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Sarver AL, Xie C, Riddle MJ, Forster CL, Wang X, Lu H, Wagner W, Tolar J, Hallstrom TC. Retinoblastoma tumor cell proliferation is negatively associated with an immune gene expression signature and increased immune cells. J Transl Med 2021; 101:701-718. [PMID: 33658609 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on gene expression differences between early retinal states that ultimately lead to normal development, late onset retinoblastoma, or rapid bilateral retinoblastoma tumors. The late-onset and early-onset retinoblastoma tumor cells are remarkably similar to normally proliferating retinal progenitor cells, but they fail to properly express differentiation markers associated with normal development. Further, early-onset retinoblastoma tumor cells express a robust immune gene expression signature followed by accumulation of dendritic, monocyte, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte cells in the retinoblastoma tumors. This characteristic was not shared by either normal retinae or late-onset retinoblastomas. Comparison of our data with other human and mouse retinoblastoma tumor gene expression significantly confirmed, that the immune signature is present in tumors from each species. Strikingly, we observed that the immune signature in both mouse and human tumors was most highly evident in those with the lowest proliferative capacity. We directly assessed this relationship in human retinoblastoma tumors by co-analyzing proliferation and immune cell recruitment by immunohistochemistry, uncovering a significant inverse relationship between increased immune-cell infiltration in tumors and reduced tumor cell proliferation. Directly inhibiting proliferation with a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor significantly increased the number of CD45+ immune cells in the retina. This work establishes an in vivo model for the rapid recruitment of immune cells to tumorigenic neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Sarver
- Institute for Health Informatics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chencheng Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Megan J Riddle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Colleen L Forster
- BioNet, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Huarui Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wyatt Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy C Hallstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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The role of translationally controlled tumor protein in proliferation of Drosophila intestinal stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26591-26598. [PMID: 31843907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910850116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a highly conserved protein functioning in multiple cellular processes, ranging from growth to immune responses. To explore the role of TCTP in tissue maintenance and regeneration, we employed the adult Drosophila midgut, where multiple signaling pathways interact to precisely regulate stem cell division for tissue homeostasis. Tctp levels were significantly increased in stem cells and enteroblasts upon tissue damage or activation of the Hippo pathway that promotes regeneration of intestinal epithelium. Stem cells with reduced Tctp levels failed to proliferate during normal tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Mechanistically, Tctp forms a complex with multiple proteins involved in translation and genetically interacts with ribosomal subunits. In addition, Tctp increases both Akt1 protein abundance and phosphorylation in vivo. Altogether, Tctp regulates stem cell proliferation by interacting with key growth regulatory signaling pathways and the translation process in vivo.
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Zhou C, James JG, Xu Y, Tu H, He X, Wen Q, Price M, Yang N, Wu Y, Ran J, Meng Y, Yue B. Genome-wide analysis sheds light on the high-altitude adaptation of the buff-throated partridge (Tetraophasis szechenyii). Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 295:31-46. [PMID: 31414227 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The buff-throated partridge (Tetraophasis szechenyii) is a hypoxia-tolerant bird living in an extremely inhospitable high-altitude environment, which has high ultraviolet (UV) radiation as well as a low oxygen supply when compared with low-altitude areas. To further understand the molecular genetic mechanisms of the high-altitude adaptation of the buff-throated partridges, we de novo assembled the complete genome of the buff-throated partridge. Comparative genomics revealed that positively selected hypoxia-related genes in the buff-throated partridge were distributed in the HIF-1 signaling pathway (map04066), response to hypoxia (GO:0001666), response to oxygen-containing compound (GO:1901700), ATP binding (GO:0005524), and angiogenesis (GO:0001525). Of these positively selected hypoxia-related genes, one positively selected gene (LONP1) had one buff-throated partridge-specific missense mutation which was classified as deleterious by PolyPhen-2. Moreover, positively selected genes in the buff-throated partridge were enriched in cellular response to DNA damage stimulus (corrected P value: 0.028006) and DNA repair (corrected P value: 0.044549), which was related to the increased exposure of the buff-throated partridge to UV radiation. Compared with other avian genomes, the buff-throated partridge showed expansion in genes associated with steroid hormone receptor activity and contractions in genes related to immune and olfactory perception. Furthermore, comparisons between the buff-throated partridge genome and red junglefowl genome revealed a conserved genome structure and provided strong evidence of the sibling relationship between Tetraophasis and Lophophorus. Our data and analysis contributed to the study of Phasianidae evolutionary history and provided new insights into the potential adaptation mechanisms to the high altitude employed by the buff-throated partridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Jake George James
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Tu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingcheng He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinchao Wen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Megan Price
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Yang
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Ran
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China.
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Function of Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein in Organ Growth: Lessons from Drosophila Studies. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 64:173-191. [PMID: 29149408 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67591-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cell growth and proliferation is crucial for development and function of organs in all animals. Genetic defects in growth control can lead to developmental disorders and cancers. Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins implicated in cancer. Recent studies have revealed multiple roles of TCTP in diverse cellular events, but TCTP functions in vivo are poorly understood in vertebrate systems. We have used Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, as a model organism for genetic dissection of Tctp function. Our studies have shown that Tctp is essential for organ development by regulating growth signaling. Furthermore, it is required for genome stability by promoting DNA repair and chromatin remodeling in the nucleus. Thus, Tctp acts as a multifaceted cytosolic and nuclear factor for regulating organ growth and genome stability. In this chapter, we describe an overview of our findings on Tctp functions in Drosophila and discuss their implications in cancer.
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Bommer UA. The Translational Controlled Tumour Protein TCTP: Biological Functions and Regulation. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 64:69-126. [PMID: 29149404 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67591-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Translational Controlled Tumour Protein TCTP (gene symbol TPT1, also called P21, P23, Q23, fortilin or histamine-releasing factor, HRF) is a highly conserved protein present in essentially all eukaryotic organisms and involved in many fundamental cell biological and disease processes. It was first discovered about 35 years ago, and it took an extended period of time for its multiple functions to be revealed, and even today we do not yet fully understand all the details. Having witnessed most of this history, in this chapter, I give a brief overview and review the current knowledge on the structure, biological functions, disease involvements and cellular regulation of this protein.TCTP is able to interact with a large number of other proteins and is therefore involved in many core cell biological processes, predominantly in the response to cellular stresses, such as oxidative stress, heat shock, genotoxic stress, imbalance of ion metabolism as well as other conditions. Mechanistically, TCTP acts as an anti-apoptotic protein, and it is involved in DNA-damage repair and in cellular autophagy. Thus, broadly speaking, TCTP can be considered a cytoprotective protein. In addition, TCTP facilitates cell division through stabilising the mitotic spindle and cell growth through modulating growth signalling pathways and through its interaction with the proteosynthetic machinery of the cell. Due to its activities, both as an anti-apoptotic protein and in promoting cell growth and division, TCTP is also essential in the early development of both animals and plants.Apart from its involvement in various biological processes at the cellular level, TCTP can also act as an extracellular protein and as such has been involved in modulating whole-body defence processes, namely in the mammalian immune system. Extracellular TCTP, typically in its dimerised form, is able to induce the release of cytokines and other signalling molecules from various types of immune cells. There are also several examples, where TCTP was shown to be involved in antiviral/antibacterial defence in lower animals. In plants, the protein appears to have a protective effect against phytotoxic stresses, such as flooding, draught, too high or low temperature, salt stress or exposure to heavy metals. The finding for the latter stress condition is corroborated by earlier reports that TCTP levels are considerably up-regulated upon exposure of earthworms to high levels of heavy metals.Given the involvement of TCTP in many biological processes aimed at maintaining cellular or whole-body homeostasis, it is not surprising that dysregulation of TCTP levels may promote a range of disease processes, foremost cancer. Indeed a large body of evidence now supports a role of TCTP in at least the most predominant types of human cancers. Typically, this can be ascribed to both the anti-apoptotic activity of the protein and to its function in promoting cell growth and division. However, TCTP also appears to be involved in the later stages of cancer progression, such as invasion and metastasis. Hence, high TCTP levels in tumour tissues are often associated with a poor patient outcome. Due to its multiple roles in cancer progression, TCTP has been proposed as a potential target for the development of new anti-cancer strategies in recent pilot studies. Apart from its role in cancer, TCTP dysregulation has been reported to contribute to certain processes in the development of diabetes, as well as in diseases associated with the cardiovascular system.Since cellular TCTP levels are highly regulated, e.g. in response to cell stress or to growth signalling, and because deregulation of this protein contributes to many disease processes, a detailed understanding of regulatory processes that impinge on TCTP levels is required. The last section of this chapter summarises our current knowledge on the mechanisms that may be involved in the regulation of TCTP levels. Essentially, expression of the TPT1 gene is regulated at both the transcriptional and the translational level, the latter being particularly advantageous when a rapid adjustment of cellular TCTP levels is required, for example in cell stress responses. Other regulatory mechanisms, such as protein stability regulation, may also contribute to the regulation of overall TCTP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich-Axel Bommer
- School of Medicine, Graduate Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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Breastmilk Stem Cells: Recent Advances and Future Prospects. Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6542-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Faè M, Balestrazzi A, Confalonieri M, Donà M, Macovei A, Valassi A, Giraffa G, Carbonera D. Copper-mediated genotoxic stress is attenuated by the overexpression of the DNA repair gene MtTdp2α (tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2) in Medicago truncatula plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1071-1080. [PMID: 24638978 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-013-0395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Our study highlights the use of the DNA repair gene MtTdp2α as a tool for improving the plant response to heavy metal stress. Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (Tdp2), involved in the removal of DNA topoisomerase II-mediated DNA damage and cell proliferation/differentiation signalling in animal cells, is still poorly characterised in plants. The Medicago truncatula lines Tdp2α-13c and Tdp2α-28 overexpressing the MtTdp2α gene and control (CTRL) line were exposed to 0.2 mM CuCl2. The DNA diffusion assay revealed a significant reduction in the percentage of necrosis caused by copper in the aerial parts of the Tdp2α-13c and Tdp2α-28 plants while neutral single cell gel electrophoresis highlighted a significant decrease in double strand breaks (DSBs), compared to CTRL. In the copper-treated Tdp2α-13c and Tdp2α-28 lines there was up-regulation (up to 4.0-fold) of genes encoding the α and β isoforms of Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1, indicating the requirement for Tdp1 function in the response to heavy metals. As for DSB sensing, the MtMRE11, MtRAD50 and MtNBS1 genes were also significantly up-regulated (up to 2.3-fold) in the MtTdp2α-overexpressing plants grown under physiological conditions, compared to CTRL line, and then further stimulated in response to copper. The basal antioxidant machinery was always activated in all the tested lines, as indicated by the concomitant up-regulation of MtcytSOD and MtcpSOD genes (cytosolic and chloroplastic Superoxide Dismutase), and MtMT2 (type 2 metallothionein) gene. The role of MtTdp2α gene in enhancing the plant response to genotoxic injury under heavy metal stress is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Faè
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'L. Spallanzani', Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Sousa FG, Matuo R, Soares DG, Escargueil AE, Henriques JAP, Larsen AK, Saffi J. PARPs and the DNA damage response. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1433-40. [PMID: 22431722 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is an important posttranslational modification catalyzed by a variety of enzymes, including poly (ADP ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) as a substrate to synthesize and transfer ADP-ribose units to acceptor proteins. The PARP family members possess a variety of structural domains, span a wide range of functions and localize to various cellular compartments. Among the molecular actions attributed to PARPs, their role in the DNA damage response (DDR) has been widely documented. In particular, PARPs 1-3 are involved in several cellular processes that respond to DNA lesions, which include DNA damage recognition, signaling and repair as well as local transcriptional blockage, chromatin remodeling and cell death induction. However, how these enzymes are able to participate in such numerous and diverse mechanisms in response to DNA damage is not fully understood. Herein, the DDR functions of PARPs 1-3 and the emerging roles of poly (ADP ribose) polymers in DNA damage are reviewed. The development of PARP inhibitors, their applications and mechanisms of action are also discussed in the context of the DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio G Sousa
- Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Sarrouilhe D, Ladeveze V. [When the curtain goes up on spinophilin's tumor suppressor function]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:26-8. [PMID: 22289823 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012281009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Sarrouilhe
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Pôle Biologie Santé, Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 6187, 40, Avenue du Recteur Pineau, Poitiers, 86022, France.
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Amson R, Pece S, Lespagnol A, Vyas R, Mazzarol G, Tosoni D, Colaluca I, Viale G, Rodrigues-Ferreira S, Wynendaele J, Chaloin O, Hoebeke J, Marine JC, Di Fiore PP, Telerman A. Reciprocal repression between P53 and TCTP. Nat Med 2011; 18:91-9. [PMID: 22157679 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Screening for genes that reprogram cancer cells for the tumor reversion switch identified TCTP (encoding translationally controlled tumor protein) as a crucial regulator of apoptosis. Here we report a negative feedback loop between P53 and TCTP. TCTP promotes P53 degradation by competing with NUMB for binding to P53-MDM2-containing complexes. TCTP inhibits MDM2 auto-ubiquitination and promotes MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of P53. Notably, Tctp haploinsufficient mice are sensitized to P53-dependent apoptosis. In addition, P53 directly represses TCTP transcription. In 508 breast cancers, high-TCTP status associates with poorly differentiated, aggressive G3-grade tumors, predicting poor prognosis (P < 0.0005). Tctp knockdown in primary mammary tumor cells from ErbB2 transgenic mice results in increased P53 expression and a decreased number of stem-like cancer cells. The pharmacological compounds sertraline and thioridazine increase the amount of P53 by neutralizing TCTP's action on the MDM2-P53 axis. This study links TCTP and P53 in a previously unidentified regulatory circuitry that may underlie the relevance of TCTP in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Amson
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche 8113, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Pharmacologie génétique Appliquée, École Normale Supérieure, Cachan, France
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Rackham O, Shearwood AMJ, Mercer TR, Davies SM, Mattick JS, Filipovska A. Long noncoding RNAs are generated from the mitochondrial genome and regulated by nuclear-encoded proteins. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 17:2085-93. [PMID: 22028365 PMCID: PMC3222122 DOI: 10.1261/rna.029405.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Human mitochondrial long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have not been described to date. By analysis of deep-sequencing data we have identified three lncRNAs generated from the mitochondrial genome and confirmed their expression by Northern blotting and strand-specific qRT-PCR. We show that the abundance of these lncRNAs is comparable to their complementary mRNAs and that nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins involved in RNA processing regulate their expression. We also identify the 5' and 3' transcript ends of the three lncRNAs and show that mitochondrial RNase P protein 1 (MRPP1) is important for the processing of these transcripts. Finally, we show that mitochondrial lncRNAs form intermolecular duplexes and that their abundance is cell- and tissue-specific, suggesting a functional role in the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Rackham
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie J. Shearwood
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Tim R. Mercer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stefan M.K. Davies
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - John S. Mattick
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Filipovska
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
- Corresponding author.E-mail .
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