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Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang X. Advances in epigenetic alterations of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: from pathogenesis to treatment. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:54. [PMID: 38492089 PMCID: PMC10944427 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with alterations in genetic expression and epigenetic modifications. In recent years, the new insight into epigenetics in the pathogenesis of CLL has been developed considerably, including DNA methylation, histone modification, RNA methylation, non-coding RNAs as well as chromatin remodeling. Epigenetic modification regulates various processes such as stem cell biology, cell growth, and tumorigenesis without altering gene sequence. Growing evidence indicates that the disturbance of gene expression profiles which were regulated by epigenetic modifications exerts vital roles in the development and progress in CLL, which provides novel perspectives to explore the etiology of CLL. In addition, the integration with epigenetic therapeutic targets and the in-depth understanding of epigenetic therapy contribute to develop new therapeutic strategies for CLL. Herein, the present review discusses the advances of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognostic assessment of CLL patients and also highlights existing and emerging agents targeting epigenetic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, China.
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2
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Ali A, Mahla SB, Reza V, Hossein A, Bahareh K, Mohammad H, Fatemeh S, Mostafa AB, Leili R. MicroRNAs: Potential prognostic and theranostic biomarkers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. EJHAEM 2024; 5:191-205. [PMID: 38406506 PMCID: PMC10887358 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Small noncoding ribonucleic acids called microRNAs coordinate numerous critical physiological and biological processes such as cell division, proliferation, and death. These regulatory molecules interfere with the function of many genes by binding the 3'-UTR region of target mRNAs to inhibit their translation or even degrade them. Given that a large proportion of miRNAs behave as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes, any genetic or epigenetic aberration changeing their structure and/or function could initiate tumor formation and development. An example of such cancers is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most prevalent adult leukemia in Western nations, which is caused by unregulated growth and buildup of defective cells in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs. Genetic alterations at cellular and molecular levels play an important role in the occurrence and development of CLL. In this vein, it was noted that the development of this disease is noticeably affected by changes in the expression and function of miRNAs. Many studies on miRNAs have shown that these molecules are pivotal in the prognosis of different cancers, including CLL, and their epigenetic alterations (e.g., methylation) can predict disease progression and response to treatment. Furthermore, miRNAs are involved in the development of drug resistance in CLL, and targeting these molecules can be considered a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of this disease. MiRNA screening can offer important information on the etiology and development of CLL. Considering the importance of miRNAs in gene expression regulation, their application in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of CLL is reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afgar Ali
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in IranKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Sattarzadeh Bardsiri Mahla
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Innovation CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Vahidi Reza
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in IranKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Arezoomand Hossein
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Kashani Bahareh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hosseininaveh Mohammad
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in IranKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Sharifi Fatemeh
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious DiseasesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Amopour Bahnamiry Mostafa
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research ComplexPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Rouhi Leili
- Student Research CommitteeKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
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3
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Autore F, Ramassone A, Stirparo L, Pagotto S, Fresa A, Innocenti I, Visone R, Laurenti L. Role of microRNAs in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12471. [PMID: 37569845 PMCID: PMC10419063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in adults, with a highly variable clinical course. Improvement in the knowledge of the molecular pathways behind this disease has led to the development of increasingly specific therapies, such as BCR signaling inhibitors and BCL-2 inhibitors. In this context, the emerging role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in CLL pathophysiology and their possible application in therapy is worth noting. MiRNAs are one of the most important regulatory molecules of gene expression. In CLL, they can act both as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and the deregulation of specific miRNAs has been associated with prognosis, progression, and drug resistance. In this review, we describe the role of the miRNAs that primarily impact the disease, and how these miRNAs could be used as therapeutic tools. Certainly, the use of miRNAs in clinical practice is still limited in CLL. Many issues still need to be solved, particularly regarding their biological and safety profile, even if several studies have suggested their efficacy on the disease, alone or in combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Autore
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy (A.F.); (I.I.); (L.L.)
| | - Alice Ramassone
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.R.); (S.P.); (R.V.)
| | - Luca Stirparo
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy (A.F.); (I.I.); (L.L.)
| | - Sara Pagotto
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.R.); (S.P.); (R.V.)
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Fresa
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy (A.F.); (I.I.); (L.L.)
| | - Idanna Innocenti
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy (A.F.); (I.I.); (L.L.)
| | - Rosa Visone
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.R.); (S.P.); (R.V.)
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy (A.F.); (I.I.); (L.L.)
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
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4
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Epigenetic regulation of human non-coding RNA gene transcription. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:723-736. [PMID: 35285478 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations on the non-protein-coding transcriptome of human cells have revealed previously hidden layers of gene regulation relying on regulatory non-protein-coding (nc) RNAs, including the widespread ncRNA-dependent regulation of epigenetic chromatin states and of mRNA translation and stability. However, despite its centrality, the epigenetic regulation of ncRNA genes has received relatively little attention. In this mini-review, we attempt to provide a synthetic account of recent literature suggesting an unexpected complexity in chromatin-dependent regulation of ncRNA gene transcription by the three human nuclear RNA polymerases. Emerging common features, like the heterogeneity of chromatin states within ncRNA multigene families and their influence on 3D genome organization, point to unexplored issues whose investigation could lead to a better understanding of the whole human epigenomic network.
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Rastorgueva E, Liamina D, Panchenko I, Iurova E, Beloborodov E, Pogodina E, Dmitrii S, Slesarev S, Saenko Y. The effect of chromosome abnormalities on expression of SnoRNA in radioresistant and radiosensitive cell lines after irradiation. Cancer Biomark 2022; 34:545-553. [PMID: 35275519 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have studied the role of chromosomal abnormalities in the expression of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) of radioresistant (K562) and radiosensitive (HL-60) leukemia cell line. Cells were exposed to an X-ray dose of 4 Gy. SnoRNA expression was investigated using NGS sequencing. The distribution of expressed snoRNAs on chromosomes has been found to be different for two cell lines. The most significant differences in the expression of snoRNAs were found in the K562 cell line based on the analysis of the dynamics of log2fc values. The type of clustering, the number and type of snoRNAs slightly differed in the chromosomes with trisomy and monosomy and had a pronounced difference in pairs with marker chromosomes in both cell lines. In this study, we have demonstrated that chromosomal abnormalities alter the expression of snoRNA after irradiation. Trisomies and monosomies do not have such a noticeable effect on the expression of snoRNAs as the presence of marker chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Rastorgueva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian.,Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian
| | - Daria Liamina
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian
| | - Ivan Panchenko
- Second Surgical Department, Ulyanovsk Oncology Center, Ulyanovsk, Russian
| | - Elena Iurova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian
| | - Evgenii Beloborodov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian
| | - Evgeniya Pogodina
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian
| | - Sugak Dmitrii
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian
| | - Sergei Slesarev
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Natural Resources Management, Faculty of Ecology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
| | - Yury Saenko
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian
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Grenda A, Filip AA, Wąsik-Szczepanek E. Inside the chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell: miRNA and chromosomal aberrations. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:65. [PMID: 34981813 PMCID: PMC8767551 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in microRNA (miRNA/miRs) expression are associated with the occurrence and course of human diseases, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Expression of miRNAs may vary among patients with CLL in different cytogenetic risk groups. The present study assessed the expression levels of the following miRNAs in 35 patients with CLL: hsa‑miR‑15a, ‑16‑1, ‑29a, ‑29c, ‑34a, ‑34b, ‑155, ‑181a, ‑181b, ‑221, ‑222 and ‑223. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was performed for 13q14d, 17p13 and 11q22 deletions and chromosome 12 trisomy. Significantly higher expression levels of miR‑181a, ‑221 and ‑223 were observed in the group at low risk of disease progression (stage 0) compared with the group with high risk of CLL progression (P=0.036, P=0.019 and P=0.038, respectively). The present study revealed that the expression levels of miRNA‑181b and miRNA‑223 were significantly higher in the group of patients without D13S319 deletion (P=0.039 and P=0.037, respectively). Moreover, the expression levels of miR‑15a and miRNA‑29c were demonstrated to be significantly higher in the group of patients with CLL who had a tumor protein p53 deletion, identified by FISH, compared with patients without this lesion (P=0.047, P=0.03 respectively). Based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the present study revealed that miR‑181a, ‑221 and ‑223 expression was able to distinguish low and high risk of CLL progression in patients. Among the tested miRNAs, miRNA‑181a, ‑221 and ‑223 were indicated to have the greatest diagnostic potential in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grenda
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20‑059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata A Filip
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20‑059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Wąsik-Szczepanek
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20‑059 Lublin, Poland
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Seok HJ, Choi YE, Choi JY, Yi JM, Kim EJ, Choi MY, Lee SJ, Bae IH. Novel miR-5088-5p promotes malignancy of breast cancer by inhibiting DBC2. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:127-142. [PMID: 34457998 PMCID: PMC8365326 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in the world. Despite the active research on metastatic breast cancer, the treatment of breast cancer patients is still difficult because the mechanism is not well known. Therefore, research on new targets and mechanisms for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients is required. On the other hand, microRNA (miRNA) has the advantage of simultaneously regulating the expression of many target genes, so it has been proposed as an effective biomarker for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. This study analyzed the role and mechanism of DBC2 (deleted in breast cancer 2), which is known to inhibit its expression in breast cancer, and proposed microRNA (miR)-5088-5p, which regulates its expression. It was revealed that the biogenesis of miR-5088-5p was upregulated by hypomethylation of its promoter, promoted by Fyn, and was involved in malignancy in breast cancer. With the use of the cellular level, clinical samples, and published data, we verified that the expression patterns of DBC2 and miR-5088-5p were negatively related, suggesting the potential as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Seok
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Choi
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Choi
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Mi Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Radiological & Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Choi
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hwa Bae
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Katsaraki K, Karousi P, Artemaki PI, Scorilas A, Pappa V, Kontos CK, Papageorgiou SG. MicroRNAs: Tiny Regulators of Gene Expression with Pivotal Roles in Normal B-Cell Development and B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040593. [PMID: 33546241 PMCID: PMC7913321 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The involvement of miRNAs in physiological cellular processes has been well documented. The development of B cells, which is dictated by a miRNA-transcription factor regulatory network, suggests a typical process partly orchestrated by miRNAs. Besides their contribution in normal hematopoiesis, miRNAs have been severally reported to be implicated in hematological malignancies, a typical example of which is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Numerous studies have attempted to highlight the regulatory role of miRNAs in B-CLL or establish some of them as molecular biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Thus, a critical review summarizing the current knowledge concerning the multifaceted role of miRNAs in normal B-cell development and B-CLL progression, prognosis, and therapy, is urgent. Moreover, this review aims to highlight important miRNAs in both normal B-cell development and B-CLL and discuss future perspectives concerning their regulatory potential and establishment in clinical practice. Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small non-coding RNAs bearing regulatory potency. The implication of miRNAs in physiological cellular processes has been well documented so far. A typical process orchestrated by miRNAs is the normal B-cell development. A stage-specific expression pattern of miRNAs has been reported in the developmental procedure, as well as interactions with transcription factors that dictate B-cell development. Besides their involvement in normal hematopoiesis, miRNAs are severally implicated in hematological malignancies, a typical paradigm of which is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). B-CLL is a highly heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of abnormal B cells in blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. Therefore, timely, specific, and sensitive assessment of the malignancy is vital. Several studies have attempted to highlight the remarkable significance of miRNAs as regulators of gene expression, biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, progression, and therapy response prediction, as well as molecules with potential therapeutic utility. This review seeks to outline the linkage between miRNA function in normal and malignant hematopoiesis by demonstrating the main benchmarks of the implication of miRNAs in the regulation of normal B-cell development, and to summarize the key findings about their value as regulators, biomarkers, or therapeutic targets in B-CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Katsaraki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (P.K.); (P.I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Paraskevi Karousi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (P.K.); (P.I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Pinelopi I. Artemaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (P.K.); (P.I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (P.K.); (P.I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, University General Hospital “Attikon”, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos K. Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (P.K.); (P.I.A.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.K.K.); (S.G.P.); Tel.: +30-210-727-4616 (C.K.K.); +30-210-583-2519 (S.G.P.)
| | - Sotirios G. Papageorgiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, University General Hospital “Attikon”, 12462 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (C.K.K.); (S.G.P.); Tel.: +30-210-727-4616 (C.K.K.); +30-210-583-2519 (S.G.P.)
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9
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Tsagiopoulou M, Chapaprieta V, Duran-Ferrer M, Moysiadi T, Psomopoulos F, Kollia P, Papakonstantinou N, Campo E, Stamatopoulos K, Martin-Subero JI. Chronic lymphocytic leukemias with trisomy 12 show a distinct DNA methylation profile linked to altered chromatin activation. Haematologica 2020; 105:2864-2867. [PMID: 33256389 PMCID: PMC7716362 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.240721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsagiopoulou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vicente Chapaprieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Duran-Ferrer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Theodoros Moysiadi
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fotis Psomopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Panagoula Kollia
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Papakonstantinou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elias Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kiostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jose I. Martin-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Wierzbinska JA, Toth R, Ishaque N, Rippe K, Mallm JP, Klett LC, Mertens D, Zenz T, Hielscher T, Seifert M, Küppers R, Assenov Y, Lutsik P, Stilgenbauer S, Roessner PM, Seiffert M, Byrd J, Oakes CC, Plass C, Lipka DB. Methylome-based cell-of-origin modeling (Methyl-COOM) identifies aberrant expression of immune regulatory molecules in CLL. Genome Med 2020; 12:29. [PMID: 32188505 PMCID: PMC7081711 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In cancer, normal epigenetic patterns are disturbed and contribute to gene expression changes, disease onset, and progression. The cancer epigenome is composed of the epigenetic patterns present in the tumor-initiating cell at the time of transformation, and the tumor-specific epigenetic alterations that are acquired during tumor initiation and progression. The precise dissection of these two components of the tumor epigenome will facilitate a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying malignant transformation. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) originates from differentiating B cells, which undergo extensive epigenetic programming. This poses the challenge to precisely determine the epigenomic ground state of the cell-of-origin in order to identify CLL-specific epigenetic aberrations. Methods We developed a linear regression model, methylome-based cell-of-origin modeling (Methyl-COOM), to map the cell-of-origin for individual CLL patients based on the continuum of epigenomic changes during normal B cell differentiation. Results Methyl-COOM accurately maps the cell-of-origin of CLL and identifies CLL-specific aberrant DNA methylation events that are not confounded by physiologic epigenetic B cell programming. Furthermore, Methyl-COOM unmasks abnormal action of transcription factors, altered super-enhancer activities, and aberrant transcript expression in CLL. Among the aberrantly regulated transcripts were many genes that have previously been implicated in T cell biology. Flow cytometry analysis of these markers confirmed their aberrant expression on malignant B cells at the protein level. Conclusions Methyl-COOM analysis of CLL identified disease-specific aberrant gene regulation. The aberrantly expressed genes identified in this study might play a role in immune-evasion in CLL and might serve as novel targets for immunotherapy approaches. In summary, we propose a novel framework for in silico modeling of reference DNA methylomes and for the identification of cancer-specific epigenetic changes, a concept that can be broadly applied to other human malignancies. Electronic supplementary material Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s13073-020-00724-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna A Wierzbinska
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reka Toth
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Rippe
- The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Chromatin Networks, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Mallm
- The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Chromatin Networks, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lara C Klett
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Chromatin Networks, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Mertens
- The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Experimental Hematology Lab, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc Seifert
- Group Molecular Genetics, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Group Molecular Genetics, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Yassen Assenov
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavlo Lutsik
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - John Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Christopher C Oakes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Daniel B Lipka
- The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Section Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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11
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Andreani G, Carrà G, Lingua MF, Maffeo B, Brancaccio M, Taulli R, Morotti A. Tumor Suppressors in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Lost Partners to Active Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030629. [PMID: 32182763 PMCID: PMC7139490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressors play an important role in cancer pathogenesis and in the modulation of resistance to treatments. Loss of function of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressors, through genomic inactivation of the gene, disable all the controls that balance growth, survival, and apoptosis, promoting cancer transformation. Parallel to genetic impairments, tumor suppressor products may also be functionally inactivated in the absence of mutations/deletions upon post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications. Because restoring tumor suppressor functions remains the most effective and selective approach to induce apoptosis in cancer, the dissection of mechanisms of tumor suppressor inactivation is advisable in order to further augment targeted strategies. This review will summarize the role of tumor suppressors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and attempt to describe how tumor suppressors can represent new hopes in our arsenal against chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Andreani
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (G.A.); (G.C.); (B.M.)
| | - Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (G.A.); (G.C.); (B.M.)
| | | | - Beatrice Maffeo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (G.A.); (G.C.); (B.M.)
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Taulli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.F.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (G.A.); (G.C.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-9026305
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12
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Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Development of Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy Approaches for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020593. [PMID: 32098192 PMCID: PMC7074107 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, novel targeted therapy approaches, such as BTK inhibitors and Bcl2 blockers, and innovative treatments that regulate the immune response against cancer cells, such as monoclonal antibodies, CAR-T cell therapy, and immunomodulatory molecules, have been established to provide support for the treatment of patients. However, drug resistance development and relapse are still major challenges in CLL treatment. Several studies revealed that non-coding RNAs have a main role in the development and progression of CLL. Specifically, microRNAs (miRs) and tRNA-derived small-RNAs (tsRNAs) were shown to be outstanding biomarkers that can be used to diagnose and monitor the disease and to possibly anticipate drug resistance and relapse, thus supporting physicians in the selection of treatment regimens tailored to the patient needs. In this review, we will summarize the most recent discoveries in the field of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for CLL and discuss the role of ncRNAs in the development of novel drugs and combination regimens for CLL patients.
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13
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Kaur G, Ruhela V, Rani L, Gupta A, Sriram K, Gogia A, Sharma A, Kumar L, Gupta R. RNA-Seq profiling of deregulated miRs in CLL and their impact on clinical outcome. Blood Cancer J 2020; 10:6. [PMID: 31932582 PMCID: PMC6957689 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-019-0272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression patterns of regulatory small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) molecules such as microRNAs (miRs), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) play an important role in the development and progression of cancer. Identification of clinically relevant sncRNA signatures could, therefore, be of tremendous translational value. In the present study, genome-wide small RNA sequencing identified a unique pattern of differential regulation of eight miRs in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Among these, three were up-regulated (miR-1295a, miR-155, miR-4524a) and five were down-regulated (miR-30a, miR-423, miR-486*, let-7e, and miR-744) in CLL. Altered expression of all these eight differentially expressed miRs (DEMs) was validated by RQ-PCR. Besides, seven novel sequences identified to have elevated expression levels in CLL turned out to be transfer RNA (tRNA)/piRNAs (piRNA-30799, piRNA-36225)/snoRNA (SNORD43) related. Multivariate analysis showed that miR-4524a (HR: 1.916, 95% CI: 1.080–3.4, p value: 0.026) and miR-744 (HR: 0.415, 95% CI: 0.224–0.769, p value: 0.005) were significantly associated with risk and time to first treatment. Further investigations could help establish the scope of integration of these DEM markers into risk stratification designs and prognostication approaches for CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Kaur
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Ruhela
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-D), Delhi, India
| | - Lata Rani
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anubha Gupta
- SBILab, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-D), Delhi, India.
| | - Krishnamachari Sriram
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-D), Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Gogia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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14
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The POU2F1/miR-4490/USP22 axis regulates cell proliferation and metastasis in gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:1017-1033. [PMID: 32857323 PMCID: PMC7716863 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing evidence indicates that aberrant expression of microRNAs contributes to tumor development. However, the biological role of microRNA-4490 (miR-4490) in gastric cancer (GC) remains to be clarified. METHODS To explore the function of miR-4490 in GC, we performed colony formation, EdU incorporation, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays. In addition, the growth, migration and invasion capacities of GC cells were evaluated. RESULTS We found that miR-4490 was significantly downregulated in primary GC samples and in GC-derived cell lines compared with normal controls, and that this expression level was negatively correlated with GC malignancy. Exogenous miR-4490 expression not only reduced cell cycle progression and proliferation, but also significantly inhibited GC cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that miR-4490 directly targets USP22, which mediates inhibition of GC cell proliferation and EMT-induced metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found through luciferase and ChIP assays that transcription factor POU2F1 can directly bind to POU2F1 binding sites within the miR-4490 and USP22 promoters and, by doing so, modulate their transcription. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between USP22 and POU2F1 expression and negative correlations between miR-4490 and USP22 as well as miR-4490 and POU2F1 expression in primary GC tissues. CONCLUSION Based on our results we conclude that miR-4490 acts as a tumor suppressor, and that the POU2F1/miR-4490/USP22 axis plays an important role in the regulation of growth, invasion and EMT of GC cells.
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15
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Xanthopoulos C, Kostareli E. Advances in Epigenetics and Epigenomics in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-019-00178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
The development and progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a highly heterogenous B cell malignancy, are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors, including pharmacological interventions, can affect the epigenetic landscape of CLL and thereby determine the CLL phenotype, clonal evolution, and clinical outcome. In this review, we critically present the latest advances in the field of CLL epigenomics/epigenetics in order to provide a systematic overview of to-date achievements and highlight the potential of epigenomics approaches in light of novel treatment therapies.
Recent Findings
Recent technological advances have enabled broad and precise mapping of the CLL epigenome. The identification of CLL-specific DNA methylation patterns has allowed for accurate CLL subtype definition, a better understanding of clonal origin and evolution, and the discovery of reliable biomarkers. More recently, studies have started to unravel the prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic potential of mapping chromatin dynamics and histone modifications in CLL. Finally, analysis of non-coding RNA expression has indicated their contribution to disease pathogenesis and helped to define prognostic subsets in CLL.
Summary
Overall, the potential of CLL epigenomics for predicting treatment response and resistance is mounting, especially with the advent of novel targeted CLL therapies.
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16
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Gomaa A, Peng D, Chen Z, Soutto M, Abouelezz K, Corvalan A, El-Rifai W. Epigenetic regulation of AURKA by miR-4715-3p in upper gastrointestinal cancers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16970. [PMID: 31740746 PMCID: PMC6861278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is frequently overexpressed in several cancers. miRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis indicated significant downregulation of miR-4715-3p. We found that miR-4715-3p has putative binding sites on the 3UTR region of AURKA. Upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma (UGC) tissue samples and cell models demonstrated significant overexpression of AURKA with downregulation of miR-4715-3p. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed binding of miR-4715-3p on the 3UTR region of AURKA. miR-4715-3p mediated a reduction in AURKA levels leading to G2/M delay, chromosomal polyploidy, and cell death. We also detected a remarkable decrease in GPX4, an inhibitor of ferroptosis, with an increase in cleaved PARP and caspase-3. Inhibition of AURKA using siRNA produced similar results, suggesting a possible link between AURKA and GPX4. Analysis of UGC samples and cell models demonstrated increased methylation levels of several CpG nucleotides upstream of miR-4715-3p. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine induced demethylation of several CpG nucleotides, restoring miR-4715-3p expression, leading to downregulation of AURKA. In conclusion, our data identified a novel epigenetic mechanism mediating silencing of miR-4715-3p and induction of AURKA in UGCs. Inhibition of AURKA or reconstitution of miR-4715-3p inhibited GPX4 and induced cell death, suggesting a link between AURKA and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gomaa
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Khaled Abouelezz
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alejandro Corvalan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA.
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17
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Tan Y, Zhang T, Zhou L, Liu S, Liang C. MiR-34b-3p Represses the Multidrug-Chemoresistance of Bladder Cancer Cells by Regulating the CCND2 and P2RY1 Genes. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1323-1335. [PMID: 30778022 PMCID: PMC6391854 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemoresistance is a main limitation in chemotherapy for therapeutic cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) has been indicated in the progression and tumorigenesis of many types of cancer, but the effect of miR-34b-3p in bladder cancer (BCa) cells is still unknown. Material/Methods This research compared the multidrug-sensitive (5637) BCa cell line and the multidrug-resistant (EJ) BCa cell line. We found that CCND2 (G1/S-specific cyclin-D2) and P2RY1 (purinergic receptor P2Y1) were the targets of miR-34b-3p, as further validated by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and western blot analysis. Results Forced reversal of the levels of miR-34b-3p or CCND2/P2RY1 changed the chemoresistance profiles in both 5637 cells and EJ cells. Further experiments suggested that the CCND2 gene and the P2RY1 gene act in concert to negatively correlate with miR-34b-3p effect on BCa multidrug-chemoresistance. Conclusions These results not only reveal new players regulating BCa chemoresistance, but also provide clues for effective chemotherapy for BCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiao Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Department of Urology, West Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Tengyue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, West Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Linyu Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Department of Urology, West Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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18
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Kohnken R, Mishra A. MicroRNAs in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: The Future of Therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:528-534. [PMID: 30686578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, noncoding RNAs with numerous cellular functions. With advancing knowledge of the many functions of miRs in cancer pathogenesis, there is emerging interest in miRs as therapeutic targets in cancers. One disease that poses an intriguing model for miR therapy is cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, a rare disease featuring malignant CD4+ T cells that proliferate in the skin. The hallmark of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma progression is epigenetic dysregulation, with aberrant miR levels being a common feature. This review aims to summarize the rapidly emerging advances in the development of miR-based therapies in cancers, with a special emphasis on CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kohnken
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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19
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Zhang L, Wang L, Dong D, Wang Z, Ji W, Yu M, Zhang F, Niu R, Zhou Y. MiR-34b/c-5p and the neurokinin-1 receptor regulate breast cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12527. [PMID: 30334298 PMCID: PMC6430481 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MiR-34 is a tumour suppressor in breast cancer. Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), which is the predicted target of the miR-34 family, is overexpressed in many cancers. This study investigated the correlation and clinical significance of miR-34 and NK1R in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and luciferase assays were conducted to analyse the regulation of NK1R by miR-34 in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, T47D, SK-BR-3 and HEK-293 T cells. MiR-34b/c-5p, full-length NK1R (NK1R-FL) and truncated NK1R (NK1R-Tr) expression in fifty patients were quantified by qRT-PCR and correlated with their clinicopathological parameters. CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays and flow cytometry were used to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells transfected with miR-34b/c-5p or NK1R-siRNA and before treatment with or without Substance P (SP), an endogenous peptide agonists of NK1R. The effect of NK1R antagonist aprepitant was also investigated. In vivo xenograft models were used to further verify the regulation of NK1R by miR-34b/c-5p. RESULTS Expression levels of miR-34b/c-5p and NK1R-Tr, but not NK1R-FL, were associated with enhanced malignant potential, such as tumour stage and Ki67 expression. The overexpression of miR-34b/c-5p or NK1R silencing potently suppressed cell proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest and the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The NK1R antagonist aprepitant had similar effects. In vivo studies confirmed that miR-34b/c-5p overexpression or NK1R silencing reduced the tumorigenicity of breast cancer. In addition, SP rescued the effects of miR-34b/c-5p overexpression or NK1R silencing on cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo assays. CONCLUSIONS MiR-34b/c-5p and NK1R contribute to breast cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis and are potential targets for breast cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Educational Ministry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lushan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Educational Ministry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Educational Ministry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Educational Ministry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Educational Ministry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Man Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fei Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Educational Ministry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifang Niu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Educational Ministry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Educational Ministry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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20
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MicroRNA miR-34a downregulates FOXP1 during DNA damage response to limit BCR signalling in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia B cells. Leukemia 2018; 33:403-414. [PMID: 30111844 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The variable clinical course in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) largely depends on p53 functionality and B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling propensity; however, it is unclear if there is any crosstalk between these pathways. We show that DNA damage response (DDR) activation leads to down-modulating the transcriptional factor FOXP1, which functions as a positive BCR signalling regulator and its high levels are associated with worse CLL prognosis. We identified microRNA (miRNA) miR-34a as the most prominently upregulated miRNA during DDR in CLL cells in vitro and in vivo during FCR therapy (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab). MiR-34a induced by DDR activation and p53 stabilization potently represses FOXP1 expression by binding in its 3'-UTR. The low FOXP1 levels limit BCR signalling partially via derepressing BCR-inhibitory molecule CD22. We also show that low miR-34a levels can be used as a biomarker for worse response or shorter progression free survival in CLL patients treated with FCR chemoimmunotherapy, and shorter overall survival, irrespective of TP53 status. Additionally, we have developed a method for the absolute quantification of miR-34a copies and defined precise prognostic/predictive cutoffs. Overall, herein, we reveal for the first time that B cells limit their BCR signalling during DDR by down-modulating FOXP1 via DDR-p53/miR-34a axis.
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21
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Kabekkodu SP, Shukla V, Varghese VK, D' Souza J, Chakrabarty S, Satyamoorthy K. Clustered miRNAs and their role in biological functions and diseases. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1955-1986. [PMID: 29797774 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs known to regulate expression of protein-coding genes. A large proportion of miRNAs are highly conserved, localized as clusters in the genome, transcribed together from physically adjacent miRNAs and show similar expression profiles. Since a single miRNA can target multiple genes and miRNA clusters contain multiple miRNAs, it is important to understand their regulation, effects and various biological functions. Like protein-coding genes, miRNA clusters are also regulated by genetic and epigenetic events. These clusters can potentially regulate every aspect of cellular function including growth, proliferation, differentiation, development, metabolism, infection, immunity, cell death, organellar biogenesis, messenger signalling, DNA repair and self-renewal, among others. Dysregulation of miRNA clusters leading to altered biological functions is key to the pathogenesis of many diseases including carcinogenesis. Here, we review recent advances in miRNA cluster research and discuss their regulation and biological functions in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama P Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Vinay K Varghese
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Jeevitha D' Souza
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
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Shao L, Chen Z, Peng D, Soutto M, Zhu S, Bates A, Zhang S, El-Rifai W. Methylation of the HOXA10 Promoter Directs miR-196b-5p-Dependent Cell Proliferation and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:696-706. [PMID: 29453320 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The cross-talk between epigenetics and miRNA expression plays an important role in human tumorigenesis. Herein, the regulation and role of miR-196b-5p in gastric cancer was investigated. qRT-PCR demonstrated that miR-196b-5p is significantly overexpressed in human gastric cancer tissues (P < 0.01). In addition, it was determined that HOXA10, a homeobox family member and host gene for miR-196b-5p, is overexpressed and positively correlated with miR-196b-5p expression levels (P < 0.001). Quantitative pyrosequencing methylation analysis demonstrated significantly lower levels of DNA methylation at the HOXA10 promoter in gastric cancer, as compared with nonneoplastic gastric mucosa specimens. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment confirmed that demethylation of HOXA10 promoter induces the expression of HOXA10 and miR-196b-5p in gastric cancer cell model systems. Using the Tff1 knockout mouse model of gastric neoplasia, hypomethylation and overexpression of HOXA10 and miR-196b-5p in gastric tumors was observed, as compared with normal gastric mucosa from Tff1 wild-type mice. Mechanistically, reconstitution of TFF1 in human gastric cancer cells led to an increased HOXA10 promoter methylation with reduced expression of HOXA10 and miR-196b-5p. Functionally, miR-196b-5p reconstitution promoted human gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro In summary, the current data demonstrate overexpression of miR-196b-5p in gastric cancer and suggest that TFF1 plays an important role in suppressing the expression of miR-196b-5p by mediating DNA methylation of the HOXA10 promoter. Loss of TFF1 expression may promote proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells through induction of promoter hypomethylation and expression of the HOXA10/miR-196b-5p axis.Implications: This study indicates that loss of TFF1 promotes the aberrant overexpression of HOXA10 and miR-196b-5p by demethylation of the HOXA10 promoter, which provides a new perspective of TFF1/HOXA10/miR-196b-5p functions in human gastric cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 16(4); 696-706. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Andreia Bates
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. .,Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, Florida.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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23
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Mansouri L, Wierzbinska JA, Plass C, Rosenquist R. Epigenetic deregulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Clinical and biological impact. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 51:1-11. [PMID: 29427646 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated transcriptional control caused by aberrant DNA methylation and/or histone modifications is a hallmark of cancer cells. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common adult leukemia, the epigenetic 'landscape' has added a new layer of complexity to our understanding of this clinically and biologically heterogeneous disease. Early studies identified aberrant DNA methylation, often based on single gene promoter analysis with both biological and clinical impact. Subsequent genome-wide profiling studies revealed differential DNA methylation between CLLs and controls and in prognostics subgroups of the disease. From these studies, it became apparent that DNA methylation in regions outside of promoters, such as enhancers, is important for the regulation of coding genes as well as for the regulation of non-coding RNAs. Although DNA methylation profiles are reportedly stable over time and in relation to therapy, a higher epigenetic heterogeneity or 'burden' is seen in more aggressive CLL subgroups, albeit as non-recurrent 'passenger' events. More recently, DNA methylation profiles in CLL analyzed in relation to differentiating normal B-cell populations revealed that the majority of the CLL epigenome reflects the epigenomes present in the cell of origin and that only a small fraction of the epigenetic alterations represents truly CLL-specific changes. Furthermore, CLL patients can be grouped into at least three clinically relevant epigenetic subgroups, potentially originating from different cells at various stages of differentiation and associated with distinct outcomes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the DNA methylome in CLL, the role of histone modifying enzymes, highlight insights derived from animal models and attempts made to target epigenetic regulators in CLL along with the future directions of this rapidly advancing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Justyna Anna Wierzbinska
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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24
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Consales C, Cirotti C, Filomeni G, Panatta M, Butera A, Merla C, Lopresto V, Pinto R, Marino C, Benassi B. Fifty-Hertz Magnetic Field Affects the Epigenetic Modulation of the miR-34b/c in Neuronal Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5698-5714. [PMID: 29039021 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) has been associated to increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still undefined. Since epigenetic modulation has been recently encountered among the key events leading to neuronal degeneration, we here aimed at assessing if the control of gene expression mediated by miRNAs, namely miRs-34, has any roles in driving neuronal cell response to 50-Hz (1 mT) magnetic field in vitro. We demonstrate that ELF-MFs drive an early reduction of the expression level of miR-34b and miR-34c in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, as well as in mouse primary cortical neurons, by affecting the transcription of the common pri-miR-34. This modulation is not p53 dependent, but attributable to the hyper-methylation of the CpG island mapping within the miR-34b/c promoter. Incubation with N-acetyl-l-cysteine or glutathione ethyl-ester fails to restore miR-34b/c expression, suggesting that miRs-34 are not responsive to ELF-MF-induced oxidative stress. By contrast, we show that miRs-34 control reactive oxygen species production and affect mitochondrial oxidative stress triggered by ELF-MFs, likely by modulating mitochondria-related miR-34 targets identified by in silico analysis. We finally demonstrate that ELF-MFs alter the expression of the α-synuclein, which is specifically stimulated upon ELF-MFs exposure via both direct miR-34 targeting and oxidative stress. Altogether, our data highlight the potential of the ELF-MFs to tune redox homeostasis and epigenetic control of gene expression in vitro and shed light on the possible mechanism(s) producing detrimental effects and predisposing neurons to degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Consales
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Cirotti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martina Panatta
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Butera
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Merla
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.,Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Vanni Lopresto
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Pinto
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Marino
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Benassi
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Cui X, Chen X, Wang W, Chang A, Yang L, Liu C, Peng H, Wei Y, Liang W, Li S, Wang N, Liu W, Hu J, Zhang W, Wang L, Chen Y, Li F. Epigenetic silencing of miR-203 in Kazakh patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by MassARRAY spectrometry. Epigenetics 2017; 12:698-707. [PMID: 28703658 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1349045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of miR-203 by promoter methylation is associated with the development of various cancers. We aimed to explore the underlying link between promoter methylation and miR-203 expression in Kazakh esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). MassARRAY® System spectrometry was used to quantitatively analyze the DNA methylation of 32 CpG sites within miR-203 in 99 Kazakh ESCC and 46 normal esophageal tissues (NETs) with similar population characteristics. We conducted real-time PCR to detect miR-203 expression levels and evaluated their association with methylation. Eleven CpG units within miR-203 promoter were frequently hypermethylated in ESCC compared with NETs (P < 0.05). The hypermethylation of several CpG units positively correlated with age, lower esophagus, constrictive type of ESCC, and moderately differentiated ESCC. Given the involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in etiology of ESCC was confirmed from our previous reports, herein we found that CpG units within miR-203 in HPV16-positive ESCC are more heavily methylated. Furthermore, miR-203 expression showed a nearly 4.5-fold decrease in ESCC than NETs (0.206 ± 0.336 vs. 0.908 ± 1.424, P < 0.001) and was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.012). The expression of miR-203 with 11 completely hypermethylated CpG units was approximately 6.5-fold lower than that with at least 1 unmethylated CpG unit (P < 0.001) and especially the CpG_15.16 and CpG_31.32 with higher methylation levels in ESCC tissues exhibited lower expression levels of miR-203, which indicated a reverse association between miR-203 methylation and expression. Hypermethylated miR-203 is a potential biomarker and targeted delivery of miR-203 could therefore serve as a preventive or therapeutic strategy for Kazakh ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Cui
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases , Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , China.,b Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center , Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xi Chen
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases , Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- c Department of Pathology , Zhucheng Maternal and Child Care Service Centre , Weifang , China
| | - Aimin Chang
- d Department of Pathology , People's Hospital of Wusu , Tacheng , China
| | - Lan Yang
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases , Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases , Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , China
| | - Hao Peng
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases , Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , China
| | - Yutao Wei
- e Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , China
| | - Weihua Liang
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases , Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , China
| | - Shugang Li
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases , Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , China
| | - Ning Wang
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases , Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , China
| | - Wei Liu
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases , Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , China
| | - Jianming Hu
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases , Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases , Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , China
| | - Lidong Wang
- f Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research , Department of Basic Oncology and Pathology at College of Medicine , The First and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Yunzhao Chen
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases , Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , China
| | - Feng Li
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases , Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , China.,b Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center , Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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26
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Hasegawa T, Adachi R, Iwakata H, Takeno T, Sato K, Sakamaki T. ErbB2 signaling epigenetically suppresses microRNA-205 transcription via Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in breast cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1154-1165. [PMID: 28781955 PMCID: PMC5537069 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that microRNA-205 (miR-205) is downregulated by overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 and that ectopic transfection of miR-205 precursor decreases ErbB2 tumorigenicity in soft agar. In this study, we further analyzed the regulatory mechanisms linking ErbB2 overexpression and miR-205 downregulation. In ErbB2-overexpressing breast epithelial cells, miR-205 expression was significantly increased by treatment with MEK inhibitor U0126 or PD98059, Raf-1 inhibitor ZM-336372, and ERK inhibitor SCH772984, but PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 had no effect. We established breast epithelial cells overexpressing RafCAAX, a constitutively active form of Raf-1, and showed that overexpression of RafCAAX dramatically reduced miR-205 expression. In RafCAAX-overexpressing cells, miR-205 expression was also significantly increased by SCH772984. Moreover, miR-205 expression was significantly increased by treatment with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and expression of several DNMT family members was increased in both ErbB2- and RafCAAX-overexpressing cells. DNA methylation analysis by bisulfite sequencing revealed that the putative miR-205 promoters were predominantly hypermethylated in both ErbB2- and RafCAAX-overexpressing cells. Reporter activity of the putative miR-205 promoters was reduced in both ErbB2-overexpressing and RafCAAX-overexpressing cells. Together, these findings indicate that ErbB2 signaling epigenetically suppresses miR-205 transcription via the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hasegawa
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences Japan
| | - Ryohei Adachi
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwakata
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences Japan
| | - Takayoshi Takeno
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences Japan
| | - Koji Sato
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakamaki
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences Japan
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27
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Li G, Song Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Xie J. miR-34b Targets HSF1 to Suppress Cell Survival in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Oncol Res 2017; 24:109-16. [PMID: 27296951 PMCID: PMC7838633 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14611963142254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most lethal hematological malignancy, and the occurrence of chemoresistance prevents the achievement of complete remission following the standard therapy. MicroRNAs have been extensively investigated as critical regulators of hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, and they represent a promising strategy for AML therapy. In this study, we identified miR-34b as a novel regulator in myeloid proliferation and apoptosis of leukemic cells. We found that miR-34b was developmentally upregulated in plasma and myeloid cells of healthy subjects, while it was significantly reduced in blood samples of patients with AML and AML cell lines. Moreover, the miR-34b mimicked transfection-mediated restoration of miR-34b inhibited cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis of HL-60 and OCI-AML3 cell lines. Using a miRNA predicting algorithm miRanda, we selected a potent target heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) since that is a master regulator of the heat shock response and is associated with cancer aggressiveness and dissemination. In contrast to the level of miR-34b, HSF1 was highly expressed in blood samples of patients with AML and AML cell lines. The luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-34b directly targeted the HSF1 gene. HSF1 silencing exhibited comparable inhibitory effects on AML cell proliferation and survival. The upregulated HSF1 elevated the activation of the Wnt–β-catenin pathway. In conclusion, miR-34b suppressed AML cell proliferation and survival by targeting HSF1, in turn leading to the inactivation of Wnt–β-catenin pathway, which may highlight a new therapeutic approach for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangcan Li
- Institute of Hematopathy, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xian, Shaanxi, China
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28
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression mainly at the posttranscriptional level. Similar to protein-coding genes, their expression is also controlled by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Disruption of these control processes leads to abnormal expression of miRNAs in cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the supportive links between miRNAs and epigenetics in the context of carcinogenesis. miRNAs can be epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation and/or specific histone modifications. However, they can themselves (epi-miRNAs) repress key enzymes that drive epigenetic remodeling and also bind to complementary sequences in gene promoters, recruiting specific protein complexes that modulate chromatin structure and gene expression. All these issues affect the transcriptional landscape of cells. Most important, in the cancer clinical scenario, knowledge about miRNAs epigenetic dysregulation can not only be beneficial as a prognostic biomarker, but can also help in the design of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Moutinho
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Spain.
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29
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Epigenetic dysregulation in neuroblastoma: A tale of miRNAs and DNA methylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1502-1514. [PMID: 27751904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In neuroblastoma, the epigenetic landscape is more profoundly altered in aggressive compared to lower grade tumors and the concomitant hypermethylation of many genes, defined as "methylator phenotype", has been associated with poor outcome. DNA methylation can interfere with gene expression acting at distance through the methylation or demethylation of the regulatory regions of miRNAs. The multiplicity of miRNA targets may result in the simultaneous alteration of many biological pathways like cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and differentiation. We have analyzed the methylation status of a set of miRNAs in a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines and identified a subset of hypermethylated and down-regulated miRNAs (miRNA 34b-3p, miRNA 34b-5p, miRNA34c-5p, and miRNA 124-2-3p) involved in the regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis and in the control of MYCN expression. These miRNAs share, in part, some of the targets whose expression is inversely correlated to the methylation and expression of the corresponding miRNA. To simulate the effect of the demethylation of miRNAs, we transfected the corresponding miRNA-mimics in the same cell lines and observed the down-regulation of a set of their target genes as well as the partial block of the cell cycle and the activation of the apoptotic pathway. The epigenetic alterations of miRNAs described in the present study were found also in a subset of patients at high risk of progression. Our data disclosed a complex network of interactions between epigenetically altered miRNAs and target genes, that could interfere at multiple levels in the control of cell homeostasis.
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Pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism is associated with the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Genet 2016; 209:493-496. [PMID: 27886674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding regulatory RNAs, are key regulators of gene expression. The impact of Pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 variant on development of various cancers is still controversial. In the present study, we examined whether a rs4938723 variant located at the promoter region of Pri-miR-34b/c is associated with childhood ALL. A total of 110 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 120 healthy children were recruited to participate in this study. The rs4938723 variant was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The rs4938723 variant decreased the risk of ALL in heterozygous (TC vs OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.28-0.84, p = 0.012, TC vs TT) and overdominant (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.30-0.89, p = 0.0.020, TC vs TT + CC): OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.67-2.59, p = 0.498; C vs T: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.75-1.31, p = 0.986) inheritance models tested. The C allele significantly decreased the risk of childhood ALL compared to T allele (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.33-0.83, p = 0.006). Our findings proposed an association between Pri-miR-34 b/c rs4938723 variant and risk of childhood ALL development in a sample of Iranian population.
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31
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Yang DQ, Zhou JD, Wang YX, Deng ZQ, Yang J, Yao DM, Qian Z, Yang L, Lin J, Qian J. LowmiR-34cexpression is associated with poor outcome inde novoacute myeloid leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2016; 39:42-50. [PMID: 27577964 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.-Q. Yang
- Department of Hematology; Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - J.-D. Zhou
- Department of Hematology; Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Y.-X. Wang
- Department of Hematology; Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Z.-Q. Deng
- Laboratory Center; Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - J. Yang
- Department of Hematology; Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - D.-M. Yao
- Laboratory Center; Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Z. Qian
- Department of Hematology; Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - L. Yang
- Department of Hematology; Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - J. Lin
- Laboratory Center; Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - J. Qian
- Department of Hematology; Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
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32
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs, miRNAs) are small molecules of 18-22 nucleotides that serve as important regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. One of the mechanisms through which miRNAs regulate gene expression involves the interaction of their "seed" sequences primarily with 3'-end and more rarely with 5'-end, of mRNA transcribed from target genes. Numerous studies over the past decade have been devoted to quantitative and qualitative assessment of miRNAs expression and have shown remarkable changes in miRNA expression profiles in various diseases. Thus, profiling of miRNA expression can be an important tool for diagnostics and treatment of disease. However, less attention has been paid towards understanding the underlying reasons for changes in miRNA expression, especially in cancer cells. The purpose of this review is to analyze and systematize current data that explains reasons for changes in the expression of miRNAs. The review will cover both transcriptional (changes in gene expression and promoter hypermethylation) and post-transcriptional (changes in miRNA processing) mechanisms of regulation of miRNA expression, as well as effects of endogenous (hormones, cytokines) and exogenous (xenobiotics) compounds on the miRNA expression. The review will summarize the complex multilevel regulation of miRNA expression, in relation to cell type, physiological state of the body and various external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila F. Gulyaeva
- />Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Timakov St., 2/12, Novosibirsk, 630117 Russia
- />Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Nicolay E. Kushlinskiy
- />The Russian Oncological Scientific Center of N. N. Blochin of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoye Highway 24, Moscow, 115478 Russia
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33
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Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult human leukemia. Although, the molecular alterations leading to CLL onset and progression are still under investigation (specifically, the interplay and exact role of oncogenes and tumor suppressors in CLL pathogenesis). MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are expressed in a tissue specific manner. Deregulation of microRNAs can alter expression levels of genes involved in the development and/or progression of tumors. In CLL, microRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Here, we review the most recent findings on the role of microRNAs in the onset/progression of CLL, and how this knowledge can be used to identify new biomarkers and targets to treat this leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Balatti
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mario Acunzo
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuri Pekarky
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Van Roosbroeck K, Calin GA. MicroRNAs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: miRacle or miRage for prognosis and targeted therapies? Semin Oncol 2016; 43:209-14. [PMID: 27040698 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease and has a highly variable clinical course with survival ranging from a couple of months to several decades. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate transcription and translation of genes, have been found to be involved in CLL initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. In addition, they can be used as prognostic biomarkers and as targets for novel therapies. In this review, we describe the association between miRNAs and the cytogenetic aberrations commonly found in CLL, as well as with other prognostic factors. We describe the presence of miRNAs as extracellular entities in the plasma and serum of CLL patients and discuss their role in resistance to therapy. Finally, we will explore the potential of targeted miRNA therapy for the treatment of CLL, with a special emphasis on MRX34, the first miRNA mimic that is currently being evaluated for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Roosbroeck
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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35
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Tuna M, Machado AS, Calin GA. Genetic and epigenetic alterations of microRNAs and implications for human cancers and other diseases. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:193-214. [PMID: 26651018 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a well-studied group of noncoding RNAs that control gene expression by interacting mainly with messenger RNA. It is known that miRNAs and their biogenesis regulatory machineries have crucial roles in multiple cell processes; thus, alterations in these genes often lead to disease, such as cancer. Disruption of these genes can occur through epigenetic and genetic alterations, resulting in aberrant expression of miRNAs and subsequently of their target genes. This review focuses on the disruption of miRNAs and their key regulatory machineries by genetic alterations, with emphasis on mutations and epigenetic changes in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaffe Tuna
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Andreia S Machado
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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36
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Wang LQ, Chim CS. DNA methylation of tumor-suppressor miRNA genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Epigenomics 2015; 7:461-73. [PMID: 25650645 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic modifications of the genome involved in the regulation of numerous cellular processes through gene silencing without altering DNA sequences. miRNAs, a class of single-stranded noncoding RNAs of 19-25 nucleotides in length, function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression leading to mRNA cleavage or translational repression of their corresponding target protein-coding genes. Recently, dysregulation of tumor suppressor miRNAs mediated by promoter DNA hypermethylation is implicated in human cancers, including B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Moreover, it appears that methylated miRNA genes could be potential biomarkers for CLL diagnosis or therapy. This review will highlight the role of aberrant methylation of miRNA genes in the pathogenesis of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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37
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Strefford JC. The genomic landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: biological and clinical implications. Br J Haematol 2014; 169:14-31. [PMID: 25496136 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) remains at the forefront of the genetic analysis of human tumours, principally due its prevalence, protracted natural history and accessibility to suitable material for analysis. With the application of high-throughput genetic technologies, we have an unbridled view of the architecture of the CLL genome, including a comprehensive description of the copy number and mutational landscape of the disease, a detailed picture of clonal evolution during pathogenesis, and the molecular mechanisms that drive genomic instability and therapeutic resistance. This work has nuanced the prognostic importance of established copy number alterations, and identified novel prognostically relevant gene mutations that function within biological pathways that are attractive treatment targets. Herein, an overview of recent genomic discoveries will be reviewed, with associated biological and clinical implications, and a view into how clinical implementation may be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Strefford
- Cancer Genomics, Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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