Patel U, Deluxe L, Salama C, Jimenez AR, Whiting A, Lubin C, Tarlin N. Evaluation of Characteristics and Outcomes for Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) With and Without COVID-19 in Elmhurst Queens During Similar Three-Month Periods in 2019 and 2020.
Cureus 2021;
13:e16427. [PMID:
34414048 PMCID:
PMC8364784 DOI:
10.7759/cureus.16427]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim
There are reports of COVID-19 patients presenting with new onset diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). We compared the characteristics of patients with DKA with and without COVID-19 and their effect on mortality.
Research design and methods
A retrospective study at Elmhurst Hospital Center in Queens, New York was performed using ICD-10 codes to identify patients with DKA from March 1 to May 31 in 2019 and 2020.
Results
While comparing COVID-19 patients with DKA to the DKA patients without COVID-19 in both 2019 and 2020, hispanic patients, males, and type 2 diabetes predominated. COVID-19 patients were older (p=0.010), had more hypertension (p=0.002), and severe lactic acidosis (p=0.006). Mortality for DKA patients with COVID-19 was 57%, for DKA patients without COVID-19 it was 2.1% (p=0.0001), and for diabetic patients (no DKA) with COVID-19 it was 39% (p=0.035). Within the COVID-19 group, older age (mean age 65), (p=0.014), elevated CRP (p=0.012), low O2 saturation (p=0.001), and beta blocker use (P=0.01) were associated with increased mortality.
Conclusions
COVID-19 patients are older, have a history of hypertension, more severe DKA and lactic acidosis than patients without COVID-19. There was no increase in DKA with HHS. DKA, but not diabetic parameters, hypertension, and older age predicted a poor outcome.
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