SILICONE GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION RESULTING IN HYPERCALCEMIA: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Morbidity induced by the infiltration of foreign substances into the buttocks: A systematic review

The infiltration of substances into the buttocks for esthetic purposes can cause local or systemic damage. These infiltrated substances, known as adjuvants, foreign substances, and polymers, often lack sufficient and frequently controversial evidence. To identify the systemic complications associated with substances locally infiltrated in the buttocks for treatment, we conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA criteria. Of 275 publications, 29 met the eligibility criteria: 3 systematic reviews, 6 case series, and 20 case reports. The study comprises 463 cases, mainly women (87%), with an average age of 39.94 years. The average time between infiltrations was 7.65 years. Infiltrated substances included silicone, oils, methyl methacrylate, guaiacol, sodium gadolinium, collagen, paraffin, and other unknown substances. The complications fell into three categories: local, systemic with inflammatory-immune response, and renal damage due to hypercalcemia induced by the granulomatosis caused by the substance. Treatment lacked uniformity, mainly focusing on the main effect. Surgical resection of affected tissue resulted in local and systemic improvement (renal, hypercalcemia, or inflammatory-immune) for most patients. Patients who received comprehensive treatment based on inflammatory-immune control, control of renal involvement, and resection of the tissue area that contained large amounts of the infiltrated substance had a better prognosis than those with diffuse infiltration and delayed treatment.

Silicone injection-induced granuloma formation, hypercalcemia and nephrolithiasis: a case report

Hypercalcemia and nephrolithiasis have been associated with various etiologies, including dysregulation of the parathyroid glands, malignancies, or sarcoidosis. Other causes of hypercalcemia, such as granulomatous disease resulting from silicone-based cosmetic injections, have been reported but without specific emphasis on nephrolithiasis. Herein, we report an unusual case of simultaneous bilateral obstructing ureteral calculi (SBUC) triggered by recalcitrant hypercalcemia and granulomatous disease due to silicone-based cosmetic injections. A careful surgical history, physical exam, and imaging identified the underlying etiology, which was confirmed by final histopathology. Using a multidisciplinary approach, the patient's condition was successfully managed with endoscopic procedures and concurrent corticosteroid therapy.

Case Series: Hypercalcemia From Granulomatous Silicosis Developing After COVID-19 Infection

Hypercalcemia is one of the most commonly encountered laboratory abnormalities in clinical medicine. Various causes have been well established. However, it is likely that the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), may be a newly found cause of this frequent finding, especially amongst those with a history of cosmetic surgery, specifically by means of silicone injection. In this case series, we describe 2 patients presenting with symptomatic hypercalcemia likely from their prior silicone injections. Interestingly, each patient only developed symptoms of hypercalcemia following infection with SARS-CoV-2.