastasiou
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
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19
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Floresta G, Rescifina A, Marrazzo A, Dichiara M, Pistarà V, Pittalà V, Prezzavento O, Amata E. Hyphenated 3D-QSAR statistical model-scaffold hopping analysis for the identification of potentially potent and selective sigma-2 receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:884-891. [PMID: 28866257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model for predicting the σ2 receptor affinity has been constructed with the aim of providing a useful tool for the identification, design, and optimization of novel σ2 receptor ligands. The model has been built using a set of 500 selective σ2 receptor ligands recovered from the sigma-2 receptor selective ligand database (S2RSLDB) and developed with the software Forge. The present model showed high statistical quality as confirmed by its robust predictive potential and satisfactory descriptive capability. The drawn up 3D map allows for a prompt visual comprehension of the electrostatic, hydrophobic, and shaping features underlying σ2 receptor ligands interaction. A theoretic approach for the generation of new lead compounds with optimized σ2 receptor affinity has been performed by means of scaffold hopping analysis. Obtained results further confirmed the validity of our model being some of the identified moieties have already been successfully employed in the development of potent σ2 receptor ligands. For the first time is herein reported a 3D-QSAR model which includes a number of chemically diverse σ2 receptor ligands and well accounts for the individual ligands affinities. These features will ensure prospectively advantageous applications to speed up the identification of new potent and selective σ2 receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Venerando Pistarà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Orazio Prezzavento
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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20
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Kim FJ, Pasternak GW. Cloning the sigma 2 receptor: Wandering 40 years to find an identity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:6888-6890. [PMID: 28645899 PMCID: PMC5502656 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708155114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102;
| | - Gavril W Pasternak
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
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21
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Sahn JJ, Hodges TR, Chan JZ, Martin SF. Norbenzomorphan Scaffold: Chemical Tool for Modulating Sigma Receptor-Subtype Selectivity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:455-460. [PMID: 28435536 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Some norbenzomorphans exhibit high affinity for sigma 1 and sigma 2 receptors, and varying the position of substituents on the aromatic ring of this scaffold has a significant effect on subtype selectivity. In particular, compounds bearing several different substituents at C7 of the norbenzomorphan ring system exhibit a general preference for the sigma 1 receptor, whereas the corresponding C8-substituted analogues preferentially bind at the sigma 2 receptor. These findings suggest that the norbenzomorphan scaffold may be a unique chemical template that can be easily tuned to prepare small molecules for use as tool compounds to study the specific biological effects arising from preferential binding at either sigma receptor subtype. In the absence of structural characterization data for the sigma 2 receptor, such compounds will be useful toward refining the pharmacophore model of its binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Sahn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Timothy R. Hodges
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jessica Z. Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Stephen F. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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22
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Abstract
Sigma1 (also known as sigma-1 receptor, Sig1R, σ1 receptor) is a unique pharmacologically regulated integral membrane chaperone or scaffolding protein. The majority of publications on the subject have focused on the neuropharmacology of Sigma1. However, a number of publications have also suggested a role for Sigma1 in cancer. Although there is currently no clinically used anti-cancer drug that targets Sigma1, a growing body of evidence supports the potential of Sigma1 ligands as therapeutic agents to treat cancer. In preclinical models, compounds with affinity for Sigma1 have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival, cell adhesion and migration, tumor growth, to alleviate cancer-associated pain, and to have immunomodulatory properties. This review will highlight that although the literature supports a role for Sigma1 in cancer, several fundamental questions regarding drug mechanism of action and the physiological relevance of aberrant SIGMAR1 transcript and Sigma1 protein expression in certain cancers remain unanswered or only partially answered. However, emerging lines of evidence suggest that Sigma1 is a component of the cancer cell support machinery, that it facilitates protein interaction networks, that it allosterically modulates the activity of its associated proteins, and that Sigma1 is a selectively multifunctional drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christina M Maher
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Abstract
For over 40 years, scientists have endeavored to understand the so-called sigma receptors. During this time, the concept of sigma receptors has continuously and significantly evolved. With thousands of publications on the subject, these proteins have been implicated in various diseases, disorders, and physiological processes. Nevertheless, we are just beginning to understand what sigma proteins do and how they work. Two subtypes have been identified, Sigma1 and Sigma2. Whereas Sigma1 (also known as sigma-1 receptor, Sig1R, σ1 receptor, and several other names) was cloned over 20 years ago, Sigma2 (sigma-2 receptor, σ2 receptor) was cloned very recently and had remained a pharmacologically defined entity. In this volume, we will focus primarily on Sigma1. We will highlight several key subject areas in which Sigma1 has been well characterized as well as (re)emerging areas of interest. Despite the large number of publications regarding Sigma1, several fundamental questions remain unanswered or only partially answered. Most of what we know about Sigma1 comes from pharmacological studies; however, a clearly defined molecular mechanism of action remains elusive. One concept has become clear; Sigma1 is not a traditional receptor. Sigma1 is now considered a unique pharmacologically regulated integral membrane chaperone or scaffolding protein. A number of landmark discoveries over the past decade have begun to reshape the concept of sigma receptors. With the rapid emergence of new information, development of new tools, and changing conceptual frameworks, the field is poised for a period of accelerated progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Kringel D, Lötsch J. Next-generation sequencing of human opioid receptor genes based on a custom AmpliSeq™ library and ion torrent personal genome machine. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 463:32-38. [PMID: 27725223 PMCID: PMC5352731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opioid system is involved in the control of pain, reward, addictive behaviors and vegetative effects. Opioids exert their pharmacological actions through the agonistic binding at opioid receptors and variation in the coding genes has been found to modulate opioid receptor expression or signaling. However, a limited selection of functional opioid receptor variants is perceived as insufficient in providing a genetic diagnosis of clinical phenotypes and therefore, unrestricted access to opioid receptor genetics is required. METHODS Next-generation sequencing (NGS) workflow was based on a custom AmpliSeq™ panel and designed for sequencing of human genes related to the opioid receptor group (OPRM1, OPRD1, OPRK1, SIGMA1, OPRL1) on an Ion PGM™ Sequencer. A cohort of 79 previously studied chronic pain patients was screened to evaluate and validate the detection of exomic sequences of the coding genes with 25 base pair exon padding. In-silico analysis was performed using SNP and Variation Suite® software. RESULTS The amplicons covered approximately 90% of the target sequence. A median of 2.54×106 reads per run was obtained generating a total of 35,447 nucleotide reads from each DNA sample. This identified approximately 100 chromosome loci where nucleotides deviated from the reference sequence GRCh37 hg19, including functional variants such as the OPRM1 rs1799971 SNP (118 A>G) as the most scientifically regarded variant or rs563649 SNP coding for μ-opioid receptor splice variants. Correspondence between NGS and Sanger derived nucleotide sequences was 100%. CONCLUSION Results suggested that the NGS approach based on AmpliSeq™ libraries and Ion PGM sequencing is a highly efficient mutation detection method. It is suitable for large-scale sequencing of opioid receptor genes. The method includes the variants studied so far for functional associations and adds a large amount of genetic information as a basis for complete analysis of human opioid receptor genetics and its functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Kringel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe - University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörn Lötsch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe - University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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25
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Sun H, Shi M, Zhang W, Zheng YM, Xu YZ, Shi JJ, Liu T, Gunosewoyo H, Pang T, Gao ZB, Yang F, Tang J, Yu LF. Development of Novel Alkoxyisoxazoles as Sigma-1 Receptor Antagonists with Antinociceptive Efficacy. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6329-43. [PMID: 27309376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of sigma (σ) receptor ligands based on an alkoxyisoxazole scaffold has been designed and synthesized. Preliminary receptor binding assays identified highly potent (Ki < 1 nM) and selective σ1 ligands devoid of binding interactions with the monoamine transporters DAT, NET, and SERT. In particular, compound 53 was shown to possess significant antinociceptive activity in the mouse formalin-induced inflammation pain model when administered intraperitoneally at 40 and 80 mg/kg. Initial pharmacokinetics evaluation indicated an excellent brain exposure following oral dosing in mice, suggesting that further investigation into the use of alkoxyisoxazoles as σ1 ligands for antinociception is warranted. This study supports the notion that selective σ1 antagonism could be a useful strategy in the development of novel antipain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Min Shi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yue-Ming Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Hai Ke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ya-Zhou Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun-Jie Shi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University , Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Tao Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhao-Bing Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Hai Ke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Li-Fang Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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26
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Estrada M, Pérez C, Soriano E, Laurini E, Romano M, Pricl S, Morales-García JA, Pérez-Castillo A, Rodríguez-Franco MI. New neurogenic lipoic-based hybrids as innovative Alzheimer's drugs with σ-1 agonism and β-secretase inhibition. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1191-207. [PMID: 27402296 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenic agents emerge as innovative drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whose pathological complexity suggests strengthening research in the multi-target directed ligands strategy. RESULTS By combining the lipoic acid structure with N-benzylpiperidine or N,N-dibenzyl(N-methyl)amine fragments, new multi-target directed ligands were obtained that act at three relevant targets in AD: σ-1 receptor (σ1R), β-secretase-1 (BACE1) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Moreover, they show potent neurogenic properties, good antioxidant capacity and favorable CNS permeability. Molecular modeling studies on AChE, σ1R and BACE1 highlight relevant drug-protein interactions that may contribute to the development of new disease-modifying drugs. CONCLUSION New lipoic-based σ1 agonists endowed with neurogenic, antioxidant, cholinergic and amyloid β-peptide-reducing properties have been discovered for the potential treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Estrada
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Pérez
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Soriano
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, DEA, Piazzale Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 28, 34127 - Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, DEA, Piazzale Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Material Science & Technology (INSTM), Research Unit MOSE-DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - José A Morales-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIB-CSIC), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029-Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), C/Valderrebollo 5, 28031-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIB-CSIC), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029-Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), C/Valderrebollo 5, 28031-Madrid, Spain
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27
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Sahn JJ, Hodges TR, Chan JZ, Martin SF. Norbenzomorphan Framework as a Novel Scaffold for Generating Sigma 2 Receptor/PGRMC1 Subtype-Selective Ligands. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:556-61. [PMID: 26915462 PMCID: PMC4811364 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel structural class with high affinity and subtype selectivity for the sigma 2 receptor has been discovered. Preliminary structure-affinity relationship data are presented showing that 8-substituted 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-methanobenzazepine (norbenzomorphan) derivatives elicit modest to high selectivity for the sigma 2 over the sigma 1 receptor subtype. Indeed, piperazine analogue 8-(4-(3-ethoxy-3-oxopropyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-methanobenzazepine-2-carboxylate (SAS-1121) is 574-fold selective for the sigma 2 over the sigma 1 receptor, thereby establishing it as one of the more subtype-selective sigma 2 binding ligands reported to date. Emerging evidence has implicated the sigma 2 receptor in multiple health disorders, so the drug-like characteristics of many of the selective sigma 2 receptor ligands disclosed herein, coupled with their structural similarity to frameworks found in known drugs, suggest that norbenzomorphan analogues may be promising candidates for further development into drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Sahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Timothy R Hodges
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jessica Z Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Stephen F Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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28
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Happy M, Dejoie J, Zajac CK, Cortez B, Chakraborty K, Aderemi J, Sauane M. Sigma 1 Receptor antagonist potentiates the anti-cancer effect of p53 by regulating ER stress, ROS production, Bax levels, and caspase-3 activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 456:683-8. [PMID: 25511708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, many improvements have been made in the treatment of breast cancer; however, novel and less toxic therapies are still needed, especially for relapsing and chemo-resistant patients. Here, we analyzed the therapeutic potential of p53 and Rimcazole, a Sigma 1 Receptor antagonist. Rimcazole and p53 are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials, respectively. While p53 is a promising antitumor therapeutic agent, antagonists of Sigma 1 Receptor also inhibit tumor cell survival and induce apoptosis. Our current study demonstrates for the first time the synergistic effect of p53 in combination with the Sigma 1 Receptor antagonist Rimcazole. Furthermore, we show that shRNA knockdown of Sigma 1 Receptor in combination with p53, lead to a similar synergistic effect, and that this synergistic effect, in breast cancer growth suppression occurs independent of p53 status. Furthermore, this combination treatment induced ER stress, p38 MAPK activation, ROS production, and proteins involved in apoptosis (caspases-3, Bax) in breast cancer cells. Combining these therapeutic anti-cancer molecules provides an innovative approach for potentially treating human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Happy
- Department of Biological Sciences Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Jordan Dejoie
- Department of Biological Sciences Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Cynthia K Zajac
- Department of Biological Sciences Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Briseida Cortez
- Department of Biological Sciences Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Karabi Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Joseph Aderemi
- Department of Biological Sciences Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Moira Sauane
- Department of Biological Sciences Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States.
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29
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Gromek KA, Suchy FP, Meddaugh HR, Wrobel RL, LaPointe LM, Chu UB, Primm JG, Ruoho AE, Senes A, Fox BG. The oligomeric states of the purified sigma-1 receptor are stabilized by ligands. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:20333-44. [PMID: 24847081 PMCID: PMC4106346 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.537993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a mammalian member of the ERG2 and sigma-1 receptor-like protein family (pfam04622). It has been implicated in drug addiction and many human neurological disorders, including Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A broad range of synthetic small molecules, including cocaine, (+)-pentazocine, haloperidol, and small endogenous molecules such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine, sphingosine, and steroids, have been identified as regulators of S1R. However, the mechanism of activation of S1R remains obscure. Here, we provide evidence in vitro that S1R has ligand binding activity only in an oligomeric state. The oligomeric state is prone to decay into an apparent monomeric form when exposed to elevated temperature, with loss of ligand binding activity. This decay is suppressed in the presence of the known S1R ligands such as haloperidol, BD-1047, and sphingosine. S1R has a GXXXG motif in its second transmembrane region, and these motifs are often involved in oligomerization of membrane proteins. Disrupting mutations within the GXXXG motif shifted the fraction of the higher oligomeric states toward smaller states and resulted in a significant decrease in specific (+)-[(3)H]pentazocine binding. Results presented here support the proposal that S1R function may be regulated by its oligomeric state. Possible mechanisms of molecular regulation of interacting protein partners by S1R in the presence of small molecule ligands are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Uyen B Chu
- Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - Arnold E Ruoho
- Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - Brian G Fox
- From the Transmembrane Protein Center, Departments of Biochemistry and
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30
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Almansa C, Vela JM. Selective sigma-1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of pain. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:1179-99. [PMID: 25078137 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is located in areas of the CNS key for pain control and belongs to a unique target class with chaperoning functions over different molecular targets involved in transmission and amplification of nociceptive messages. Preclinical evidence supports a role for σ1R antagonists in the treatment of pain states where hypersensitivity develops as hyperalgesia and allodynia, two common symptoms encountered in neuropathic and other chronic pain conditions. Additionally, σ1R antagonists increase opioid analgesia without increasing opioid-related unwanted effects, which point to their potential use as opioid adjuvant therapy. This review summarizes the structure and function of the σ1R as well as the medicinal chemistry and pharmacological studies directed to the identification of σ1R antagonists for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Almansa
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE, Baldiri Reixach, 4-8, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Bai S, Li S, Xu J, Peng X, Sai K, Chu W, Tu Z, Zeng C, Mach RH. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of conformationally flexible tetrahydroisoquinolinyl triazole carboxamide and triazole substituted benzamide analogues as σ2 receptor ligands. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4239-51. [PMID: 24821398 PMCID: PMC6818095 DOI: 10.1021/jm5001453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel classes of compounds targeting the sigma-2 (σ2) receptor were synthesized, and their bioactivities to binding σ1 and σ2 receptors were measured. Four novel triazole carboxamide analogues, 24d, 24e, 24f, and 39c, demonstrated high affinity and selectivity for the σ2 receptor. These data suggest (11)C-labeled versions of these compounds may be potential σ2-selective radiotracers for imaging the proliferative status of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Bai
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Xin Peng
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Kiran Sai
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Wenhua Chu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Chenbo Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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32
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Do W, Herrera C, Mighty J, Shumskaya M, Redenti SM, Sauane M. Sigma 1 Receptor plays a prominent role in IL-24-induced cancer-specific apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:215-20. [PMID: 23988449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-24 (IL-24), a member of the IL-10 cytokine family, is an immunomodulatory cytokine that also displays broad cancer-specific suppressor effects. The tumor suppressor activities of IL-24 include inhibition of angiogenesis, sensitization to chemotherapy, and cancer-specific apoptosis. We show that Sigma 1 Receptor (S1R), a ligand-regulated protein chaperone contributes to IL-24 induction of apoptosis. IL-24 generated from an adenovirus expressing IL-24 (Ad.IL-24) induces cancer-specific apoptosis by inducing an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reactive oxygen species production, and calcium mobilization. The present studies reveals that S1R is required for Ad.IL-24-induced cell death. We provide several lines of evidence to confirm a physical and functional interaction between IL-24 and S1R including: (a) S1R and IL-24 co-localize, as judged by immunocytochemical analysis studies; (b) S1R and IL-24 co-immunoprecipitate using either S1R or IL-24 antibody; (c) S1R agonist (+)-SKF10047 inhibits apoptosis by Ad.IL-24; (d) (+)-SKF10047-mediated inhibition of Ad.IL-24 results in: diminished ER stress protein expression; (e) Calcium mobilization; and (f) ROS production. Collectively, these data demonstrate that S1R interacts with IL-24 and suggest that IL-24:S1R interaction determines apoptosis induction by Ad.IL-24. These studies define Sigma 1 Receptor as a key initial mediator of IL-24 induction of cancer-specific killing. These findings have important implications for our understanding of IL-24 as a tumor suppressor protein as well as an immune modulating cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winchie Do
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
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33
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Schrock JM, Spino CM, Longen CG, Stabler SM, Marino JC, Pasternak GW, Kim FJ. Sequential cytoprotective responses to Sigma1 ligand-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:751-62. [PMID: 24006496 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.087809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sigma1 receptor (Sigma1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) integral membrane protein that is highly expressed in a number of cancer cell lines. Small molecule compounds targeting Sigma1 (Sigma1 ligands) inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptotic cell death in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in xenograft experiments. However, the cellular pathways activated by Sigma1 protein-ligand interaction are not well defined. Here, we find that treatment with some Sigma1 ligands induces ER stress and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) in a dose- and time-responsive manner in a range of adenocarcinoma cell lines. Autophagy is engaged after extended treatment with Sigma1 ligands, which suggests that protracted UPR results in autophagy as a secondary response. Inhibition of UPR by RNAi-mediated knockdown of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α and activating transcription factor 4 abrogates autophagosome formation, as does knockdown of essential autophagy gene products Beclin1 and autophagy protein 5. Knockdown of Sigma1 also suppresses IPAG [1-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(2-adamantyl) guanidine] induced UPR marker and autophagosome levels, indicating that this response is indeed Sigma1-mediated. We find that UPR activation precedes autophagosome formation and autophagy precedes apoptosis in Sigma1 ligand-treated cells. These processes are reversible, and washout of IPAG before cell death results in a return of autophagosomes and UPR markers toward basal levels. However, inhibition of Sigma1 ligand-induced UPR or autophagy accelerates apoptotic cell death. Together, these data suggest that UPR and autophagy are engaged as primary and secondary cytoprotective responses, respectively, to Sigma1 ligand-induced disruption of cancer cell protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M Schrock
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.M.S., C.G.L., F.J.K.); and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.M.S., S.M.S., J.C.M., G.W.P.)
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34
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Huang YS, Lu HL, Zhang LJ, Wu Z. Sigma-2 receptor ligands and their perspectives in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:532-66. [PMID: 23922215 DOI: 10.1002/med.21297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-2 receptor is highly expressed in various rapidly proliferating cancer cells and regarded as a cancer cell biomarker. Selective sigma-2 ligands have been shown to specifically label the tumor sites, induce cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, and inhibit tumor growth. Sigma-2 ligands are potentially useful as cancer diagnostics, anticancer therapeutics, or adjuvant anticancer treatment agents. However, both the cloning of this receptor and the identification of its endogenous ligand have not been successful, and the lack of structural information has severely hindered the understanding of its physiological roles, its signaling pathways, and the development of more selective sigma-2 ligands. Recent data have implicated that sigma-2 binding sites are within the lipid rafts and that PGRMC1 (progesterone receptor membrane component 1) complex and sigma-2 receptor may be coupled with EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), caspases, and ion channels. Due to its promising applications in cancer management, there are rapidly increasing research efforts that are being directed into this field. This review article updates the current understanding of sigma-2 receptor and its potential physiological roles, applications, interaction with other effectors, with special focuses on the development of sigma-2 ligands, their chemical structures, pharmacological profiles, applications in imaging and anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical College, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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35
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Yu LF, Zhang HK, Gunosewoyo H, Kozikowski AP. From α4β2 Nicotinic Ligands to the Discovery of σ1 Receptor Ligands: Pharmacophore Analysis and Rational Design. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:1054-1058. [PMID: 23641311 DOI: 10.1021/ml3002715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative analyses of the pharmacophoric elements required for σ1 and nicotinic ligands led to the identification of a potent and selective σ1 ligand (15). Compound 15 displayed high selectivity for the σ1 receptor (Ki, σ1 = 4.1 nM, Ki, σ2 = 1312 nM) with moderate binding affinity for the DAT (Ki = 373 nM) and NET (Ki = 203 nM) in the PDSP broad screening panel of common CNS neurotransmitter transporters and receptors. The key finding in this present work is that a subtle structural modifica tion could be used as a tool to switch a ligand's selectivity between nAChRs and sigma receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Yu
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Han-Kun Zhang
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Alan P. Kozikowski
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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37
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Nekrasova YN, Navolotskaya EV. The synthetic peptide octraphin TPLVTLFK is a selective agonist of nonopioid β-endorphin receptor. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747811060092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Mésangeau C, Amata E, Alsharif W, Seminerio MJ, Robson MJ, Matsumoto RR, Poupaert JH, McCurdy CR. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of indole-based sigma receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5154-61. [PMID: 21899931 PMCID: PMC3272488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel indole-based analogs were prepared and their affinities for sigma receptors were determined using in vitro radioligand binding assays. The results of this study identified several compounds with nanomolar sigma-2 affinity and significant selectivity over sigma-1 receptors. In particular, 2-(4-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)indol-1-yl)butyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (9f) was found to display high affinity at sigma-2 receptors with good selectivity (σ-1/σ-2 = 395). The pharmacological binding profile for this compound was established with other relevant non-sigma sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Mésangeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Walid Alsharif
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Michael J. Seminerio
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Matthew J. Robson
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Rae R. Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Jacques H. Poupaert
- Université Catholique de Louvain, 74 Avenue Emmanuel Mounier, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christopher R. McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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