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Castellanos-Martínez R, León-Vega II, Guerrero-Fonseca IM, Vargas-Robles H, Jiménez-Camacho KE, Hernández-Galicia G, Ortiz-Navarrete VF, Rottner K, Medina-Contreras O, Schnoor M. T cell functions and organ infiltration by leukemic T cells require cortactin. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:315-325. [PMID: 36808495 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy that is still fatal in many cases. T cell blasts are characterized by hyperactivation and strong proliferative and migratory capacities. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is involved in mediating malignant T cell properties, and cortactin has been shown to control CXCR4 surface localization in T-ALL cells. We have previously shown that cortactin overexpression is correlated with organ infiltration and relapse in B-ALL. However, the role of cortactin in T cell biology and T-ALL remains elusive. Here, we analyzed the functional relevance of cortactin for T cell activation and migration and the implications for T-ALL development. We found that cortactin is upregulated in response to T cell receptor engagement and recruited to the immune synapse in normal T cells. Loss of cortactin caused reduced IL-2 production and proliferation. Cortactin-depleted T cells showed defects in immune synapse formation and migrated less due to impaired actin polymerization in response to T cell receptor and CXCR4 stimulation. Leukemic T cells expressed much higher levels of cortactin compared to normal T cells that correlated with greater migratory capacity. Xenotransplantation assays in NSG mice revealed that cortactin-depleted human leukemic T cells colonized the bone marrow significantly less and failed to infiltrate the central nervous system, suggesting that cortactin overexpression drives organ infiltration, which is a major complication of T-ALL relapse. Thus, cortactin could serve as a potential therapeutic target for T-ALL and other pathologies involving aberrant T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Castellanos-Martínez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iliana I León-Vega
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Idaira M Guerrero-Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hilda Vargas-Robles
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina E Jiménez-Camacho
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hernández-Galicia
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vianney F Ortiz-Navarrete
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Hospital Infantil "Federico Gómez,", Av. Dr. Márquez 162, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Hayat A, Carter EP, King HW, Ors A, Doe A, Teijeiro SA, Charrot S, Godinho S, Cutillas P, Mohammed H, Grose RP, Ficz G. Low HER2 expression in normal breast epithelium enables dedifferentiation and malignant transformation via chromatin opening. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049894. [PMID: 36661191 PMCID: PMC9922733 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the HER2 protein in breast cancer patients is a predictor of poor prognosis and resistance to therapies. We used an inducible breast cancer transformation system that allows investigation of early molecular changes. HER2 overexpression to similar levels as those observed in a subtype of HER2-positive breast cancer patients induced transformation of MCF10A cells and resulted in gross morphological changes, increased anchorage-independent growth of cells, and altered the transcriptional programme of genes associated with oncogenic transformation. Global phosphoproteomic analysis during HER2 induction predominantly detected an increase in protein phosphorylation. Intriguingly, this correlated with chromatin opening, as measured by ATAC-seq on acini isolated from 3D cell culture. HER2 overexpression resulted in opening of many distal regulatory regions and promoted reprogramming-associated heterogeneity. We found that a subset of cells acquired a dedifferentiated breast stem-like phenotype, making them likely candidates for malignant transformation. Our data show that this population of cells, which counterintuitively enriches for relatively low HER2 protein abundance and increased chromatin accessibility, possesses transformational drive, resulting in increased anchorage-independent growth in vitro compared to cells not displaying a stem-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateequllah Hayat
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Edward P. Carter
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hamish W. King
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Aysegul Ors
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Aaron Doe
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Saul A. Teijeiro
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sarah Charrot
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Susana Godinho
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hisham Mohammed
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Richard P. Grose
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Gabriella Ficz
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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3
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Abrishamdar M, Farbood Y, Sarkaki A, Rashno M, Badavi M. Evaluation of betulinic acid effects on pain, memory, anxiety, catalepsy, and oxidative stress in animal model of Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:467-482. [PMID: 35708868 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is known for motor impairments. Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural compound with antioxidant activity. The present study addresses the question of whether BA affects motor and non-motor dysfunctions and molecular changes in the rat model of PD. The right medial forebrain bundle was lesioned by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in Male Wistar rats (10-12 weeks old, 270-320 g). Animals were divided into Sham, PD, 3 treated groups with BA (0.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, IP), and a positive control group received L-dopa (20 mg/kg, P.O) for 7 days. rigidity, anxiety, analgesia, and memory were assessed by bar test, open-field, elevated plus-maze (EPM), tail-flick, and shuttle box. Additionally, the malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Interleukin 10 (IL10) levels in the whole brain were measured. BA significantly reversed the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced motor and memory complication in the bar test and shuttle box. It modified anxiety-like behavior neither in open-field nor in EPM. It only decreased the time spent in open arms. Moreover, no significant changes were found in the tail-flick between treatment and sham groups. On the other hand, the level of MDA & IL10 were decreased, while the activity of GPx levels of SOD & BDNF in the rats' brains was increased. Our results showed that BA as a free radical scavenger can account for a possible promise as a good therapeutic agent for motor and non-motor complications in PD however further studies may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abrishamdar
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty and Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - A Sarkaki
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Rashno
- Department of Immunulogy, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Badavi
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Tang WC, Tsao SW, Jones GE, Liu X, Tsai MH, Delecluse HJ, Dai W, You C, Zhang J, Huang SCM, Leung MMH, Liu T, Ching YP, Chen H, Lo KW, Li X, Tsang CM. Latent membrane protein 1 and macrophage-derived TNFα synergistically activate and mobilize invadopodia to drive invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Pathol 2023; 259:163-179. [PMID: 36420735 PMCID: PMC10108171 DOI: 10.1002/path.6036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions that digest the matrix barrier during cancer metastasis. Since the discovery of invadopodia, they have been visualized as localized and dot-like structures in different types of cancer cells on top of a 2D matrix. In this investigation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a highly invasive cancer frequently accompanied by neck lymph node and distal organ metastases, we revealed a new form of invadopodium with mobilizing features. Integration of live-cell imaging and molecular assays revealed the interaction of macrophage-released TNFα and EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in co-activating the EGFR/Src/ERK/cortactin and Cdc42/N-WASP signaling axes for mobilizing the invadopodia with lateral movements. This phenomenon endows the invadopodia with massive degradative power, visualized as a shift of focal dot-like digestion patterns on a 2D gelatin to a dendrite-like digestion pattern. Notably, single stimulation of either LMP1 or TNFα could only enhance the number of ordinary dot-like invadopodia, suggesting that the EBV infection sensitizes the NPC cells to form mobilizing invadopodia when encountering a TNFα-rich tumor microenvironment. This study unveils the interplay of EBV and stromal components in driving the invasive potential of NPC via unleashing the propulsion of invadopodia in overcoming matrix hurdles. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Chung Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Gareth E Jones
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ming Han Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chanping You
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Shaina Chor Mei Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Manton Man-Hon Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yick Pang Ching
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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5
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Zhou Z, Zhao J, Liu Y, Yan X, Sun H, Xia M, Su J. Autophagy promotes invadopodia formation in human ovarian cancer cells via the p62-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:952. [PMID: 34335894 PMCID: PMC8290436 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasiveness and metastatic potential are among the most essential characteristics of malignant tumors. Furthermore, it has been reported that autophagy and invasion are enhanced when tumor cells are grown in adverse conditions, such as nutritional deficiency and starvation. However, the association between autophagy and invasion remains largely unclear. In the present study, Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS) was used to induce autophagy and an autophagy inhibitor was used to block autophagy. The results of Transwell assays revealed that autophagy inhibition limited the invasiveness of human ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, the results of invadopodia formation assay indicated that autophagy stimulated invadopodia formation, and the selective autophagy receptor and signaling adaptor, sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62 or simply p62), was closely associated with invadopodia formation in human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. The results of western blot analysis indicated that autophagy induced changes in p62 protein levels and p62 then functioned as a negative regulator of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity and invadopodia formation. The interaction between autophagy and invasion may thus be a self-protective mechanism for tumor cells in an unfavorable environment of nutritional deficiency, that maintains their survival and leads to increased invasiveness. An exploration of the intrinsic link between autophagy and invasion may provide a novel theoretical basis to reverse the resistance of tumor cells to a nutritional deficient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Meihui Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Su
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Qin X, Zhang Y, He Y, Chen K, Zhang Y, Li P, Jiang Y, Li S, Li T, Yang H, Wu C, Zheng C, Zhu J, You F, Liu Y. Shear stress triggered circular dorsal ruffles formation to facilitate cancer cell migration. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 709:108967. [PMID: 34157295 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs) are a kind of special ring-shaped membrane structure rich in F-actin, it is highly involved in the invasion-metastasis of tumor. Shear stress is one of the biophysical elements that affects the fate of tumor cells. However, how shear stress contributes to the CDRs formation is still unclear. In this study, we found that shear stress stimulated the formation of CDRs and promoted the migration of human breast MDA-MB-231 carcinoma cells. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) mediated the recruiting of ADP-ribosylation factors (ARAP1/Arf1) to CDRs. Meanwhile, the transfection of ARAP1 or Arf1 mutant decreased the number of cells with CDRs, the CDRs areas and perimeters, thus blocked the cancer cell migration. This indicated that the ARAP1/Arf1 were necessary for the CDRs formation and cancer cell migration. Further study revealed that shear stress could stimulate the formation of intracellular macropinocytosis (MPS) thus promoted the ARAP1/Arf1 transportation to early endosome to regulate cancer cell migration after the depolymerization of CDRs. Our study elucidates that the CDRs formation is essential in shear stress-induced breast cancer cell migration, which provides a new research target for exploring the cytoskeletal mechanisms of breast cancer malignance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuehui Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuchen He
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jie Zhu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengming You
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China.
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7
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Varone A, Amoruso C, Monti M, Patheja M, Greco A, Auletta L, Zannetti A, Corda D. The phosphatase Shp1 interacts with and dephosphorylates cortactin to inhibit invadopodia function. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:64. [PMID: 34088320 PMCID: PMC8176763 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invadopodia are actin-based cell-membrane protrusions associated with the extracellular matrix degradation accompanying cancer invasion. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms leading to invadopodia formation and activity is central for the prevention of tumor spreading and growth. Protein tyrosine kinases such as Src are known to regulate invadopodia assembly, little is however known on the role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in this process. Among these enzymes, we have selected the tyrosine phosphatase Shp1 to investigate its potential role in invadopodia assembly, due to its involvement in cancer development. METHODS Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence studies were employed to identify novel substrate/s of Shp1AQ controlling invadopodia activity. The phosphorylation level of cortactin, the Shp1 substrate identified in this study, was assessed by immunoprecipitation, in vitro phosphatase and western blot assays. Short interference RNA and a catalytically-dead mutant of Shp1 expressed in A375MM melanoma cells were used to evaluate the role of the specific Shp1-mediated dephosphorylation of cortactin. The anti-invasive proprieties of glycerophosphoinositol, that directly binds and regulates Shp1, were investigated by extracellular matrix degradation assays and in vivo mouse model of metastasis. RESULTS The data show that Shp1 was recruited to invadopodia and promoted the dephosphorylation of cortactin at tyrosine 421, leading to an attenuated capacity of melanoma cancer cells to degrade the extracellular matrix. Controls included the use of short interference RNA and catalytically-dead mutant that prevented the dephosphorylation of cortactin and hence the decrease the extracellular matrix degradation by melanoma cells. In addition, the phosphoinositide metabolite glycerophosphoinositol facilitated the localization of Shp1 at invadopodia hence promoting cortactin dephosphorylation. This impaired invadopodia function and tumor dissemination both in vitro and in an in vivo model of melanomas. CONCLUSION The main finding here reported is that cortactin is a specific substrate of the tyrosine phosphatase Shp1 and that its phosphorylation/dephosphorylation affects invadopodia formation and, as a consequence, the ability of melanoma cells to invade the extracellular matrix. Shp1 can thus be considered as a regulator of melanoma cell invasiveness and a potential target for antimetastatic drugs. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Varone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Amoruso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Monti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Manpreet Patheja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Interdipartimental Center of Veterinary Radiology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Tommaso De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Auletta
- IRCCS SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80142 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Tommaso De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council, Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy
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8
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Amaroli A, Sabbieti MG, Marchetti L, Zekiy AO, Utyuzh AS, Marchegiani A, Laus F, Cuteri V, Benedicenti S, Agas D. The effects of 808-nm near-infrared laser light irradiation on actin cytoskeleton reorganization in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:1003-1016. [PMID: 33159579 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tailoring the cell organelles and thus changing cell homeostatic behavior has permitted the discovery of fascinating metabolic features enabling enhanced viability, differentiation, or quenching inflammation. Recently, photobiomodulation (PBM) has been accredited as an effective cell manipulation technique with promising therapeutic potential. In this prospective, in vitro results revealed that 808-nm laser light emitted by a hand-piece with a flat-top profile at an irradiation set up of 60 J/cm2 (1 W, 1 W/cm2; 60 s, continuous wave) regulates bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) differentiation toward osteogenesis. Considering the importance of actin cytoskeleton reorganization, which controls a range of cell metabolic activities, comprising shape change, proliferation and differentiation, the aim of the current work is to assess whether PBM therapy, using a flat-top hand-piece at higher-fluence irradiation on BMSCs, is able to switch photon signals into the stimulation of biochemical/differentiating pathways involving key activators that regulate de novo actin polymerization. Namely, for the first time, we unearthed the role of the flat-top hand-piece at higher-fluence irradiation on cytoskeletal characteristics of BMSCs. These novel findings meet the needs of novel therapeutically protocols provided by laser treatment and the manipulation of BMSCs as anti-inflammatory, osteo-inductive platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Amaroli
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (D.I.S.C.), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetzkaya St., 8, Bd. 2, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Giovanna Sabbieti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Luigi Marchetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Angelina O Zekiy
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetzkaya St., 8, Bd. 2, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoliy S Utyuzh
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetzkaya St., 8, Bd. 2, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Fulvio Laus
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (D.I.S.C.), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy.
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9
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Castellanos-Martínez R, Jiménez-Camacho KE, Schnoor M. Cortactin Expression in Hematopoietic Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:958-967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Sharafutdinov I, Backert S, Tegtmeyer N. Cortactin: A Major Cellular Target of the Gastric Carcinogen Helicobacter pylori. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E159. [PMID: 31936446 PMCID: PMC7017262 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin is an actin binding protein and actin nucleation promoting factor regulating cytoskeletal rearrangements in nearly all eukaryotic cell types. From this perspective, cortactin poses an attractive target for pathogens to manipulate a given host cell to their own benefit. One of the pathogens following this strategy is Helicobacter pylori, which can cause a variety of gastric diseases and has been shown to be the major risk factor for the onset of gastric cancer. During infection of gastric epithelial cells, H. pylori hijacks the cellular kinase signaling pathways, leading to the disruption of key cell functions. Specifically, by overruling the phosphorylation status of cortactin, H. pylori alternates the activity of molecular interaction partners of this important protein, thereby manipulating the performance of actin-cytoskeletal rearrangements and cell movement. In addition, H. pylori utilizes a unique mechanism to activate focal adhesion kinase, which subsequently prevents host epithelial cells from extensive lifting from the extracellular matrix in order to achieve chronic infection in the human stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; (I.S.); (S.B.)
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11
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Noi M, Mukaisho KI, Yoshida S, Murakami S, Koshinuma S, Adachi T, Machida Y, Yamori M, Nakayama T, Yamamoto G, Sugihara H. ERK phosphorylation functions in invadopodia formation in tongue cancer cells in a novel silicate fibre-based 3D cell culture system. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:30. [PMID: 30344309 PMCID: PMC6196225 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To screen for additional treatment targets against tongue cancer, we evaluated the contributions of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), AKT and ezrin in cancer development. Immunohistochemical staining showed that ERK and ezrin expressions were significantly higher in invasive squamous cell carcinoma than in carcinoma in situ. To investigate the roles of ERK and ezrin in cancer development, we used the non-woven silica fibre sheet CellbedTM with a structure resembling the loose connective tissue morphology in a novel 3D culture system. We confirmed that the 3D system using CellbedTM accurately mimicked cancer cell morphology in vivo. Furthermore, cell projections were much more apparent in 3D-cultured tongue cancer cell lines than in 2D cultures. Typically, under conventional 2D culture conditions, F-actin and cortactin are colocalized in the form of puncta within cells. However, in the 3D-cultured cells, colocalization was mainly observed at the cell margins, including the projections. Projections containing F-actin and cortactin colocalization were predicted to be invadopodia. Although suppressing ezrin expression with small interfering RNA transfection caused no marked changes in morphology, cell projection formation was decreased, and the tumour thickness in vertical sections after 3D culture was markedly decreased after suppressing ERK activity because both the invasion ability and proliferation were inhibited. An association between cortactin activation as well as ERK activity and invadopodia formation was detected. Our novel 3D culture systems using Cellbed™ are simple and useful for in vitro studies before conducting animal experiments. ERK contributes to tongue cancer development by increasing both cancer cell proliferation and migration via cortactin activation. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) are enzymes that are involved in a variety of cell functions, and one in vitro study suggests that ERKs play a role in tongue cancer development by increasing cancer cell proliferation and migration. Using a novel 3-D cell culture system called Cellbed to mimic cancer cell morphology, a team headed by Ken-ichi Mukaisho at Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan found that ERKs activate cortactin (a protein located in the cell cytoplasm) and contribute to the formation of invadopodia (invasive cell protrusions associated with cancer cells) in tongue cancer cells and tumor development. The authors conclude that experimental 3-D cell culture systems employing Cellbed are easily implemented and useful for in vitro studies before conducting animal experiments and that they can be widely applied in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Noi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Mukaisho
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Saori Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shoko Murakami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shinya Koshinuma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- Dental Oral Surgery, Nagahama Red Cross Hospital, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshisato Machida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takahisa Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Gaku Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugihara
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan
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12
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Tanimura S, Takeda K. ERK signalling as a regulator of cell motility. J Biochem 2017; 162:145-154. [PMID: 28903547 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is regulated by multiple processes, including cell protrusion, cell retraction, cell-matrix adhesion, polarized exocytosis and polarized vesicle trafficking, each of which is spatiotemporally controlled by various intracellular signalling pathways. Dysregulation of cell motility leads to pathological conditions, such as tumour invasion and metastasis. Accumulating evidence has revealed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling is one of the critical regulators of cell motility, although it is classically known as an important regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival through regulation of gene expression. ERK and its downstream kinase, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), dynamically regulate cell motility mainly through direct phosphorylation of various molecules that are not necessarily involved in the regulation of gene transcription and translation. In this review, we summarize how ERK signalling regulates cell motility by focusing on the components of the cell motility machinery that are directly regulated by ERK or RSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanimura
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Takeda
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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13
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Bagnato P, Castagnino A, Cortese K, Bono M, Grasso S, Bellese G, Daniele T, Lundmark R, Defilippi P, Castagnola P, Tacchetti C. Cooperative but distinct early co-signaling events originate from ERBB2 and ERBB1 receptors upon trastuzumab treatment in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60109-60122. [PMID: 28947957 PMCID: PMC5601125 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB2 receptor belongs to the ERBB tyrosine kinase receptor family. At variance to the other family members, ERBB2 is a constitutively active orphan receptor. Upon ligand binding and activation, ERBB receptors form homo- or hetero-dimers with the other family members, including ERBB2, promoting an intracellular signaling cascade. ERBB2 is the preferred dimerization partner and ERBB2 heterodimers signaling is stronger and longer acting compared to heterodimers between other ERBB members. The specific contribution of ERBB2 in heterodimer signaling is still undefined. Here we report the formation of circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs) upon treatment of the ERBB2-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines SK-BR-3 and ZR751 with Trastuzumab, a therapeutic humanized monoclonal antibody directed against ERBB2. We found that in SK-BR-3 cells Trastuzumab leads to surface redistribution of ERBB2 and ERBB1 in CDRs, and that the ERBB2-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation and ERBB1 expression are both required for CDR formation. In particular, in these cells CDR formation requires activation of both the protein regulator of actin polymerization N-WASP, mediated by ERK1/2, and of the actin depolymerizing protein cofilin, mediated by ERBB1. Furthermore, we suggest that this latter event may be inhibited by the negative cell motility regulator p140Cap, as we found that p140Cap overexpression led to cofilin deactivation and inhibition of CDR formation. In conclusion, here we show for the first time an ERBB2-specific signaling contribution to an ERBB2/ERBB1 heterodimer, in the activation of a complex biological process such as the formation of CDRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bagnato
- DIMES, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Anatomia Umana, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessia Castagnino
- DIMES, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Anatomia Umana, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- DIMES, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Anatomia Umana, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Bono
- DIMES, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Anatomia Umana, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Grasso
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre and Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, Torino, Italy
| | - Grazia Bellese
- DIMES, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Anatomia Umana, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Daniele
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Experimental Imaging Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Lundmark
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre and Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizio Castagnola
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU - San Martino - IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- DIMES, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Anatomia Umana, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Experimental Imaging Centre, Milan, Italy
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14
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González-Jamett AM, Guerra MJ, Olivares MJ, Haro-Acuña V, Baéz-Matus X, Vásquez-Navarrete J, Momboisse F, Martinez-Quiles N, Cárdenas AM. The F-Actin Binding Protein Cortactin Regulates the Dynamics of the Exocytotic Fusion Pore through its SH3 Domain. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:130. [PMID: 28522963 PMCID: PMC5415606 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon cell stimulation, the network of cortical actin filaments is rearranged to facilitate the neurosecretory process. This actin rearrangement includes both disruption of the preexisting actin network and de novo actin polymerization. However, the mechanism by which a Ca2+ signal elicits the formation of new actin filaments remains uncertain. Cortactin, an actin-binding protein that promotes actin polymerization in synergy with the nucleation promoting factor N-WASP, could play a key role in this mechanism. We addressed this hypothesis by analyzing de novo actin polymerization and exocytosis in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells expressing different cortactin or N-WASP domains, or cortactin mutants that fail to interact with proline-rich domain (PRD)-containing proteins, including N-WASP, or to be phosphorylated by Ca2+-dependent kinases, such as ERK1/2 and Src. Our results show that the activation of nicotinic receptors in chromaffin cells promotes cortactin translocation to the cell cortex, where it colocalizes with actin filaments. We further found that, in association with PRD-containing proteins, cortactin contributes to the Ca2+-dependent formation of F-actin, and regulates fusion pore dynamics and the number of exocytotic events induced by activation of nicotinic receptors. However, whereas the actions of cortactin on the fusion pore dynamics seems to depend on the availability of monomeric actin and its phosphorylation by ERK1/2 and Src kinases, cortactin regulates the extent of exocytosis by a mechanism independent of actin polymerization. Together our findings point out a role for cortactin as a critical modulator of actin filament formation and exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlek M González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - María J Guerra
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - María J Olivares
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Valentina Haro-Acuña
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Ximena Baéz-Matus
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Jacqueline Vásquez-Navarrete
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Fanny Momboisse
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Narcisa Martinez-Quiles
- Departamento de Microbiología (Inmunología), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
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15
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Turro E, Greene D, Wijgaerts A, Thys C, Lentaigne C, Bariana TK, Westbury SK, Kelly AM, Selleslag D, Stephens JC, Papadia S, Simeoni I, Penkett CJ, Ashford S, Attwood A, Austin S, Bakchoul T, Collins P, Deevi SVV, Favier R, Kostadima M, Lambert MP, Mathias M, Millar CM, Peerlinck K, Perry DJ, Schulman S, Whitehorn D, Wittevrongel C, De Maeyer M, Rendon A, Gomez K, Erber WN, Mumford AD, Nurden P, Stirrups K, Bradley JR, Raymond FL, Laffan MA, Van Geet C, Richardson S, Freson K, Ouwehand WH. A dominant gain-of-function mutation in universal tyrosine kinase SRC causes thrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis, bleeding, and bone pathologies. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:328ra30. [PMID: 26936507 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad7666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Src family kinase (SFK) member SRC is a major target in drug development because it is activated in many human cancers, yet deleterious SRC germline mutations have not been reported. We used genome sequencing and Human Phenotype Ontology patient coding to identify a gain-of-function mutation in SRC causing thrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis, bleeding, and bone pathologies in nine cases. Modeling of the E527K substitution predicts loss of SRC's self-inhibitory capacity, which we confirmed with in vitro studies showing increased SRC kinase activity and enhanced Tyr(419) phosphorylation in COS-7 cells overexpressing E527K SRC. The active form of SRC predominates in patients' platelets, resulting in enhanced overall tyrosine phosphorylation. Patients with myelofibrosis have hypercellular bone marrow with trilineage dysplasia, and their stem cells grown in vitro form more myeloid and megakaryocyte (MK) colonies than control cells. These MKs generate platelets that are dysmorphic, low in number, highly variable in size, and have a paucity of α-granules. Overactive SRC in patient-derived MKs causes a reduction in proplatelet formation, which can be rescued by SRC kinase inhibition. Stem cells transduced with lentiviral E527K SRC form MKs with a similar defect and enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation levels. Patient-derived and E527K-transduced MKs show Y419 SRC-positive stained podosomes that induce altered actin organization. Expression of mutated src in zebrafish recapitulates patients' blood and bone phenotypes. Similar studies of platelets and MKs may reveal the mechanism underlying the severe bleeding frequently observed in cancer patients treated with next-generation SFK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Turro
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Daniel Greene
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Anouck Wijgaerts
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Thys
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claire Lentaigne
- Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College Academic Health Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK. Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Tadbir K Bariana
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia Centre and Thrombosis Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Sarah K Westbury
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8DZ, UK
| | - Anne M Kelly
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Dominik Selleslag
- Academisch Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende, 8000 Brugge, Belgium
| | - Jonathan C Stephens
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Sofia Papadia
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Ilenia Simeoni
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Christopher J Penkett
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Sofie Ashford
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Antony Attwood
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Steve Austin
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sri V V Deevi
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Rémi Favier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, 75012 Paris, France. INSERM U1170, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Myrto Kostadima
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Michele P Lambert
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mary Mathias
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Carolyn M Millar
- Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College Academic Health Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK. Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Kathelijne Peerlinck
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David J Perry
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sol Schulman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Deborah Whitehorn
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Christine Wittevrongel
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marc De Maeyer
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology Section, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Augusto Rendon
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. Genomics England Ltd., London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Keith Gomez
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia Centre and Thrombosis Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Wendy N Erber
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia WA 6009, Australia
| | - Andrew D Mumford
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8DZ, UK. School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Paquita Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire LIRYC, PTIB, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Kathleen Stirrups
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - John R Bradley
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. Research and Development, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael A Laffan
- Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College Academic Health Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK. Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Chris Van Geet
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Richardson
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK. Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
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16
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Stamatovic SM, Sladojevic N, Keep RF, Andjelkovic AV. PDCD10 (CCM3) regulates brain endothelial barrier integrity in cerebral cavernous malformation type 3: role of CCM3-ERK1/2-cortactin cross-talk. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 130:731-50. [PMID: 26385474 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of brain endothelial barrier integrity is critical for cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) lesion development. The current study investigates changes in tight junction (TJ) complex organization when PDCD10 (CCM3) is mutated/depleted in human brain endothelial cells. Analysis of lesions with CCM3 mutation and brain endothelial cells transfected with CCM3 siRNA (CCM3-knockdown) showed little or no increase in TJ transmembrane and scaffolding proteins mRNA expression, but proteins levels were generally decreased. CCM3-knockdown cells had a redistribution of claudin-5 and occludin from the membrane to the cytosol with no alterations in protein turnover but with diminished protein-protein interactions with ZO-1 and ZO-1 interaction with the actin cytoskeleton. The most profound effect of CCM3 mutation/depletion was on an actin-binding protein, cortactin. CCM3 depletion caused cortactin Ser-phosphorylation, dissociation from ZO-1 and actin, redistribution to the cytosol and degradation. This affected cortical actin ring organization, TJ complex stability and consequently barrier integrity, with constant hyperpermeability to inulin. A potential link between CCM3 depletion and altered cortactin was tonic activation of MAP kinase ERK1/2. ERK1/2 inhibition increased cortactin expression and incorporation into the TJ complex and improved barrier integrity. This study highlights the potential role of CCM3 in regulating TJ complex organization and brain endothelial barrier permeability.
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Markwell SM, Weed SA. Tumor and stromal-based contributions to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:382-406. [PMID: 25734659 PMCID: PMC4381264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is typically diagnosed at advanced stages with evident loco-regional and/or distal metastases. The prevalence of metastatic lesions directly correlates with poor patient outcome, resulting in high patient mortality rates following metastatic development. The progression to metastatic disease requires changes not only in the carcinoma cells, but also in the surrounding stromal cells and tumor microenvironment. Within the microenvironment, acellular contributions from the surrounding extracellular matrix, along with contributions from various infiltrating immune cells, tumor associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells facilitate the spread of tumor cells from the primary site to the rest of the body. Thus far, most attempts to limit metastatic spread through therapeutic intervention have failed to show patient benefit in clinic trails. The goal of this review is highlight the complexity of invasion-promoting interactions in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment, focusing on contributions from tumor and stromal cells in order to assist future therapeutic development and patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markwell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Scott A Weed
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Chapnick DA, Bunker E, Liu X. A biosensor for the activity of the "sheddase" TACE (ADAM17) reveals novel and cell type-specific mechanisms of TACE activation. Sci Signal 2015; 8:rs1. [PMID: 25714465 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diverse environmental conditions stimulate protein "shedding" from the cell surface through proteolytic cleavage. The protease TACE [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)--converting enzyme, encoded by ADAM17] mediates protein shedding, thereby regulating the maturation and release of various extracellular substrates, such as growth factors and cytokines, that induce diverse cellular responses. We developed a FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer)-based biosensor called TSen that quantitatively reports the kinetics of TACE activity in live cells. In combination with chemical biology approaches, we used TSen to probe the dependence of TACE activation on the induction of the kinases p38 and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) in various epithelial cell lines. Using TSen, we found that disruption of the actin cytoskeleton in keratinocytes induced rapid and robust TSen cleavage and the accumulation of TACE at the plasma membrane. Cytoskeletal disruption also increased the cleavage of endogenous TACE substrates, including transforming growth factor-α. Thus, TSen is a useful tool for unraveling the mechanisms underlying the spatiotemporal activation of TACE in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Chapnick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 596 UCB, University of Colorado, Jennie Smoly Caruthers Biotechnology Building (JSCBB), 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Eric Bunker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 596 UCB, University of Colorado, Jennie Smoly Caruthers Biotechnology Building (JSCBB), 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Xuedong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 596 UCB, University of Colorado, Jennie Smoly Caruthers Biotechnology Building (JSCBB), 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
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Gov NS, Bernheim-Groswasser A. Releasing the brakes while hanging on: Cortactin effects on actin-driven motility. BIOARCHITECTURE 2014; 2:11-14. [PMID: 22754622 PMCID: PMC3383711 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.19739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Actin polymerization plays a major role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, vesicle trafficking, and pathogen propulsion. The transformation of the (protrusive) polymerization forces into directed motion requires that the growing filaments are positioned next to the surface. This is achieved by localization of surface actin nucleators (WASP), which then activate Arp2/3 complex to form new actin branches. Yet, the same surface-bound WASP molecule which initiates the nucleation of new actin branches, also inherently prevents the translation of the polymerization forces into motion, essentially because the WASP molecule has to be in contact with the network during the formation of the new branch. In our recent paper we show that cortactin relaxes this internal inhibition by enhancing the release of WASP-VCA molecule from the new branching site after nucleation is initiated. We show that this enhanced release has two major effects; it increases the turnover rate of branching per WASP molecule, and it decreases the friction-like force caused by the binding of the moving surface with respect to the growing actin network.
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20
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Vistein R, Puthenveedu MA. Src regulates sequence-dependent beta-2 adrenergic receptor recycling via cortactin phosphorylation. Traffic 2014; 15:1195-205. [PMID: 25077552 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of internalized signaling receptors, which has direct functional consequences, is subject to multiple sequence and biochemical requirements. Why signaling receptors recycle via a specialized pathway, unlike many other proteins that recycle by bulk, is a fundamental unanswered question. Here, we show that these specialized pathways allow selective control of signaling receptor recycling by heterologous signaling. Using assays to visualize receptor recycling in living cells, we show that the recycling of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR), a prototypic signaling receptor, is regulated by Src family kinases. The target of Src is cortactin, an essential factor for B2AR sorting into specialized recycling microdomains on the endosome. Phosphorylation of a single cortactin residue, Y466, regulates the rate of fission of B2AR recycling vesicles from these microdomains and, therefore, the rate of delivery of B2AR to the cell surface. Together, our results indicate that actin-stabilized microdomains that mediate signaling receptor recycling can serve as a functional point of convergence for crosstalk between signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Vistein
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, MI202, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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21
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TREK-King the Blood–Brain-Barrier. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:293-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Navratil AM, Dozier MG, Whitesell JD, Clay CM, Roberson MS. Role of cortactin in dynamic actin remodeling events in gonadotrope cells. Endocrinology 2014; 155:548-57. [PMID: 24274984 PMCID: PMC3891938 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
GnRH induces marked activation of the actin cytoskeleton in gonadotropes; however, the physiological consequences and cellular mechanisms responsible have yet to be fully elucidated. The current studies focus on the actin scaffolding protein cortactin. Using the gonadotrope-derived αT3-1 cell line, we found that cortactin is phosphorylated at Y(421), S(405), and S(418) in a time-dependent manner in response to the GnRH agonist buserelin (GnRHa). GnRHa induced translocation of cortactin to the leading edge of the plasma membrane where it colocalizes with actin and actin-related protein 3 (Arp3). Incubation of αT3-1 cells with the c-src inhibitor phosphoprotein phosphatase 1, blocked tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin, reduced cortactin association with Arp3, and blunted actin reorganization in response to GnRHa. Additionally, we used RNA silencing strategies to knock down cortactin in αT3-1 cells. Knockdown of cortactin blocked the ability of αT3-1 cells to generate filopodia, lamellipodia, and membrane ruffles in response to GnRHa. We show that lamellipodia and filopodia are capable of LHβ mobilization in primary pituitary culture after GnRHa treatment, and disruption of these structures using jasplakinolide reduces LH secretion. Collectively, our findings suggest that after GnRHa activation, src activity leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin, which facilitates its association with Arp3 to engage the actin cytoskeleton. The reorganization of actin by cortactin potentially underlies GnRHa-induced secretory events within αT3-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Navratil
- College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Zoology and Physiology (A.M.N., M.G.D.), University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology (J.D.W.) and Biomedical Sciences (C.M.C.), Colorado State University, Ft Collins, Colorado, 80523; and College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences (M.S.R.), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Samuelson DR, Konkel ME. Serine phosphorylation of cortactin is required for maximal host cell invasion by Campylobacter jejuni. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:82. [PMID: 24188565 PMCID: PMC3832248 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni causes acute disease characterized by severe diarrhea containing blood and leukocytes, fever, and abdominal cramping. Disease caused by C. jejuni is dependent on numerous bacterial and host factors. C. jejuni invasion of the intestinal epithelial cells is seen in both clinical samples and animal models indicating that host cell invasion is, in part, necessary for disease. C. jejuni utilizes a flagellar Type III Secretion System (T3SS) to deliver the Campylobacter invasion antigens (Cia) to host cells. The Cia proteins modulate host cell signaling leading to actin cytoskeleton rearrangement necessary for C. jejuni host cell invasion, and are required for the development of disease. RESULTS This study was based on the hypothesis that the C. jejuni CiaD effector protein mediates Erk 1/2 dependent cytoskeleton rearrangement. We showed that CiaD was required for the maximal phosphorylation of Erk 1/2 by performing an immunoblot with a p-Erk 1/2 specific antibody and that Erk 1/2 participates in C. jejuni invasion of host cells by performing the gentamicin protection assay in the presence and absence of the PD98059 (a potent inhibitor of Erk 1/2 activation). CiaD was also found to be required for the maximal phosphorylation of cortactin S405 and S418, as judged by immunoblot analysis. The response of human INT 407 epithelial cells to infection with C. jejuni was evaluated by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to determine the extent of membrane ruffling. This analysis revealed that CiaD, Erk 1/2, and cortactin participate in C. jejuni-induced membrane ruffling. Finally, cortactin and N-WASP were found to be involved in C. jejuni invasion of host cells using siRNA to N-WASP, and siRNA to cortactin, coupled with the gentamicin protection assay. CONCLUSION We conclude that CiaD is involved in the activation of Erk 1/2 and that activated Erk 1/2 facilitates C. jejuni invasion by phosphorylation of cortactin on serine 405 and 418. This is the first time that cortactin and N-WASP have been shown to be involved in C. jejuni invasion of host cells. These data also provide a mechanistic basis for the requirement of Erk 1/2 in C. jejuni-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael E Konkel
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Life Sciences Bldg, Room 302c, Pullman, Washington 99164-7520, USA.
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MacGrath SM, Koleske AJ. Cortactin in cell migration and cancer at a glance. J Cell Sci 2013; 125:1621-6. [PMID: 22566665 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.093781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey M MacGrath
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Wilkerson PM, Reis-Filho JS. the 11q13-q14 amplicon: Clinicopathological correlations and potential drivers. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 52:333-55. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Zhao J, Wei J, Mialki R, Zou C, Mallampalli RK, Zhao Y. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) regulates cortactin ubiquitination and degradation in lung epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19105-14. [PMID: 22514278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.339507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin, an actin-binding protein, is essential for cell growth and motility. We have shown that cortactin is regulated by reversible phosphorylation, but little is known regarding cortactin protein stability. Here, we show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cortactin degradation is mediated by extracellular regulated signal kinase (ERK). LPS induces cortactin serine phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation in mouse lung epithelia, an effect abrogated by ERK inhibition. Serine phosphorylation sites mutant, cortactin(S405A/S418A), enhances its protein stability. Cortactin is polyubiquitinated and degraded within the proteasome, whereas a cortactin(K79R) mutant exhibited proteolytic stability during cyclohexamide (CHX) or LPS treatment. The E3 ligase subunit β-Trcp interacts with cortactin, and its overexpression reduced cortactin protein levels, an effect attenuated by ERK inhibition. Overexpression of β-Trcp was sufficient to reduce the protective effects of exogenous cortactin on epithelial cell barrier integrity, an effect not observed after expression of a cortactin(K79R) mutant. These results provide evidence that LPS modulation of cortactin stability is coordinately regulated by stress kinases and the ubiquitin-proteasomal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Lauritzen G, Stock CM, Lemaire J, Lund SF, Jensen MF, Damsgaard B, Petersen KS, Wiwel M, Rønnov-Jessen L, Schwab A, Pedersen SF. The Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1, but not the Na+, cotransporter NBCn1, regulates motility of MCF7 breast cancer cells expressing constitutively active ErbB2. Cancer Lett 2012; 317:172-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cortactin controls cell motility and lamellipodial dynamics by regulating ECM secretion. Curr Biol 2012; 21:1460-9. [PMID: 21856159 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched actin assembly is critical for both cell motility and membrane trafficking. The branched actin regulator cortactin is generally considered to promote cell migration by controlling leading-edge lamellipodial dynamics. However, recent reports indicate that lamellipodia are not required for cell movement, suggesting an alternate mechanism. RESULTS Because cortactin also regulates membrane trafficking and adhesion dynamics, we hypothesized that altered secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) and/or integrin trafficking might underlie motility defects of cortactin-knockdown (KD) cells. Consistent with a primary defect in ECM secretion, both motility and lamellipodial defects of cortactin-KD cells were fully rescued by plating on increasing concentrations of exogenous ECM. Furthermore, cortactin-KD cell speed defects were rescued on cell-free autocrine ECM produced by control cells, but not on ECM produced by cortactin-KD cells. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that whereas endocytosed fibronectin (FN) is redeposited at the basal cell surface by control cells, cortactin-KD cells exhibit defective FN secretion and abnormal FN retention in a late endocytic/lysosomal compartment. Cortactin-KD motility and FN deposition defects were phenocopied by KD in control cells of the lysosomal fusion regulator synaptotagmin-7. Rescue of cortactin-KD cells by expression of cortactin-binding domain mutants revealed that interaction with the Arp2/3 complex and actin filaments is essential for rescue of both cell motility and autocrine ECM secretion phenotypes, whereas binding of SH3-domain partners is not required. CONCLUSIONS Efficient cell motility, promoted by cortactin regulation of branched actin networks, involves processing and resecretion of internalized ECM from a late endosomal/lysosomal compartment.
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