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Abdeen A, Elsabagh R, Elbasuni SS, Said AM, Abdelkader A, El-Far AH, Ibrahim SF, Mihaela O, Fericean L, Abdelfattah AM, El-Hewaity M, Elbarbary N, Kadah AY, Ibrahim SS. Microalgae ( Chlorella vulgaris) attenuates aflatoxin-associated renal injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1291965. [PMID: 38205372 PMCID: PMC10777483 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1291965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aflatoxins (AFT) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that are extremely dangerous for both human beings as well as animals. A safe, effective, and considerate strategy is therefore credited with controlling AFT intoxication. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the mitigating properties of Chlorella vulgaris (ChV) against AFT-induced nephrotoxicity and altered egg quality. Methods: Quails were randomized into Control group (receiving a normal diet); ChV group (1 g/kg diet); AFT group (receiving an AFT-containing diet); and the AFT-ChV group were given both treatments. Results and discussion: AFT provoked kidney injury, exhibited by increased renal biochemical parameters and reduced protein levels. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels dramatically increased as a consequence of AFT exposure, and glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were also decreased. Substantial up-modulation of the mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) was additionally reported. Furthermore, AFT residues were detected in the egg compromising its quality and nutritional value. Contrarily, ChV supplemented diet suppressed the AFT-prompted oxidative stress and inflammation, together with enhancing the nutritional value and quality of eggs and decreasing AFT residues. These beneficial impacts are proposed to be attributed to its antioxidant and nutritional ingredients. The molecular docking dynamics confirmed the inflammatory and apoptotic protein targets for ChV. Our findings recommend that adding ChV supplements to foods might guard against nephrotoxicity brought on by AFT exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elsabagh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Sawsan S. Elbasuni
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa M. Said
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Afaf Abdelkader
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ali H. El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Samah F. Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ostan Mihaela
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture. University of Life Sciences “King Michael I" from Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Liana Fericean
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture. University of Life Sciences “King Michael I" from Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Abdelfattah M. Abdelfattah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Hewaity
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoum, Egypt
| | - Nady Elbarbary
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Amgad Y. Kadah
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Samar S. Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
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Yadav M, Soni R, Chauhan MK, Sandal N. Cellular and physiological approaches to evaluate the chelating effect of Chlorella on metal ion stressed lymphocytes. Biometals 2021; 34:351-363. [PMID: 33582954 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chlorella is a green alga consumed as dietary food supplement in pulverized form. In addition to its high nutritional value, it is reported as an excellent detoxifying agent. The pulverized Chlorella is partially soluble in water and insoluble portion has been reported for removal of mercury, cadmium and radioactive strontium from body. Chlorella contains a variety of metal-binding functional groups such as carboxyl, amino, phosphoryl, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, which has high affinity towards various metal ions. The present study was envisaged to evaluate the chelating effect of water soluble fraction of Chlorella powder (AqCH) on metal ions. Fura-2 fluorescence ratio (F340/F380) was measured by fluorescence spectrometer (FS) after the exposure of chloride salt of metals viz., strontium, cobalt, barium, cesium, thallium and mercury to lymphocytes. Pretreatment of AqCH (0.1-20 mg mL-1) was given to evaluate the attenuating effect on fura-2 fluorescence ratio induced by metal ions. The intracellular levels of these metal ions were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and fluorescence microscopy (FM). Pretreatment with AqCH significantly attenuated the metal induced fluorescence ratio in dose-dependent manner. The results of AAS and FM were found in coherence with fura-2 fluorescence ratio which emphasized that AqCH significantly prevented the metal ions internalization. The present study suggests AqCH chelates with these metal ions and prevents its interaction with cells thereby reducing the intracellular mobilization of Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Yadav
- Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Ravi Soni
- Division of Natural Radiation Response Mechanisms, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenakshi Kanwar Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Sandal
- Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India.
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Ogawa K, Higashi T, Mishiro K, Wakabayashi H, Shiba K, Odani A, Kinuya S. Decreasing undesirable absorbed radiation to the intestine after administration of radium-223 dichloride for treatment of bone metastases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11917. [PMID: 32681007 PMCID: PMC7368038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
[223Ra]RaCl2 is the first alpha-particle emitting radiopharmaceutical to be used for castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with bone metastases because of its excellent therapeutic effects. [223Ra]RaCl2 is excreted via the intestine into feces, and some is absorbed from the intestine into the blood, which may be undesirable in terms of the exposure to radiation. Recently, we showed that a complex of myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate (InsP6) with zinc is a useful decorporation agent against radiostrontium. In this study, we hypothesized that Zn-InsP6 could bind to not only strontium but also to radium, and could inhibit the absorption of radium from the intestine. In in vitro binding experiments, Zn-InsP6 showed a high binding affinity for radium. In in vivo biodistribution experiments by intravenous injection of [223Ra]RaCl2 after treatment of Zn-InsP6, mice treated with Zn-InsP6 showed significantly lower bone accumulation of radioactivity (34.82 ± 1.83%Dose/g) than the mice in the non-treatment control group (40.30 ± 2.78%Dose/g) at 48 h postinjection. These results indicate that Zn-InsP6 bound radium in the intestine and inhibited the absorption of radium into the blood. Therefore, the insoluble Zn-InsP6 complex has high potential to decrease the side effects of [223Ra]RaCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Ogawa
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Takuma Higashi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akira Odani
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Seigo Kinuya
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Physicochemical characterization of a novel cadmium-binding protein from rice grain endosperm. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ogawa K, Fukuda T, Han J, Kitamura Y, Shiba K, Odani A. Evaluation of Chlorella as a Decorporation Agent to Enhance the Elimination of Radioactive Strontium from Body. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148080. [PMID: 26828430 PMCID: PMC4734693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Release of radionuclides, such as 137Cs and 90Sr, into the atmosphere and the ocean presents an important problem because internal exposure to 137Cs and 90Sr could be very harmful to humans. Chlorella has been reported to be effective in enhancing the excretion of heavy metals; thus, we hypothesized that Chlorella could also enhance the elimination of 137Cs or 90Sr from the body. We evaluated the potential of Chlorella as a decorporation agent in vitro and in vivo, using 85Sr instead of 90Sr. Methods In vitro experiments of adsorption of 137Cs and 85Sr to Chlorella were performed under wide pH conditions. The maximum sorption capacity of Chlorella to strontium was estimated using the Langmuir model. A 85Sr solution was orally administrated to mice pretreated with Chlorella. At 48 h after 85Sr administration, the biodistribution of radioactivity was determined. Results In the in vitro experiments, although 85Sr barely adsorbed to Chlorella at low pH, the 85Sr adsorption ratio to Chlorella increased with increasing pH. The maximum sorption capacity of Chlorella to strontium was 9.06 mg / g. 137Cs barely adsorbed to Chlorella under any pH conditions. In the biodistribution experiments, bone accumulation of radioactivity after 85Sr administration was significantly decreased in the Chlorella pretreatment group compared with the non-treatment control group. Conclusions In conclusion, these results indicated that Chlorella could inhibit the absorption of 90Sr into the blood and enhance the elimination of 90Sr from the body through adsorption in intestine. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism and the components of Chlorella needed for adsorption to strontium and could promote the development of more effective decorporation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Ogawa
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tadahisa Fukuda
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Yoji Kitamura
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akira Odani
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Kim MY, Shon WJ, Park MN, Lee YS, Shin DM. Protective effect of dietary chitosan on cadmium accumulation in rats. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 10:19-25. [PMID: 26865912 PMCID: PMC4742306 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Cadmium is a toxic metal that is an occupational and environmental concern especially because of its human carcinogenicity; it induces serious adverse effects in various organs and tissues. Even low levels of exposure to cadmium could be harmful owing to its extremely long half-life in the body. Cadmium intoxication may be prevented by the consumption of dietary components that potentially reduce its accumulation in the body. Dietary chitosan is a polysaccharide derived from animal sources; it has been known for its ability to bind to divalent cations including cadmium, in addition to other beneficial effects including hypocholesterolemic and anticancer effects. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of dietary chitosan in reducing cadmium accumulation using an in vivo system. MATERIALS/METHODS Cadmium was administered orally at 2 mg (three times per week) to three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats: control, low-dose, and high-dose (0, 3, and 5%, respectively) chitosan diet groups for eight weeks. Cadmium accumulation, as well as tissue functional and histological changes, was determined. RESULTS Compared to the control group, rats fed the chitosan diet showed significantly lower levels of cadmium in blood and tissues including the kidneys, liver, and femur. Biochemical analysis of liver function including the determination of aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels showed that dietary chitosan reduced hepatic tissue damage caused by cadmium intoxication and prevented the associated bone disorder. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that dietary chitosan has the potential to reduce cadmium accumulation in the body as well as protect liver function and bone health against cadmium intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Woo-Jeong Shon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Mi-Na Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.; Research institution of human ecology, Seoul National University,1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Lee I, Tran M, Evans-Nguyen T, Stickle D, Kim S, Han J, Park JY, Yang M. Detoxification of chlorella supplement on heterocyclic amines in Korean young adults. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:441-446. [PMID: 25590673 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been established as carcinogenic chemicals in Western diet. This study was performed to estimate HCA exposure levels in Korean daily life and to assess the ability of Chlorella vulgaris to detoxify carcinogenic HCAs in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with chlorella supplement (N=6, all females, age: 27.17±7.73yr) for 2 weeks. We analyzed HCAs in hydrolyzed urine specimens using LC/TOF-MS. As results, urinary levels of MeIQx, PhIP, and IQx-8-COOH were 323.36±220.11ng/L, 351.59±254.93ng/L, and 130.85±83.22ng/L, respectively. Effects of chlorella to reduce urinary MeIQx were marginally significant (before, 430±226.86pg/mL vs. after, 174.45±101.65pg/mL: 0.05<p<0.1). However, urinary levels of PhIP or IQx-8-COOH, a major metabolite of MeIQx, were not changed by chlorella supplementation. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that current daily levels of HCA exposure in Korean young adults are not lower than those in the Western world. In addition, the effects of chlorella's to detoxify HCAs likely occur by interfering e with absorption or metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyeong Lee
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyoung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Soyeon Kim
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyoung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegab Han
- Health Food Division, R&D center, Daesang Corp., Icheon-City, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mihi Yang
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyoung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YJ, Kwon S, Kim MK. Effect of Chlorella vulgaris intake on cadmium detoxification in rats fed cadmium. Nutr Res Pract 2009; 3:89-94. [PMID: 20016707 PMCID: PMC2788181 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2009.3.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if dietary Chlorella vulgaris (chlorella) intake would be effective on cadmium (Cd) detoxification in rats fed dietary Cd. Fourteen-week old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 415.0 +/- 1.6 g were randomly divided into two groups and fed slightly modified American Institute of Nutrition-93 Growing (AIN-93G) diet without (n=10) or with (n=40) dietary Cd (200 ppm) for 8 weeks. To confirm alteration by dietary Cd intake, twenty rats fed AIN-93G diet without (n=10) and with (n=10) dietary Cd were sacrificed and compared. Other thirty rats were randomly blocked into three groups and fed slightly modified AIN-93G diets replacing 0 (n=10), 5 (n=10) or 10% (n=10) chlorella of total kg diet for 4 weeks. Daily food intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weight (liver, spleen, and kidney), perirenal fat pad and epididymal fat pad weights were measured. To examine Cd detoxification, urinary Cd excretion and metallothonein (MT) concentrations in kidney and intestine were measured. Food intake, calorie intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weight and fat pad weights were decreased by dietary Cd intake. Urinary Cd excretion and MT concentrations in kidney and small intestine were increased by dietary Cd. After given Cd containing diet, food intake, calorie intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weights and fat pad weights were not influenced by dietary chlorella intake. Renal MT synthesis tended to be higher in a dose-dependent manner, but not significantly. And chlorella intake did not significantly facilitate renal and intestinal MT synthesis and urinary Cd excretion. These findings suggest that, after stopping cadmium supply, chlorella supplementation, regardless of its percentage, might not improve cadmium detoxification from the body in growing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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