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Yang JDI, Liu YC, Wang HC, Hsu FT, Liao TL, Huang MC, Chen JH. Quetiapine Significantly Improves the Effectiveness of Radiotherapy in Combating Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression in a Hep3B Xenograft Mouse Model. In Vivo 2024; 38:1079-1093. [PMID: 38688627 PMCID: PMC11059866 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, radiotherapy (RT) stands as a pivotal approach, yet the emergence of radioresistance poses a formidable challenge. This study aimed to explore the potential synergy between quetiapine and RT for HCC treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Hep3B xenograft mouse model was used, the investigation tracked tumor progression, safety parameters, and molecular mechanisms. RESULTS The findings revealed a synergistic anti-HCC effect when quetiapine was coupled with RT that prolonged tumor growth time and a significantly higher growth inhibition rate compared to the control group. Safety assessments indicated minimal pathological changes, suggesting potential of quetiapine in mitigating RT-induced alterations in liver and kidney functions. Mechanistically, the combination suppressed metastasis and angiogenesis-related proteins, while triggering the activation of apoptosis-related proteins via targeting Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling. CONCLUSION The potential of the quetiapine and RT combination is emphasized, offering enhanced anti-HCC efficacy, a safety profile, and positioning quetiapine as a radiosensitizer for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-DI Yang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Chia Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsai Lan Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Meng-Chu Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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2
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Wang L, Liu Y, Tai J, Dou X, Yang H, Li Q, Liu J, Yan Z, Liu X. Transcriptome and single-cell analysis reveal disulfidptosis-related modification patterns of tumor microenvironment and prognosis in osteosarcoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9186. [PMID: 38649690 PMCID: PMC11035678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor with high pathological heterogeneity. Our study aimed to investigate disulfidptosis-related modification patterns in OS and their relationship with survival outcomes in patients with OS. We analyzed the single-cell-level expression profiles of disulfidptosis-related genes (DSRGs) in both OS microenvironment and OS subclusters, and HMGB1 was found to be crucial for intercellular regulation of OS disulfidptosis. Next, we explored the molecular clusters of OS based on DSRGs and related immune cell infiltration using transcriptome data. Subsequently, the hub genes of disulfidptosis in OS were screened by applying multiple machine models. In vitro and patient experiments validated our results. Three main disulfidptosis-related molecular clusters were defined in OS, and immune infiltration analysis suggested high immune heterogeneity between distinct clusters. The in vitro experiment confirmed decreased cell viability of OS after ACTB silencing and higher expression of ACTB in patients with lower immune scores. Our study systematically revealed the underlying relationship between disulfidptosis and OS at the single-cell level, identified disulfidptosis-related subtypes, and revealed the potential role of ACTB expression in OS disulfidptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Tai
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555, Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Dou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Yang
- School of Foreign Studies, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaochu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingkun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555, Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziqiang Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555, Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Hsu CY, Rajabi S, Hamzeloo-Moghadam M, Kumar A, Maresca M, Ghildiyal P. Sesquiterpene lactones as emerging biomolecules to cease cancer by targeting apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1371002. [PMID: 38529189 PMCID: PMC10961375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1371002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a programmed cell death comprising two signaling cascades including the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. This process has been shown to be involved in the therapy response of different cancer types, making it an effective target for treating cancer. Cancer has been considered a challenging issue in global health. Cancer cells possess six biological characteristics during their developmental process known as cancer hallmarks. Hallmarks of cancer include continuous growth signals, unlimited proliferation, resistance to proliferation inhibitors, apoptosis escaping, active angiogenesis, and metastasis. Sesquiterpene lactones are one of the large and diverse groups of planet-derived phytochemicals that can be used as sources for a variety of drugs. Some sesquiterpene lactones possess many biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-malarial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and analgesic. This review article briefly overviews the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis and the interactions between the modulators of both pathways. Also, the present review summarizes the potential effects of sesquiterpene lactones on different modulators of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines and animal models. The main purpose of the present review is to give a clear picture of the current knowledge about the pro-apoptotic effects of sesquiterpene lactones on various cancers to provide future direction in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Yi Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sadegh Rajabi
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeloo-Moghadam
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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4
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Barachini S, Pardini E, Burzi IS, Sardo Infirri G, Montali M, Petrini I. Molecular and Functional Key Features and Oncogenic Drivers in Thymic Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:166. [PMID: 38201593 PMCID: PMC10778094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumors, comprising thymic carcinomas and thymomas, are rare neoplasms. They differ in histology, prognosis, and association with autoimmune diseases such as myasthenia gravis. Thymomas, but not thymic carcinomas, often harbor GTF2I mutations. Mutations of CDKN2A, TP53, and CDKN2B are the most common thymic carcinomas. The acquisition of mutations in genes that control chromatin modifications and epigenetic regulation occurs in the advanced stages of thymic carcinomas. Anti-angiogenic drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have shown promising results for the treatment of unresectable tumors. Since thymic carcinomas are frankly aggressive tumors, this report presents insights into their oncogenic drivers, categorized under the established hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Barachini
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Sofia Burzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gisella Sardo Infirri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Montali
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Petrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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5
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Punyamurtula U, Brown TW, Zhang S, George A, El-Deiry WS. Cancer cell seeding density as a mechanism of chemotherapy resistance: a novel cancer cell density index based on IC50-Seeding Density Slope (ISDS) to assess chemosensitivity. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:5914-5933. [PMID: 38187067 PMCID: PMC10767358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) is a commonly used measurement of chemosensitivity in cancer cells, it has been known to vary with the density of the treated cells (in that more densely seeded cells are more resistant to chemotherapeutic agents). Indeed, density-dependent chemoresistance may be a significant independent mechanism of therapy resistance. We examine the nature of cell density-dependent chemoresistance and explore possible underlying mechanisms. CellTiter-Glo assays and ethidium homodimer staining revealed that response to chemotherapy is density-dependent in all cancer cell lines tested. Our results prompted us to develop a novel cancer cell seeding density index of chemosensitivity, the ISDS (IC50-Seeding Density Slope), which we propose can serve as an improved method of analyzing how cancer cells respond to chemotherapeutic treatment compared to the widely-used IC50. Furthermore, western blot analysis suggests that levels of autophagy and apoptotic markers are modulated by cancer cell density. Cell viability experiments using the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine showed that chloroquine's efficacy was reduced at higher cell densities and that chloroquine and cisplatin exhibited synergy at both higher and lower cell densities in TOV-21G cells. We discuss alternative mechanisms of density-dependent chemoresistance and in vivo/clinical applications, including challenges of adjuvant chemotherapy and minimal residual disease. Taken together, our findings show that cell density is a significant contributor in shaping cancer chemosensitivity, that the ISDS (aka the Ujwal Punyamurtula/Wafik El-Deiry or Ujwal-WAF Index) can be used to effectively assess cell viability and that this phenomenon of density-dependent chemoresistance may be leveraged for a variety of biologic and cancer therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujwal Punyamurtula
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBoston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W Brown
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Shengliang Zhang
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health SystemProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Andrew George
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health SystemProvidence, RI, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
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6
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Cristaldi M, Buscetta M, Cimino M, La Mensa A, Giuffrè MR, Fiore L, Carcione C, Bucchieri F, Rappa F, Coronnello C, Sciaraffa N, Amato S, Aronica TS, Lo Iacono G, Bertani A, Pace E, Cipollina C. Caspase-8 activation by cigarette smoke induces pro-inflammatory cell death of human macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:773. [PMID: 38007509 PMCID: PMC10676397 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking impairs the lung innate immune response making smokers more susceptible to infections and severe symptoms. Dysregulation of cell death is emerging as a key player in chronic inflammatory conditions. We have recently reported that short exposure of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) altered the TLR4-dependent response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CSE caused inhibition of the MyD88-dependent inflammatory response and activation of TRIF/caspase-8/caspase-1 pathway leading to Gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage and increased cell permeability. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that activation of caspase-8 by CSE increased pro-inflammatory cell death of LPS-stimulated macrophages. To this purpose, we measured apoptotic and pyroptotic markers as well as the expression/release of pro-inflammatory mediators in hMDMs exposed to LPS and CSE, alone or in combination, for 6 and 24 h. We show that LPS/CSE-treated hMDMs, but not cells treated with CSE or LPS alone, underwent lytic cell death (LDH release) and displayed apoptotic features (activation of caspase-8 and -3/7, nuclear condensation, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization). Moreover, the negative regulator of caspase-8, coded by CFLAR gene, was downregulated by CSE. Activation of caspase-3 led to Gasdermin E (GSDME) cleavage. Notably, lytic cell death caused the release of the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) heat shock protein-60 (HSP60) and S100A8/A9. This was accompanied by an impaired inflammatory response resulting in inhibited and delayed release of IL6 and TNF. Of note, increased cleaved caspase-3, higher levels of GSDME and altered expression of cell death-associated genes were found in alveolar macrophages of smoker subjects compared to non-smoking controls. Overall, our findings show that CSE sensitizes human macrophages to cell death by promoting pyroptotic and apoptotic pathways upon encountering LPS. We propose that while the delayed inflammatory response may result in ineffective defenses against infections, the observed cell death associated with DAMP release may contribute to establish chronic inflammation. CS exposure sensitizes human macrophages to pro-inflammatory cell death. Upon exposure to LPS, CS inhibits the TLR4/MyD88 inflammatory response, downregulating the pro-inflammatory genes TNF and IL6 and the anti-apoptotic gene CFLAR, known to counteract caspase-8 activity. CS enhances caspase-8 activation through TLR4/TRIF, with a partial involvement of RIPK1, resulting on the activation of caspase-1/GSDMD axis leading to increased cell permeability and DAMP release through gasdermin pores [19]. At later timepoints caspase-3 becomes strongly activated by caspase-8 triggering apoptotic events which are associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, gasdermin E cleavage and secondary necrosis with consequent massive DAMP release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Buscetta
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Bandiera 11, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maura Cimino
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Bandiera 11, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Agnese La Mensa
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Bandiera 11, 90133, Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Fiore
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Bandiera 11, 90133, Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, Università di Messina, Piazza Pugliatti, 1, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)-CNR, Via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Santina Amato
- Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ed Alta Specializzazione Ospedali (A.R.N.A.S) "Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli", Piazza Nicola Leotta 4, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Silvano Aronica
- Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ed Alta Specializzazione Ospedali (A.R.N.A.S) "Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli", Piazza Nicola Leotta 4, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)-CNR, Via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Bandiera 11, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)-CNR, Via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
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7
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Patra I, Naser RH, Hussam F, Hameed NM, Kadhim MM, Ahmad I, Awadh SA, Hamad DA, Parra RMR, Mustafa YF. Ketoprofen suppresses triple negative breast cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:85-95. [PMID: 36309613 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an invasive phenotype with undesirable clinical features, poor prognosis, and therapy resistance. Ketoprofen is a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-tumor properties. AIM To investigate the effects of Ketoprofen on apoptosis and autophagy in TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. METHODS The cytotoxic activity of Ketoprofen was assayed by the MTS method. Flowcytometry was utilized to measure the number of apoptotic MDA-MB-231 cells. The expression levels of apoptosis and autophagy markers, JAK2 and STAT3 were determined using quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting methods. RESULTS Ketoprofen significantly decreased the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells compared to control cells. It also considerably induced apoptosis and apoptotic markers in these cells in comparison to controls. Treating the MADA-MB-231 cell line with Ketoprofen had an inhibitory effect on autophagy markers in this cell line. The use of FasL, as a death ligand, and ZB4, as an antibody that blocks the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, revealed the involvement of the extrinsic pathway in the apoptosis-stimulating effect of Ketoprofen in the MADA-MB-231 cell line. Ketoprofen also hindered the phosphorylation and activation of JAK2 and STAT molecules leading to the inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway in this TNBC cell line. CONCLUSION The outcomes of this study uncovered the anti-TNBC activity of Ketoprofen by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting viability and autophagy in MADA-MB-231 cells. Our data also suggested that Ketoprofen impedes apoptosis in TNBC cells by two different mechanisms including the induction of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana Hussein Naser
- Science Department, College of Basic Education, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Fadhil Hussam
- College of Medical Technology, Medical Lab Techniques, Al-farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Noora M Hameed
- Anesthesia techniques, Al-Nisour University College, Al-Nisour, Iraq
| | - Mustafa M Kadhim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq.
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sura A Awadh
- Department of Anesthesia, Al-mustaqbal University, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Doaa A Hamad
- Nursing Department, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, 41001, Mosul, Iraq
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8
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Lee C, Lee S, Park E, Hong J, Shin DY, Byun JM, Yun H, Koh Y, Yoon SS. Transcriptional signatures of the BCL2 family for individualized acute myeloid leukaemia treatment. Genome Med 2022; 14:111. [PMID: 36171613 PMCID: PMC9520894 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although anti-apoptotic proteins of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) family have been utilized as therapeutic targets in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), their complicated regulatory networks make individualized therapy difficult. This study aimed to discover the transcriptional signatures of BCL2 family genes that reflect regulatory dynamics, which can guide individualized therapeutic strategies. Methods From three AML RNA-seq cohorts (BeatAML, LeuceGene, and TCGA; n = 451, 437, and 179, respectively), we constructed the BCL2 family signatures (BFSigs) by applying an innovative gene-set selection method reflecting biological knowledge followed by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). To demonstrate the significance of the BFSigs, we conducted modelling to predict response to BCL2 family inhibitors, clustering, and functional enrichment analysis. Cross-platform validity of BFSigs was also confirmed using NanoString technology in a separate cohort of 47 patients. Results We established BFSigs labeled as the BCL2, MCL1/BCL2, and BFL1/MCL1 signatures that identify key anti-apoptotic proteins. Unsupervised clustering based on BFSig information consistently classified AML patients into three robust subtypes across different AML cohorts, implying the existence of biological entities revealed by the BFSig approach. Interestingly, each subtype has distinct enrichment patterns of major cancer pathways, including MAPK and mTORC1, which propose subtype-specific combination treatment with apoptosis modulating drugs. The BFSig-based classifier also predicted response to venetoclax with remarkable performance (area under the ROC curve, AUROC = 0.874), which was well-validated in an independent cohort (AUROC = 0.950). Lastly, we successfully confirmed the validity of BFSigs using NanoString technology. Conclusions This study proposes BFSigs as a biomarker for the effective selection of apoptosis targeting treatments and cancer pathways to co-target in AML. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-022-01115-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansub Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoung Lee
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunchae Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junshik Hong
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeop Shin
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Min Byun
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongseok Yun
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngil Koh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Rambow AC, Aschenbach I, Hagelund S, Tawfik D, Gundlach JP, Weiße S, Maass N, Trauzold A. Endogenous TRAIL-R4 critically impacts apoptotic and non-apoptotic TRAIL-induced signaling in cancer cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942718. [PMID: 36158196 PMCID: PMC9500463 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of TRAIL to its death domain-containing receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 can induce cell death and/or pro-inflammatory signaling. The importance of TRAIL and TRAIL-R1/R2 in tumor immune surveillance and cancer biology has meanwhile been well documented. In addition, TRAIL has been shown to preferentially kill tumor cells, raising hope for the development of targeted anti-cancer therapies. Apart from death-inducing receptors, TRAIL also binds to TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4. Whereas TRAIL-R3 is lacking an intracellular domain entirely, TRAIL-R4 contains a truncated death domain but still a signaling-competent intracellular part. It is assumed that these receptors have anti-apoptotic, yet still not well understood regulatory functions. To analyze the significance of the endogenous levels of TRAIL-R4 for TRAIL-induced signaling in cancer cells, we stably knocked down this receptor in Colo357 and MDA-MB-231 cells and analyzed the activation of apoptotic and non-apoptotic pathways in response to treatment with TRAIL. We found that TRAIL-R4 affects a plethora of signaling pathways, partly in an opposite way. While knockdown of TRAIL-R4 in Colo357 strongly increased apoptosis and reduced clonogenic survival, it inhibited cell death and improved clonogenic survival of MDA-MB-231 cells after TRAIL treatment. Furthermore, TRAIL-R4 turned out to be an important regulator of the expression of a variety of anti-apoptotic proteins in MDA-MB-231 cells since TRAIL-R4-KD reduced the cellular levels of FLIPs, XIAP and cIAP2 but upregulated the levels of Bcl-xL. By inhibiting Bcl-xL with Navitoclax, we could finally show that this protein mainly accounts for the acquired resistance of MDA-MB-231 TRAIL-R4-KD cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Analyses of non-apoptotic signaling pathways revealed that in both cell lines TRAIL-R4-KD resulted in a constitutively increased activity of AKT and ERK, while it reduced AKT activity after TRAIL treatment. Furthermore, TRAIL-R4-KD potentiated TRAIL-induced activation of ERK and p38 in Colo357, and NF-κB in MDA-MB-231 cells. Importantly, in both cell lines the activity of AKT, ERK, p38 and NF-κB after TRAIL treatment was higher in TRAIL-R4-KD cells than in respective control cells. Thus, our data provide evidence for the important regulatory functions of endogenous TRAIL-R4 in cancer cells and improve our understanding of the very complex human TRAIL/TRAIL-R system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Christina Rambow
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Insa Aschenbach
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sofie Hagelund
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Doaa Tawfik
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Paul Gundlach
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric-Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weiße
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Trauzold
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anna Trauzold,
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10
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Peng F, Liao M, Qin R, Zhu S, Peng C, Fu L, Chen Y, Han B. Regulated cell death (RCD) in cancer: key pathways and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:286. [PMID: 35963853 PMCID: PMC9376115 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD), also well-known as programmed cell death (PCD), refers to the form of cell death that can be regulated by a variety of biomacromolecules, which is distinctive from accidental cell death (ACD). Accumulating evidence has revealed that RCD subroutines are the key features of tumorigenesis, which may ultimately lead to the establishment of different potential therapeutic strategies. Hitherto, targeting the subroutines of RCD with pharmacological small-molecule compounds has been emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue, which has rapidly progressed in many types of human cancers. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing not only the key apoptotic and autophagy-dependent cell death signaling pathways, but the crucial pathways of other RCD subroutines, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, entosis, NETosis and lysosome-dependent cell death (LCD) in cancer. Moreover, we further discuss the current situation of several small-molecule compounds targeting the different RCD subroutines to improve cancer treatment, such as single-target, dual or multiple-target small-molecule compounds, drug combinations, and some new emerging therapeutic strategies that would together shed new light on future directions to attack cancer cell vulnerabilities with small-molecule drugs targeting RCD for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Minru Liao
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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11
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Safa AR. Drug and apoptosis resistance in cancer stem cells: a puzzle with many pieces. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:850-872. [PMID: 36627897 PMCID: PMC9771762 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer agents and apoptosis results in cancer relapse and is associated with cancer mortality. Substantial data have provided convincing evidence establishing that human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which display self-renewal and are resistant to anticancer drugs, radiation, and apoptosis, and express enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal progression. CSCs represent a heterogeneous tumor cell population and lack specific cellular targets, which makes it a great challenge to target and eradicate them. Similarly, their close relationship with the tumor microenvironment creates greater complexity in developing novel treatment strategies targeting CSCs. Several mechanisms participate in the drug and apoptosis resistance phenotype in CSCs in various cancers. These include enhanced expression of ATP-binding cassette membrane transporters, activation of various cytoprotective and survival signaling pathways, dysregulation of stemness signaling pathways, aberrant DNA repair mechanisms, increased quiescence, autophagy, increased immune evasion, deficiency of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins including c-FLIP [cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein], Bcl-2 family members, inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, and PI3K/AKT signaling. Studying such mechanisms not only provides mechanistic insights into these cells that are unresponsive to drugs, but may lead to the development of targeted and effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs. Several studies have identified promising strategies to target CSCs. These emerging strategies may help target CSC-associated drug resistance and metastasis in clinical settings. This article will review the CSCs drug and apoptosis resistance mechanisms and how to target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R. Safa
- Correspondence to: Dr. Ahmad R. Safa, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 635 Barnhill Dr. MS A416, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. E-mail:
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12
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Tokarev A, Machmach K, Creegan M, Kim D, Eller MA, Bolton DL. Single-Cell Profiling of Latently SIV-Infected CD4 + T Cells Directly Ex Vivo to Reveal Host Factors Supporting Reservoir Persistence. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0060422. [PMID: 35510859 PMCID: PMC9241701 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00604-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 cure strategies aiming to eliminate persistent infected cell reservoirs are hampered by a poor understanding of cells harboring viral DNA in vivo. We describe a novel method to identify, enumerate, and characterize in detail individual cells infected in vivo using a combination of single-cell multiplexed assays for integrated proviral DNA, quantitative viral and host gene expression, and quantitative surface protein expression without any in vitro manipulation. Latently infected CD4+ T cells, defined as harboring integrated provirus in the absence of spliced viral mRNA, were identified from macaque lymph nodes during acute, chronic, and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-suppressed simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. Latently infected CD4+ T cells were most abundant during acute SIV (~8% of memory CD4+ T cells) and persisted in chronic and cART-suppressed infection. Productively infected cells actively transcribing viral mRNA, by contrast, were much more labile and declined substantially between acute and chronic or cART-suppressed infection. Expression of most surface proteins and host genes was similar between latently infected cells and uninfected cells. Elevated FLIP mRNA and surface CD3 expression among latently infected cells suggest increased survival potential and capacity to respond to T cell receptor stimulation. These findings point to a large pool of latently infected CD4+ T cells established very early in acute infection and upregulated host factors that may facilitate their persistence in vivo, both of which pose potential challenges to eliminating HIV-1 reservoirs. IMPORTANCE Effective combination antiretroviral therapy controls HIV-1 infection but fails to eliminate latent viral reservoirs that give rise to viremia upon treatment interruption. Strategies to eradicate latently infected cells require a better understanding of their biology and distinguishing features to promote their elimination. Tools for studying these cells from patients are currently limited. Here, we developed a single-cell method to identify cells latently infected in vivo and to characterize these cells for expression of surface proteins and host genes without in vitro manipulation, capturing their in vivo state from SIV-infected macaques. Host factors involved in cell survival and proliferation were upregulated in latently infected cells, which were abundant in the earliest stages of acute infection. These studies provide insight into the basic biology of latently infected cells as well as potential mechanisms underlying the persistence of HIV-1/SIV reservoirs to inform development of novel HIV-1 cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Tokarev
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kawthar Machmach
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Creegan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dohoon Kim
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A. Eller
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane L. Bolton
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Interaction between the Hepatitis B Virus and Cellular FLIP Variants in Viral Replication and the Innate Immune System. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020373. [PMID: 35215970 PMCID: PMC8874586 DOI: 10.3390/v14020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral evolution and adaptation, many viruses have utilized host cellular factors and machinery as their partners. HBx, as a multifunctional viral protein encoded by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), promotes HBV replication and greatly contributes to the development of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBx interacts with several host factors in order to regulate HBV replication and evolve carcinogenesis. The cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme (FLICE)-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major factor that functions in a variety of cellular pathways and specifically in apoptosis. It has been shown that the interaction between HBx and c-FLIP determines HBV fate. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the interplay between c-FLIP and HBV in various environmental circumstances. We describe strategies adapted by HBV to establish its chronic infection. We also summarize the conventional roles of c-FLIP and highlight the functional outcome of the interaction between c-FLIP and HBV or other viruses in viral replication and the innate immune system.
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14
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Musiu C, Caligola S, Fiore A, Lamolinara A, Frusteri C, Del Pizzo FD, De Sanctis F, Canè S, Adamo A, Hofer F, Barouni RM, Grilli A, Zilio S, Serafini P, Tacconelli E, Donadello K, Gottin L, Polati E, Girelli D, Polidoro I, Iezzi PA, Angelucci D, Capece A, Chen Y, Shi ZL, Murray PJ, Chilosi M, Amit I, Bicciato S, Iezzi M, Bronte V, Ugel S. Fatal cytokine release syndrome by an aberrant FLIP/STAT3 axis. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:420-438. [PMID: 34518653 PMCID: PMC8435761 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses rapidly detect pathogen invasion and mount a regulated reaction. However, dysregulated anti-pathogen immune responses can provoke life-threatening inflammatory pathologies collectively known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), exemplified by key clinical phenotypes unearthed during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The underlying pathophysiology of CRS remains elusive. We found that FLIP, a protein that controls caspase-8 death pathways, was highly expressed in myeloid cells of COVID-19 lungs. FLIP controlled CRS by fueling a STAT3-dependent inflammatory program. Indeed, constitutive expression of a viral FLIP homolog in myeloid cells triggered a STAT3-linked, progressive, and fatal inflammatory syndrome in mice, characterized by elevated cytokine output, lymphopenia, lung injury, and multiple organ dysfunctions that mimicked human CRS. As STAT3-targeting approaches relieved inflammation, immune disorders, and organ failures in these mice, targeted intervention towards this pathway could suppress the lethal CRS inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Musiu
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XImmunology Section, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Caligola
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XImmunology Section, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XImmunology Section, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy ,grid.418615.f0000 0004 0491 845XMax Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Planegg, Germany
| | - Alessia Lamolinara
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941CAST - Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Department of Neurosciences Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Frusteri
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XImmunology Section, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Domenico Del Pizzo
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941CAST - Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Department of Neurosciences Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XImmunology Section, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Canè
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XImmunology Section, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Annalisa Adamo
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XImmunology Section, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Hofer
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XImmunology Section, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roza Maria Barouni
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XImmunology Section, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Grilli
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Serena Zilio
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Paolo Serafini
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Katia Donadello
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XIntensive Care Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Gottin
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XIntensive Care Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrico Polati
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XIntensive Care Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Girelli
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XDivision of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ildo Polidoro
- Complex Operational Unit of Forensic Medicine, Local Health Authority of Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Piera Amelia Iezzi
- Complex Operational Unit of Forensic Medicine, Local Health Authority of Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Domenico Angelucci
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, Local Health Authority of Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, Vasto, Italy
| | - Andrea Capece
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, Local Health Authority of Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, Vasto, Italy
| | - Ying Chen
- grid.439104.b0000 0004 1798 1925CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- grid.439104.b0000 0004 1798 1925CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Peter J. Murray
- grid.418615.f0000 0004 0491 845XMax Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Planegg, Germany
| | - Marco Chilosi
- Department of Pathology, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Ido Amit
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941CAST - Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Department of Neurosciences Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XImmunology Section, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XImmunology Section, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
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15
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Das S, Shukla N, Singh SS, Kushwaha S, Shrivastava R. Mechanism of interaction between autophagy and apoptosis in cancer. Apoptosis 2021; 26:512-533. [PMID: 34510317 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of two programmed cell death pathways, autophagy, and apoptosis, are extensively focused areas of research in the context of cancer. Both the catabolic pathways play a significant role in maintaining cellular as well as organismal homeostasis. Autophagy facilitates this by degradation and elimination of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles, while apoptosis induces canonical cell death in response to various stimuli. Ideally, both autophagy and apoptosis have a role in tumor suppression, as autophagy helps in eliminating the tumor cells, and apoptosis prevents their survival. However, as cancer proceeds, autophagy exhibits a dual role by enhancing cancer cell survival in response to stress conditions like hypoxia, thereby promoting chemoresistance to the tumor cells. Thus, any inadequacy in either of their levels can lead to tumor progression. A complex array of biomarkers is involved in maintaining coordination between the two by acting as either positive or negative regulators of one or both of these pathways of cell death. The resulting crosstalk between the two and its role in influencing the survival or death of malignant cells makes it quintessential, among other challenges facing chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. In view of this, the present review aims to highlight some of the factors involved in maintaining their diaphony and stresses the importance of inhibition of cytoprotective autophagy and deletion of the intermediate pathways involved to facilitate tumor cell death. This will pave the way for future prospects in designing drug combinations facilitating the synergistic effect of autophagy and apoptosis in achieving cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Richa Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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16
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Liang YH, Wu JM, Teng JW, Hung E, Wang HS. Embelin downregulated cFLIP in breast cancer cell lines facilitate anti-tumor effect of IL-1β-stimulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14720. [PMID: 34282169 PMCID: PMC8289868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death for women. In breast cancer treatment, targeted therapy would be more effective and less harmful than radiotherapy or systemic chemotherapy. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells. Mesenchymal stem cells have shown great therapeutic potential in cancer therapy owing to their ability of homing to tumor sites and secreting many kinds of anti-tumor proteins including TRAIL. In this study, we found that IL-1β-stimulated human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) enhance the expression of membrane-bound and soluble TRAIL. Cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme inhibitory protein (cFLIP) is an important regulator in TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and relates to TRAIL resistance in cancer cells. Previous studies have shown that embelin, which is extracted from Embelia ribes, can increase the TRAIL sensitivity of cancer cells by reducing cFLIP expression. Here we have demonstrated that cFLIPL is correlated with TRAIL-resistance and that embelin effectively downregulates cFLIPL in breast cancer cells. Moreover, co-culture of IL-1β-stimulated hUCMSCs with embelin-treated breast cancer cells could effectively induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The combined effects of embelin and IL-1β-stimulated hUCMSCs may provide a new therapeutic strategy for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Han Liang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiann-Ming Wu
- General Surgery Division, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Wen Teng
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Eric Hung
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hwai-Shi Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
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17
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Mahdizadeh SJ, Thomas M, Eriksson LA. Reconstruction of the Fas-Based Death-Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC) Using a Protein-Protein Docking Meta-Approach. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3543-3558. [PMID: 34196179 PMCID: PMC8389534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) is a fundamental multiprotein complex, which triggers the extrinsic apoptosis pathway through stimulation by death ligands. DISC consists of different death domain (DD) and death effector domain (DED) containing proteins such as the death receptor Fas (CD95) in complex with FADD, procaspase-8, and cFLIP. Despite many experimental and theoretical studies in this area, there is no global agreement neither on the DISC architecture nor on the mechanism of action of the involved species. In the current work, we have tried to reconstruct the DISC structure by identifying key protein interactions using a new protein-protein docking meta-approach. We combined the benefits of five of the most employed protein-protein docking engines, HADDOCK, ClusPro, HDOCK, GRAMM-X, and ZDOCK, in order to improve the accuracy of the predicted docking complexes. Free energy of binding and hot spot interacting residues were calculated and determined for each protein-protein interaction using molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area and alanine scanning techniques, respectively. In addition, a series of in-cellulo protein-fragment complementation assays were conducted to validate the protein-protein docking procedure. The results show that the DISC formation initiates by dimerization of adjacent FasDD trimers followed by recruitment of FADD through homotypic DD interactions with the oligomerized death receptor. Furthermore, the in-silico outcomes indicate that cFLIP cannot bind directly to FADD; instead, cFLIP recruitment to the DISC is a hierarchical and cooperative process where FADD initially recruits procaspase-8, which in turn recruits and heterodimerizes with cFLIP. Finally, a possible structure of the entire DISC is proposed based on the docking results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Jalil Mahdizadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Melissa Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Giulitti F, Petrungaro S, Mandatori S, Tomaipitinca L, de Franchis V, D'Amore A, Filippini A, Gaudio E, Ziparo E, Giampietri C. Anti-tumor Effect of Oleic Acid in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines via Autophagy Reduction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629182. [PMID: 33614661 PMCID: PMC7892977 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleic acid (OA) is a component of the olive oil. Beneficial health effects of olive oil are well-known, such as protection against liver steatosis and against some cancer types. In the present study, we focused on OA effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), investigating responses to OA treatment (50–300 μM) in HCC cell lines (Hep3B and Huh7.5) and in a healthy liver-derived human cell line (THLE-2). Upon OA administration higher lipid accumulation, perilipin-2 increase, and autophagy reduction were observed in HCC cells as compared to healthy cells. OA in the presence of 10% FBS significantly reduced viability of HCC cell lines at 300 μM through Alamar Blue staining evaluation, and reduced cyclin D1 expression in a dose-dependent manner while it was ineffective on healthy hepatocytes. Furthermore, OA increased cell death by about 30%, inducing apoptosis and necrosis in HCC cells but not in healthy hepatocytes at 300 μM dosage. Moreover, OA induced senescence in Hep3B, reduced P-ERK in both HCC cell lines and significantly inhibited the antiapoptotic proteins c-Flip and Bcl-2 in HCC cells but not in healthy hepatocytes. All these results led us to conclude that different cell death processes occur in these two HCC cell lines upon OA treatment. Furthermore, 300 μM OA significantly reduced the migration and invasion of both HCC cell lines, while it has no effects on healthy cells. Finally, we investigated autophagy role in OA-dependent effects by using the autophagy inducer torin-1. Combined OA/torin-1 treatment reduced lipid accumulation and cell death as compared to single OA treatment. We therefore concluded that OA effects in HCC cells lines are, at least, in part dependent on OA-induced autophagy reduction. In conclusion, we report for the first time an autophagy dependent relevant anti-cancer effect of OA in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Giulitti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Petrungaro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Mandatori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Tomaipitinca
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio de Franchis
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella D'Amore
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elio Ziparo
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Giampietri
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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19
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Adamo A, Frusteri C, Pallotta MT, Pirali T, Sartoris S, Ugel S. Moonlighting Proteins Are Important Players in Cancer Immunology. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613069. [PMID: 33584695 PMCID: PMC7873856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity and adaptation to environmental stress are the main features that tumor and immune system share. Except for intrinsic and high-defined properties, cancer and immune cells need to overcome the opponent's defenses by activating more effective signaling networks, based on common elements such as transcriptional factors, protein-based complexes and receptors. Interestingly, growing evidence point to an increasing number of proteins capable of performing diverse and unpredictable functions. These multifunctional proteins are defined as moonlighting proteins. During cancer progression, several moonlighting proteins are involved in promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment by reprogramming immune cells to support tumor growth and metastatic spread. Conversely, other moonlighting proteins support tumor antigen presentation and lymphocytes activation, leading to several anti-cancer immunological responses. In this light, moonlighting proteins could be used as promising new potential targets for improving current cancer therapies. In this review, we describe in details 12 unprecedented moonlighting proteins that during cancer progression play a decisive role in guiding cancer-associated immunomodulation by shaping innate or adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Adamo
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Frusteri
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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20
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Ross JA, Ahn BY, King J, Bressler KR, Senger DL, Thakor N. Eukaryotic initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) regulates temozolomide-mediated apoptosis in brain tumour stem cells (BTSCs). Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:647-652. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the deadliest cancers, owing in part to complex inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity and the presence of a population of stem-like cells called brain tumour stem cells (BTSCs/BTICs). These cancer stem cells survive treatment and confer resistance to the current therapies — namely, radiation and the chemotherapeutic, temozolomide (TMZ). TMZ induces cell death by alkylating DNA, and BTSCs resist this mechanism via a robust DNA damage response. Hence, recent studies aimed to sensitize BTSCs to TMZ using combination therapy, such as inhibition of DNA repair machinery. We have previously demonstrated in established GBM cell lines that eukaryotic initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) promotes the translation of pro-survival and anti-apoptotic proteins. Consequently, silencing eIF5B sensitizes these cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. However, established cell lines do not always recapitulate the features of human glioma. Therefore, we investigated this mechanism in patient-derived BTSCs. We show that silencing eIF5B leads to increased TMZ sensitivity in two BTSC lines: BT25 and BT48. Depletion of eIF5B decreases the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins in BT48 and sensitizes these cells to TMZ-induced activation of caspase-3, cleavage of PARP, and apoptosis. We suggest that eIF5B represents a rational target to sensitize GBM tumors to the current standard-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Ross
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bo Young Ahn
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer King
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kamiko R. Bressler
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Donna L. Senger
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nehal Thakor
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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21
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Maiese A, De Matteis A, Bolino G, Turillazzi E, Frati P, Fineschi V. Hypo-Expression of Flice-Inhibitory Protein and Activation of the Caspase-8 Apoptotic Pathways in the Death-Inducing Signaling Complex Due to Ischemia Induced by the Compression of the Asphyxiogenic Tool on the Skin in Hanging Cases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10110938. [PMID: 33198065 PMCID: PMC7696535 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIPL) (55 kDa) is expressed in numerous tissues and most abundantly in the kidney, skeletal muscles and heart. The c-FLIPL has a region of homology with caspase-8 at the carboxy-terminal end which allows the molecule to assume a tertiary structure similar to that of caspases-8 and -10. Consequently, c-FLIPL acts as a negative inhibitor of caspase-8, preventing the processing and subsequent release of the pro-apoptotic molecule active form. The c-FLIP plays as an inhibitor of apoptosis induced by a variety of agents, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), T cell receptor (TCR), TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), Fas and death receptor (DR). Increased expression of c-FLIP has been found in many human malignancies and shown to be involved in resistance to CD95/Fas and TRAIL receptor-induced apoptosis. We wanted to verify an investigative protocol using FLIP to make a differential diagnosis between skin sulcus with vitality or non-vital skin sulcus in hanged subjects and those undergoing simulated hanging (suspension of the victim after murder). The study group consisted of 21 cases who died from suicidal hanging. The control group consisted of traumatic or natural deaths, while a third group consisted of simulated hanging cases. The reactions to the Anti-FLIP Antibody (Abcam clone-8421) was scored for each section with a semi-quantitative method by means of microscopic observation carried out with confocal microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction. The results obtained allow us to state that the skin reaction to the FLIP is extremely clear and precise, allowing a diagnosis of unequivocal vitality and a very objective differentiation with the post-mortal skin sulcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Maiese
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy; (A.M.); (E.T.)
- IRCCS (Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy;
| | - Alessandra De Matteis
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome RM, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Giorgio Bolino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome RM, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy; (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Paola Frati
- IRCCS (Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy;
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome RM, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- IRCCS (Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy;
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome RM, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Lee YJ, Park KS, Nam HS, Cho MK, Lee SH. Apigenin causes necroptosis by inducing ROS accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ATP depletion in malignant mesothelioma cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:493-502. [PMID: 33093271 PMCID: PMC7585594 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.6.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, is known to exhibit significant anticancer activity. This study was designed to determine the effects of apigenin on two malignant mesothelioma cell lines, MSTO-211H and H2452, and to explore the underlying mechanism(s). Apigenin significantly inhibited cell viability with a concomitant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and ATP depletion, resulting in apoptosis and necroptosis in monolayer cell culture. Apigenin upregulated DNA damage response proteins, including the DNA double strand break marker phospho (p)-histone H2A.X. and caused a transition delay at the G2/M phase of cell cycle. Western blot analysis showed that apigenin treatment upregulated protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, p-MLKL, and p-RIP3 along with an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. ATP supplementation restored cell viability and levels of DNA damage-, apoptosis- and necroptosis-related proteins that apigenin caused. In addition, N-acetylcysteine reduced ROS production and improved ΔΨm loss and cell death that were caused by apigenin. In a 3D spheroid culture model, ROS-dependent necroptosis was found to be a mechanism involved in the anti-cancer activity of apigenin against malignant mesothelioma cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that apigenin can induce ROS-dependent necroptotic cell death due to ATP depletion through mitochondrial dysfunction. This study provides us a possible mechanism underlying why apigenin could be used as a therapeutic candidate for treating malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Hae-Seon Nam
- Division of Molecular Cancer Research, Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Moon-Kyun Cho
- Division of Molecular Cancer Research, Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Korea
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23
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TNF Signaling Dictates Myeloid and Non-Myeloid Cell Crosstalk to Execute MCMV-Induced Extrinsic Apoptosis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111221. [PMID: 33126536 PMCID: PMC7693317 DOI: 10.3390/v12111221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses all encode the viral inhibitor of caspase-8-induced apoptosis (vICA). After binding to this initiator caspase, vICA blocks caspase-8 proteolytic activity and ability to activate caspase-3 and/or caspase-7. In this manner, vICA has long been known to prevent apoptosis triggered via tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family death receptor-dependent extrinsic signaling. Here, we employ fully wild-type murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and vICA-deficient MCMV (∆M36) to investigate the contribution of TNF signaling to apoptosis during infection of different cell types. ∆M36 shows the expected ability to kill mouse splenic hematopoietic cells, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), and dendritic cells (BMDC). Antibody blockade or genetic elimination of TNF protects myeloid cells from death, and caspase-8 activation accompanies cell death. Interferons, necroptosis, and pyroptotic gasdermin D (GSDMD) do not contribute to myeloid cell death. Human and murine fibroblasts or murine endothelial cells (SVEC4-10) normally insensitive to TNF become sensitized to ∆M36-induced apoptosis when treated with TNF or TNF-containing BMDM-conditioned medium. We demonstrate that myeloid cells are the natural source of TNF that triggers apoptosis in either myeloid (autocrine) or non-myeloid cells (paracrine) during ∆M36 infection of mice. Caspase-8 suppression by vICA emerges as key to subverting innate immune elimination of a wide variety of infected cell types.
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The role of caspase-8 in the tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 40:303-318. [PMID: 33026575 PMCID: PMC7897206 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-8 is an aspartate-specific cysteine protease, which is best known for its apoptotic functions. Caspase-8 is placed at central nodes of multiple signal pathways, regulating not only the cell cycle but also the invasive and metastatic cell behavior, the immune cell homeostasis and cytokine production, which are the two major components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Ovarian cancer often has dysregulated caspase-8 expression, leading to imbalance between its apoptotic and non-apoptotic functions within the tumor and the surrounding milieu. The downregulation of caspase-8 in ovarian cancer seems to be linked to high aggressiveness with chronic inflammation, immunoediting, and immune resistance. Caspase-8 plays therefore an essential role not only in the primary tumor cells but also in the TME by regulating the immune response, B and T lymphocyte activation, and macrophage differentiation and polarization. The switch between M1 and M2 macrophages is possibly associated with changes in the caspase-8 expression. In this review, we are discussing the non-apoptotic functions of caspase-8, highlighting this protein as a modulator of the immune response and the cytokine composition in the TME. Considering the low survival rate among ovarian cancer patients, it is urgently necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies to optimize the response to the standard treatment. The TME is highly heterogenous and provides a variety of opportunities for new drug targets. Given the variety of roles of caspase-8 in the TME, we should focus on this protein in the development of new therapeutic strategies against the TME of ovarian cancer.
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25
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Bai ZQ, Liu B, Ma X, Hu K. Backbone and side-chain chemical shift assignments of a cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP S). BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2020; 14:239-243. [PMID: 32506385 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), which is involved in regulating the apoptosis of the extrinsic cell death pathway contains two death effector domains (DED). There are several splicing variants including short-form (c-FLIPS) and long-form (c-FLIPL). The death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) initiates apoptosis and programmed necrosis, DISC assembly and activation are regulated by c-FLIP. Here we report the NMR chemical shift assignments of c-FLIPs, which pave the way for investigating the molecular basis of the anti-apoptotic function of c-FLIPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Transcription Analysis of the Chemerin Impact on Gene Expression Profile in the Luteal Cells of Gilts. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060651. [PMID: 32545672 PMCID: PMC7349926 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is a recently discovered adipokine that participates in the regulation of many physiological and disorder-related processes in mammals, including metabolism, inflammatory reactions, obesity, and reproduction. We investigated how chemerin affects the transcriptome profile of porcine luteal cells. The luteal cells were acquired from mature gilts. After the in vitro culturing with and without chemerin, the total RNAs were isolated and high-throughput sequencing was performed. Obtained datasets were processed using bioinformatic tools. The study revealed 509 differentially expressed genes under the chemerin influence. Their products take part in many processes, important for the functions of the corpus luteum, such as steroids and prostaglandins synthesis, NF-κB and JAK/STAT signal transducing pathways, and apoptosis. The expression of the CASP3, HSD3B7, IL1B, and PTGS2 genes, due to their important role in the physiology of the corpus luteum, was validated using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. The qPCR confirmed the changes of gene expression. Chemerin in physiological concentrations significantly affects the expression of many genes in luteal cells of pigs, which is likely to result in modification of physiological processes related to reproduction.
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27
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Safa AR. Resistance to drugs and cell death in cancer stem cells (CSCs). JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:341. [PMID: 35330670 PMCID: PMC8941648 DOI: 10.15761/jts.1000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are resistant to cancer chemotherapeutic agents, radiation, and cell death. Moreover, autophagy provides the cytoprotective effect which contributes to drug resistance in these cells. Furthermore, much evidence shows that CSCs cause tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. Various signaling pathways including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), NOTCH1, and Wnt/β-catenin as well as the CSC markers maintain CSC properties. Several mechanisms including overexpression of ABC multidrug resistance transporters, a deficiency in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, upregulation of c-FLIP, overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), and PI3K/AKT signaling contribute to enhancing resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and cell death induction in CSCs in various cancers. Studying such pathways may help provide detailed understanding of CSC mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and apoptosis and may lead to the development of effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Safa
- Correspondence to: Ahmad R. Safa, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 635 Barnhill, Dr. MS A416, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,
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28
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Kaushal GP, Chandrashekar K, Juncos LA, Shah SV. Autophagy Function and Regulation in Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010100. [PMID: 31936109 PMCID: PMC7022273 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a dynamic process by which intracellular damaged macromolecules and organelles are degraded and recycled for the synthesis of new cellular components. Basal autophagy in the kidney acts as a quality control system and is vital for cellular metabolic and organelle homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, autophagy facilitates cellular adaptation; however, activation of autophagy in response to renal injury may be insufficient to provide protection, especially under dysregulated conditions. Kidney-specific deletion of Atg genes in mice has consistently demonstrated worsened acute kidney injury (AKI) outcomes supporting the notion of a pro-survival role of autophagy. Recent studies have also begun to unfold the role of autophagy in progressive renal disease and subsequent fibrosis. Autophagy also influences tubular cell death in renal injury. In this review, we reported the current understanding of autophagy regulation and its role in the pathogenesis of renal injury. In particular, the classic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent signaling pathway and other mTOR-independent alternative signaling pathways of autophagy regulation were described. Finally, we summarized the impact of autophagy activation on different forms of cell death, including apoptosis and regulated necrosis, associated with the pathophysiology of renal injury. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy would identify important targets for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gur P. Kaushal
- Renal Section, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock, Arkansas and Division of Nephrology, 4300 W 7th St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (L.A.J.); (S.V.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-501-257-5834; Fax: +1-501-257-5827
| | - Kiran Chandrashekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Luis A. Juncos
- Renal Section, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock, Arkansas and Division of Nephrology, 4300 W 7th St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (L.A.J.); (S.V.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Sudhir V. Shah
- Renal Section, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock, Arkansas and Division of Nephrology, 4300 W 7th St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (L.A.J.); (S.V.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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29
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Hirpara JL, Subramaniam K, Bellot G, Qu J, Seah S, Loh T, Tucker-Kellogg L, Clement MV, Pervaiz S. Superoxide induced inhibition of death receptor signaling is mediated via induced expression of apoptosis inhibitory protein cFLIP. Redox Biol 2019; 30:101403. [PMID: 31954371 PMCID: PMC6965745 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The death inhibitory proteins, cFLIP and Bcl-2, canonically act at different steps to regulate receptor-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. Here we report that pharmacological or genetic means to effect an increase in intracellular superoxide result in cFLIP upregulation. Interestingly, Bcl-2 overexpression is associated with a concomitant increase in cFLIP, and reducing superoxide sensitizes Bcl-2 overexpressing cancer cells to receptor-mediated apoptosis via downregulation of cFLIP. Moreover, inhibiting glycolytic flux overcomes apoptosis resistance by superoxide-dependent downregulation of cFLIP. Superoxide-induced upregulation of cFLIP is a function of enhanced transcription, as evidenced by increases in cFLIP promoter activity and mRNA abundance. The positive effect of superoxide on cFLIP is mediated through its reaction with nitric oxide to generate peroxynitrite. Corroborating these findings in cell lines, subjecting primary cells derived from lymphoma patients to glucose deprivation ex vivo, as a means to decrease superoxide, not only reduced cFLIP expression but also significantly enhanced death receptor sensitivity. Based on this novel mechanistic insight into the redox regulation of cancer cell fate, modulation of intracellular superoxide could have potential therapeutic implications in cancers in which these two death inhibitory proteins present a therapeutic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory Bellot
- Department of Hand & Reconstructive Microsurgery, University Orthopedic, Hand & Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jianhua Qu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Serena Seah
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Loh
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lisa Tucker-Kellogg
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Marie-Veronique Clement
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Medical Science Cluster Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Medical Science Cluster Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.
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Proanthocyanidin-Rich Fractions from Red Rice Extract Enhance TNF-α-Induced Cell Death and Suppress Invasion of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell A549. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183393. [PMID: 31540489 PMCID: PMC6767152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a key role in promoting tumor progression, such as stimulation of cell proliferation and metastasis via activation of NF-κB and AP-1. The proanthocyanidin-rich fraction obtained from red rice (PRFR) has been reported for its anti-tumor effects in cancer cells. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms associated with PRFR on cell survival and metastasis of TNF-α-induced A549 human lung adenocarcinoma. Notably, PRFR enhanced TNF-α-induced A549 cell death when compared with PRFP alone and caused a G0-G1 cell cycle arrest. Although, PRFR alone enhanced cell apoptosis, the combination treatment induced the cells that had been enhanced with PRFR and TNF-α to apoptosis that was less than PRFR alone and displayed a partial effect on caspase-8 activation and PARP cleavage. By using the autophagy inhibitor; 3-MA attenuated the effect of how PRFR enhanced TNF-α-induced cell death. This indicates that PRFR not only enhanced TNF-α-induced A549 cell death by apoptotic pathway, but also by induction autophagy. Moreover, PRFR also inhibited TNF-α-induced A549 cell invasion. This effect was associated with PRFR suppressed the TNF-α-induced level of expression for survival, proliferation, and invasive proteins. This was due to reduce of MAPKs, Akt, NF-κB, and AP-1 activation. Taken together, our results suggest that TNF-α-induced A549 cell survival and invasion are attenuated by PRFR through the suppression of the MAPKs, Akt, AP-1, and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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31
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Kuensaen C, Chomdej S, Kongdang P, Sirikaew N, Jaitham R, Thonghoi S, Ongchai S. LL-37 alone and in combination with IL17A enhances proinflammatory cytokine expression in parallel with hyaluronan metabolism in human synovial sarcoma cell line SW982-A step toward understanding the development of inflammatory arthritis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218736. [PMID: 31260471 PMCID: PMC6602187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin-family host defense peptide and has been reported to interact with invading pathogens causing inflammation at various body sites. Recent studies showed high levels of LL-37 in the synovial-lining membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a common type of inflammatory arthritis. The present study aims to investigate the role of LL-37 on mechanisms associated with pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. The effects of LL-37 on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, hyaluronan (HA) metabolism-related genes, cell death-related pathways, and cell invasion were investigated in SW982, a human synovial sarcoma cell line. Time-course measurements of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators showed that LL-37 significantly induced IL6 and IL17A mRNA levels at early time points (3–6 hr). HA-metabolism-related genes (i.e., HA synthase 2 (HAS2), HAS3, hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1), HYAL2, and CD44) were co-expressed in parallel. In combination, LL-37 and IL17A significantly enhanced PTGS2, TNF, and HAS3 gene expression concomitantly with the elevation of their respective products, PGE2, TNF, and HA. Cell invasion rates and FN1 gene expression were also significantly enhanced. However, LL-37 alone or combined with IL17A did not affect cell mortality or cell cycle. Treatment of SW982 cells with both LL-37 and IL17A significantly enhanced IKK and p65 phosphorylation. These findings suggest that the chronic production of a high level of LL-37 may synchronize with its downstream proinflammatory cytokines, especially IL17A, contributing to the co-operative enhancement of pathogenesis mechanisms of inflammatory arthritis, such as high production of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators together with the activation of HA-metabolism-associated genes and cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakkrapong Kuensaen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriwadee Chomdej
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patiwat Kongdang
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nutnicha Sirikaew
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Rungnaree Jaitham
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supitcha Thonghoi
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Ongchai
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Jan R, Chaudhry GES. Understanding Apoptosis and Apoptotic Pathways Targeted Cancer Therapeutics. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:205-218. [PMID: 31380246 PMCID: PMC6664112 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various physiological processes involve appropriate tissue developmental process and homeostasis - the pathogenesis of several diseases connected with deregulatory apoptosis process. Apoptosis plays a crucial role in maintaining a balance between cell death and division, evasion of apoptosis results in the uncontrolled multiplication of cells leading to different diseases such as cancer. Currently, the development of apoptosis targeting anticancer drugs has gained much interest since cell death induced by apoptosis causes minimal inflammation. The understanding of complexities of apoptosis mechanism and how apoptosis is evolved by tumor cells to oppose cell death has focused research into the new strategies designed to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This review focused on the underlying mechanism of apoptosis and the dysregulation of apoptosis modulators involved in the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathway, which include death receptors (DRs) proteins, cellular FLICE inhibitory proteins (c-FLIP), anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), tumor suppressor (p53) in cancer cells along with various current clinical approaches aimed to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehmat Jan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Terengganu Malaysia, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Gul-E-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Terengganu Malaysia, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia
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33
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Safa AR, Kamocki K, Saadatzadeh MR, Bijangi-Vishehsaraei K. c-FLIP, a Novel Biomarker for Cancer Prognosis, Immunosuppression, Alzheimer's Disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and a Rationale Therapeutic Target. BIOMARKERS JOURNAL 2019; 5:4. [PMID: 32352084 PMCID: PMC7189798 DOI: 10.36648/2472-1646.5.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of c-FLIP (cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme inhibitory protein) has been shown in several diseases including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). c-FLIP is a critical anti-cell death protein often overexpressed in tumors and hematological malignancies and its increased expression is often associated with a poor prognosis. c-FLIP frequently exists as long (c-FLIPL) and short (c-FLIPS) isoforms, regulates its anti-cell death functions through binding to FADD (FAS associated death domain protein), an adaptor protein known to activate caspases-8 and -10 and links c-FLIP to several cell death regulating complexes including the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formed by various death receptors. c-FLIP also plays a critical role in necroptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, c-FLIP is able to activate several pathways involved in cytoprotection, proliferation, and survival of cancer cells through various critical signaling proteins. Additionally, c-FLIP can inhibit cell death induced by several chemotherapeutics, anti-cancer small molecule inhibitors, and ionizing radiation. Moreover, c-FLIP plays major roles in aiding the survival of immunosuppressive tumor-promoting immune cells and functions in inflammation, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, c-FLIP can serve as a versatile biomarker for cancer prognosis, a diagnostic marker for several diseases, and an effective therapeutic target. In this article, we review the functions of c-FLIP as an anti-apoptotic protein and negative prognostic factor in human cancers, and its roles in resistance to anticancer drugs, necroptosis and autophagy, immunosuppression, Alzheimer's disease, and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Safa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kamocki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - M Reza Saadatzadeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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Lee YR, Hwang E, Jang YJ. Involvement of p38 Activation and Mitochondria in Death of Human Leukemia Cells Induced by an Agonistic Human Monoclonal Antibody Fab Specific to TRAIL Receptor 1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081967. [PMID: 31013630 PMCID: PMC6515105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces cancer cell death with minimal damage to normal cells; however, some cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL. TRAIL resistance may be overcome by agonistic antibodies to TRAIL receptors. In this study, we report the toxic effects of a novel recombinant agonistic human anti-TRAIL receptor 1 (DR4) monoclonal antibody Fab fragment, DR4-4, on various TRAIL-resistant and -sensitive cancer cell lines. The mechanisms of DR4-4 Fab-induced cell death in a human T cell leukemia cell line (Jurkat) were investigated using cell viability testing, immunoblotting, immunoassays, flow cytometry, and morphological observation. DR4-4 Fab-induced caspase-independent necrosis was observed to occur in Jurkat cells in association with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein degradation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Increased cytotoxic effects of DR4-4 Fab were observed in combination with TRAIL or γ-irradiation. Our results indicate that the novel DR4-4 Fab might overcome TRAIL-resistance and induce death in leukemia cells via cellular mechanisms different from those activated by TRAIL. DR4-4 Fab may have application as a potential therapeutic antibody fragment in single or combination therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ri Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Eunjoo Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Young-Ju Jang
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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35
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Greene S, Patel P, Allen CT. How patients with an intact immune system develop head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2019; 92:26-32. [PMID: 31010619 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the adaptive immune system can detect and eliminate malignant cells, patients with intact and fully functional immune systems develop head and neck cancer. How is this paradox explained? Manuscripts published in the English language from 1975 to 2018 were reviewed using search inputs related to tumor cell antigenicity and immunogenicity, immunodominance, cancer immunoediting and genomic alterations present within carcinomas. Early in tumor development, T cell responses to immunodominant antigens may lead to the elimination of cancer cells expressing these antigens and a tumor composed to tumor cells expressing only immunorecessive antigens. Conversely, other tumor cells may acquire genomic or epigenetic alterations that result in an antigen processing or presentation defect or other inability to be detected or killed by T cells. Such T cell insensitive tumor cells may also be selected for in a progressing tumor. Tumors harboring subpopulations of cells that cannot be eliminated by T cells may require non-T cell-based treatments, such as NK cell immunotherapies. Recognition of such tumor cell populations within a heterogeneous cancer may inform the selection of treatment for HNSCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Greene
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Priya Patel
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clint T Allen
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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36
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Shi P, Zhang S, Zhu L, Qian G, Ren H, Ramalingam SS, Chen M, Sun SY. The Third-Generation EGFR Inhibitor, Osimertinib, Promotes c-FLIP Degradation, Enhancing Apoptosis Including TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in NSCLC Cells with Activating EGFR Mutations. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:705-713. [PMID: 30856555 PMCID: PMC6411612 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The third-generation EGFR inhibitor, osimertinib (AZD9291), selectively and irreversibly inhibits EGFR activating and T790 M mutants while sparing wild-type EGFR. Osimertinib is now an approved drug for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activating EGFR mutations (first-line) or those who have become resistant to 1st generation EGFR inhibitors through the T790 M mutation (second-line). Unfortunately, all patients eventually relapse and develop resistance to osimertinib. Hence, it is essential to fully understand the biology underlying the development of resistance to osimertinib in order to improve its therapeutic efficacy and overcome resistance. Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a truncated form of caspase-8 and functions as a key inhibitor of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The current study has demonstrated that osimertinib reduces c-FLIP levels via facilitating its degradation and enhances apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) primarily in NSCLC with activating EGFR mutations. Moreover, modulation of c-FLIP expression levels, to some degree, also alters the sensitivities of EGFR mutant NSCLC cells to undergo osimertinib-induced apoptosis, suggesting that c-FLIP suppression is an important event contributing to the antitumor activity of osimertinib against EGFR mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyu Shi
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuo Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drug, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Guoqing Qian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hui Ren
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mingwei Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Ross JA, Dungen KV, Bressler KR, Fredriksen M, Khandige Sharma D, Balasingam N, Thakor N. Eukaryotic initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) provides a critical cell survival switch to glioblastoma cells via regulation of apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:57. [PMID: 30670698 PMCID: PMC6342974 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Physiological stress conditions attenuate global mRNA translation via modifications of key eukaryotic initiation factors. However, non-canonical translation initiation mechanisms allow cap-independent translation of certain mRNAs. We have previously demonstrated that eIF5B promotes cap-independent translation of the mRNA encoding the antiapoptotic factor, XIAP, during cellular stress. Here, we show that depletion of eIF5B sensitizes glioblastoma multiforme cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by a pathway involving caspases-8, −9, and −7, with no significant effect on cell cycle progression. eIF5B promotes evasion of apoptosis by promoting the translation of several IRES-containing mRNAs, encoding the antiapoptotic proteins XIAP, Bcl-xL, cIAP1, and c-FLIPS. We also show that eIF5B promotes translation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and suggest that reactive oxygen species contribute to increased apoptosis under conditions of eIF5B depletion. Finally, eIF5B depletion leads to decreased activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that eIF5B represents a regulatory node, allowing cancer cells to evade apoptosis by promoting the translation of pro-survival proteins from IRES-containing mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Ross
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Keiran Vanden Dungen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Kamiko R Bressler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Mikayla Fredriksen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Divya Khandige Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Nirujah Balasingam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Nehal Thakor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada. .,Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience (CCBN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada. .,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate protects ARPE-19 cells against oxidative stress by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15137. [PMID: 30310136 PMCID: PMC6181947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is considered to be a major contributor to the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Previous investigations have shown that sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) can alleviate oxidative stress in haemorrhagic shock-induced organ damage and cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mice. However, whether STS has a protective effect in ARPE-19 cells under oxidative stress and its exact mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we utilized H2O2 to establish an oxidative stress environment. Our findings show that STS activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to inhibit autophagy and diminished the expression of the autophagic proteins Beclin 1, ATG3, ATG7 and ATG9 in ARPE-19 cells under oxidative stress. Detection of the intrinsic apoptosis-related factors BAX, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase-9, caspase-3 and BCL-2, as well as the extrinsic apoptosis-related factors c-FLIP, v-FLIP and caspase-8, confirmed that STS inhibited the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, and attenuated apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells under oxidative stress conditions. These findings shed new light on the protective effects of STS in ARPE-19 cells and its mechanisms under oxidative stress to provide novel and promising therapeutic strategies for AMD.
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Cigarette smoke exposure decreases CFLAR expression in the bronchial epithelium, augmenting susceptibility for lung epithelial cell death and DAMP release. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12426. [PMID: 30127367 PMCID: PMC6102306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for the inflammatory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanism by which cigarette smoke (CS) induces chronic lung inflammation is still largely unknown. We hypothesize that immunogenic airway epithelial cell death is involved in the initiation of the inflammatory response. We previously identified CFLAR, the gene encoding the cell death regulator protein c-FLIP, to be associated with CS-induced release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Here, we investigated the effect of CS on expression levels of CFLAR in bronchial biopsies from smokers and non-smokers and CFLAR transcript isoform-expression in a dataset of air-liquid interface-differentiated bronchial epithelial cells. Furthermore, CFLAR was down-regulated by siRNA in lung epithelial A549 cells, followed by investigation of the effects on apoptosis, necrosis and DAMP release. CS exposure significantly decreased CFLAR expression in bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, we observed a shift in relative abundance of the isoforms c-FLIPS and c-FLIPL transcripts in bronchial biopsies of current smokers compared to non-smokers, consistent with a shift towards necroptosis. In vitro, down-regulation of CFLAR increased apoptosis at baseline as well as CS extract-induced necrosis and DAMP release. In conclusion, CS exposure decreases CFLAR expression, which might increase susceptibility to immunogenic cell death.
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Gupta B, Ruttala HB, Poudel BK, Pathak S, Regmi S, Gautam M, Poudel K, Sung MH, Ou W, Jin SG, Jeong JH, Ku SK, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO. Polyamino Acid Layer-by-Layer (LbL) Constructed Silica-Supported Mesoporous Titania Nanocarriers for Stimuli-Responsive Delivery of microRNA 708 and Paclitaxel for Combined Chemotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24392-24405. [PMID: 29978708 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular Fas-associated protein with death domain-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), often strongly expressed in numerous cancers, plays a pivotal role in thwarting apoptosis and inducing chemotherapy resistance in cancer. An integrated approach combining chemotherapy with suppression of c-FLIP levels could prove paramount in the treatment of cancers with c-FLIP overexpression. In this study, we utilized a polymeric layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of silica-supported mesoporous titania nanoparticles (MTNst) to co-deliver paclitaxel (PTX) and microRNA 708 (miR708) for simultaneous chemotherapy and c-FLIP suppression in colorectal carcinoma. The resulting LbL miR708/PTX-MTNst showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HCT-116 and DLD-1 colorectal carcinoma cell lines, which was remarkably superior to that of free PTX or LbL PTX-MTNst. LbL miR708/PTX-MTNst strongly inhibited c-FLIP expression and resulted in increased expression of proapoptotic proteins. In DLD-1 xenograft tumor-bearing mice, the nanoparticles accumulated in the tumor, resulting in remarkable tumor regression, with the PTX and miR708-loaded nanoparticles showing significantly greater inhibitory effects than the free PTX or PTX-loaded nanoparticles. Immunohistochemical analyses of the tumors further confirmed the remarkable apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of the nanoparticles, whereas organ histology reinforced the biocompatibility of the system. Therefore, the LbL miR708/PTX-MTNst system, owing to its ability to deliver both chemotherapeutic drug and inhibitory miRNA to the tumor site, shows great potential to treat colorectal carcinoma in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biki Gupta
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , 214-1, Dae-Dong , Gyeongsan 712-749 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hima Bindu Ruttala
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , 214-1, Dae-Dong , Gyeongsan 712-749 , Republic of Korea
| | - Bijay Kumar Poudel
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , 214-1, Dae-Dong , Gyeongsan 712-749 , Republic of Korea
| | - Shiva Pathak
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , 214-1, Dae-Dong , Gyeongsan 712-749 , Republic of Korea
| | - Shobha Regmi
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , 214-1, Dae-Dong , Gyeongsan 712-749 , Republic of Korea
| | - Milan Gautam
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , 214-1, Dae-Dong , Gyeongsan 712-749 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kishwor Poudel
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , 214-1, Dae-Dong , Gyeongsan 712-749 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , 214-1, Dae-Dong , Gyeongsan 712-749 , Republic of Korea
| | - Wenquan Ou
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , 214-1, Dae-Dong , Gyeongsan 712-749 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Giu Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Dankook University , 119 Dandae-ro , Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , 214-1, Dae-Dong , Gyeongsan 712-749 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- College of Korean Medicine , Daegu Haany University , Gyeongsan 712-702 , Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro , Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , 214-1, Dae-Dong , Gyeongsan 712-749 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , 214-1, Dae-Dong , Gyeongsan 712-749 , Republic of Korea
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Wright C, Iyer AKV, Yakisich JS, Azad N. Anti-Tumorigenic Effects of Resveratrol in Lung Cancer Cells Through Modulation of c-FLIP. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 17:669-680. [PMID: 28302032 DOI: 10.2174/1568009617666170315162932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties in multiple cancer types. Here we demonstrate that H460 lung cancer cells are more susceptible to resveratrol treatment in comparison to human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells. Resveratrol decreases cell viability and proliferation, and induces significant apoptosis in H460 cells. The apoptosis observed was accompanied by an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, Bid, PARP and caspase 8 activation, and downregulation of pEGFR, pAkt, c-FLIP and NFkB protein expression. Furthermore, treatment with HH2O2 scavenger catalase significantly inhibited resveratrol-induced c-FLIP downregulation, caspase-8 activation and apoptosis. Overexpression of c-FLIP in H460 cells (FLIP cells) resulted in the inhibition of resveratrol-induced HH2O2 production, and a significant increase in resveratrolinduced apoptosis in comparison to H460 cells. In FLIP cells, catalase treatment did not rescue cells from a decrease in cell viability and apoptosis induction by resveratrol as compared to H460 cells. Resveratrol treatment also led to VEGF downregulation in FLIP cells. Furthermore, inhibition of pEGFR or pAkt using erlotinib and LY294002 respectively, enhanced the negative effect of resveratrol on FLIP cell viability and apoptosis. The reverse was observed when FLIP cells were supplemented with EGF, or transfected with WT-AKT plasmid; resulting in a 20% decrease in resveratrol-induced apoptosis. In addition, transfection with WT-AKT plasmid resulted in the inhibition of pro-apoptotic protein activation, and c-FLIP and pAkt downregulation. CONCLUSION Overall, resveratrol induced apoptosis in H460 lung cancer cells by specifically targeting pAkt and c-FLIP dowregulation by proteasomal degradation in a EGFR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668. United States
| | - Anand Krishnan V Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668. United States
| | - Juan S Yakisich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668. United States
| | - Neelam Azad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668. United States
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Kumar M, Irungbam K, Kataria M. Depletion of membrane cholesterol compromised caspase-8 imparts in autophagy induction and inhibition of cell migration in cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:23. [PMID: 29467593 PMCID: PMC5819249 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholesterol in lipid raft plays crucial role on cancer cell survival during metastasis of cancer cells. Cancer cells are reported to enrich cholesterol in lipid raft which make them more susceptible to cell death after cholesterol depletion than normal cells. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), an amphipathic polysaccharide known to deplete the membrane cholesterol, induces cell death selectively in cancer cells. Present work was designed to identify the major form of programmed cell death in membrane cholesterol depleted cancer cells (MDA-MB 231 and 4T1) and its impact on migration efficiency of cancer cells. Methods Membrane cholesterol alteration and morphological changes in 4T1 and MDA-MB 231 cancer cells by MβCD were measured by fluorescent microscopy. Cell death and cell proliferation were observed by PI, AO/EB and MTT assay respectively. Programme cell death was confirmed by flow cytometer. Caspase activation was assessed by MTT and PI after treatments with Z-VAD [OME]-FMK, mitomycin c and cycloheximide. Necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis and paraptosis were examined by cell proliferation assay and flow cytometry. Relative quantitation of mRNA of caspase-8, necroptosis and autophagy genes were performed. Migration efficiency of cancer cells were determined by wound healing assay. Results We found caspase independent cell death in cholesterol depleted MDA-MB 231 cells which was reduced by (3-MA) an autophagy inhibitor. Membrane cholesterol depletion neither induces necroptosis, paraptosis nor pyroptosis in MDA-MB 231 cells. Subsequent activation of caspase-8 after co-incubation of mitomycin c and cycloheximide separately, restored the cell viability in cholesterol depleted MDA-MB 231 cells. Down regulation of caspase-8 mRNA in cholesterol depleted cancer cells ensures that caspase-8 indirectly promotes the induction of autophagy. In another experiment we have demonstrated that membrane cholesterol depletion reduces the migration efficiency in cancer cells. Conclusion Together our experimental data suggests that membrane cholesterol is the crucial for the recruitment and activation of caspase-8 as well as its non-apoptotic functions in cancer cells. Enriched cholesterol in lipid raft of cancer cells may be regulating the cross talk between caspase-8 and autophagy machineries to promote their survival and migration. Therefore it can be explored to understand and address the issues of chemotherapeutic and drugs resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Meena Kataria
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Yu X, Ling J, Liu X, Guo S, Lin Y, Liu X, Su L. Cordycepin induces autophagy-mediated c-FLIPL degradation and leads to apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6691-6699. [PMID: 28035061 PMCID: PMC5351663 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin, a main active composition extracted from Cordyceps militaris, has been reported to exert anti-tumor activity in a broad spectrum of cancer types. However, the function of cordycepin on human non-small cell lung cancer cells is still obscure. Our present work showed that cordycepin inhibited cell growth by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in human NSCLC cells. Further study revealed that cordycepin triggered extrinsic apoptosis associated with down-regulation of c-FLIPL which suppresses the activity of caspase-8. And ectopic expression of c-FLIPL dramatically prevented cordycepin-caused apoptosis. Meanwhile, cordycepin stimulated autophagy through suppressing mTOR signaling pathway in lung cancer cells. When autophagy was blocked by Atg5 siRNA or PI3K inhibitor LY294002, the levels of apoptosis caused by cordycepin were obviously attenuated. In addition, suppression of autophagy could also elevate the level of c-FLIPL which indicated cordycepin-triggered autophagy promoted the degradation of c-FLIPL. Therefore, we conclude that cordycepin induces apoptosis through autophagy-mediated downregulation of c-FLIPL in human NSCLC cells. Taken together, our findings provide a novel prospect on the anti-tumor property of cordycepin, which may further prompt cordycepin to serve as a promising therapeutic approach in NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Shandong University School of Life Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianya Ling
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Shandong University School of Life Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xianfang Liu
- The Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Shandong University School of Life Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yidan Lin
- The Thoracic Surgery Department of West China Hospital, West China Medical School of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Shandong University School of Life Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Shandong University School of Life Sciences, Jinan, China
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Granato M, Gilardini Montani MS, Santarelli R, D'Orazi G, Faggioni A, Cirone M. Apigenin, by activating p53 and inhibiting STAT3, modulates the balance between pro-apoptotic and pro-survival pathways to induce PEL cell death. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:167. [PMID: 29179721 PMCID: PMC5704516 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Apigenin is a flavonoid widely distributed in plant kingdom that exerts cytotoxic effects against a variety of solid and haematological cancers. In this study, we investigated the effect of apigenin against primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a KSHV-associated B cell lymphoma characterized by a very aggressive behavior, displaying constitutive activation of STAT3 as well as of other oncogenic pathways and harboring wtp53. Methods Cell death was assessed by trypan blue exclusion assay, FACS analysis as well as by biochemical studies. The latter were also utilized to detect the occurrence of autophagy and the molecular mechanisms leading to the activation of both processes by apigenin. FACS analysis was used to measure the intracellular ROS utilizing DCFDA. Results We show that apigenin induced PEL cell death and autophagy along with reduction of intracellular ROS. Mechanistically, apigenin activated p53 that induced catalase, a ROS scavenger enzyme, and inhibited STAT3, the most important pro-survival pathway in PEL, as assessed by p53 silencing. On the other hand, STAT3 inhibition by apigenin resulted in p53 activation, since STAT3 negatively influences p53 activity, highlighting a regulatory loop between these two pathways that modulates PEL cell death/survival. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrate that apigenin may modulate pro-apoptotic and pro-survival pathways representing a valid therapeutic strategy against PEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Granato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Tumor Biology Section, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Faggioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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45
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Guo L, Zhang P, Chen Z, Xia H, Li S, Zhang Y, Kobberup S, Zou W, Lin JD. Hepatic neuregulin 4 signaling defines an endocrine checkpoint for steatosis-to-NASH progression. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4449-4461. [PMID: 29106384 DOI: 10.1172/jci96324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by progressive liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis; however, the mechanisms that govern the transition from hepatic steatosis, which is relatively benign, to NASH remain poorly defined. Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) is an adipose tissue-enriched endocrine factor that elicits beneficial metabolic effects in obesity. Here, we show that Nrg4 is a key component of an endocrine checkpoint that preserves hepatocyte health and counters diet-induced NASH in mice. Nrg4 deficiency accelerated liver injury, fibrosis, inflammation, and cell death in a mouse model of NASH. In contrast, transgenic expression of Nrg4 in adipose tissue alleviated diet-induced NASH. Nrg4 attenuated hepatocyte death in a cell-autonomous manner by blocking ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of c-FLIPL, a negative regulator of cell death. Adeno-associated virus-mediated (AAV-mediated) rescue of hepatic c-FLIPL expression in Nrg4-deficent mice functionally restored the brake for steatosis to NASH transition. Thus, hepatic Nrg4 signaling serves as an endocrine checkpoint for steatosis-to-NASH progression by activating a cytoprotective pathway to counter stress-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Houjun Xia
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Siming Li
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Sune Kobberup
- Metabolic Disease Research, Novo Nordisk, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Hwang IH, Oh SY, Jang HJ, Jo E, Joo JC, Lee KB, Yoo HS, Lee MY, Park SJ, Jang IS. Cordycepin promotes apoptosis in renal carcinoma cells by activating the MKK7-JNK signaling pathway through inhibition of c-FLIPL expression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186489. [PMID: 29045468 PMCID: PMC5646797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a key anti-apoptotic regulator that associates with the signaling complex downstream of NF-κB, negatively interfering with apoptotic signaling. The role of c-FLIP downregulation by negative regulation of NF-κB signaling during apoptosis is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that NF-κB-mediated c-FLIPL negatively regulates the JNK signaling pathway, and that cordycepin treatment of human renal cancer cells leads to apoptosis induction through c-FLIPL inhibition. TNF-α-induced inflammatory microenvironments stimulated NF-κB signaling and the c-FLIP long form (c-FLIPL) in TK-10 cells. Specifically, cordycepin inhibited TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation, which induced renal cancer cell apoptosis. Cordycepin downregulated GADD45B and c-FLIPL, but upregulated MKK7 and phospho-JNK, by preventing nuclear mobilization of NF-κB. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of GADD45B in cordycepin-treated TK-10 cells considerably increased MKK7 compared to cordycepin alone. siRNA-mediated knockdown of c-FLIPL prevented TNF-α-induced JNK inactivation, whereas c-FLIPL overexpression inhibited cordycepin-mediated JNK activation. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 strongly inhibited Bax expression. In nude mice, cordycepin significantly decreased tumor volume. Taken together, the results indicate that cordycepin inhibits TNF-α-mediated NF-κB/GADD45B signaling, which activates the MKK7-JNK signaling pathway through inhibition of c-FLIPL expression, thus inducing TK-10 cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hu Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yoon Oh
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Jo
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheon Joo
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that human cancers arise from various tissues of origin that initiate from cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer-initiating cells. The extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways are dysregulated in CSCs, and these cells play crucial roles in tumor initiation, progression, cell death resistance, chemo- and radiotherapy resistance, and tumor recurrence. Understanding CSC-specific signaling proteins and pathways is necessary to identify specific therapeutic targets that may lead to the development of more efficient therapies selectively targeting CSCs. Several signaling pathways-including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), NOTCH1, and Wnt/Β-catenin&and expression of the CSC markers CD133, CD24, CD44, Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and ALDH1A1 maintain CSC properties. Studying such pathways may help to understand CSC biology and lead to the development of potential therapeutic interventions to render CSCs more sensitive to cell death triggered by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Moreover, recent demonstrations of dedifferentiation of differentiated cancer cells into CSC-like cells have created significant complexity in the CSCs hypothesis. Therefore, any successful therapeutic agent or combination of drugs for cancer therapy must eliminate not only CSCs but differentiated cancer cells and the entire bulk of tumor cells. This review article expands on the CSC hypothesis and paradigm with respect to major signaling pathways and effectors that regulate CSC apoptosis resistance. Moreover, selective CSC apoptotic modulators and their therapeutic potential for making tumors more responsive to therapy are discussed. The use of novel therapies, including small-molecule inhibitors of specific proteins in signaling pathways that regulate stemness, proliferation and migration of CSCs, immunotherapy, and noncoding microRNAs may provide better means of treating CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Safa
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Rezk Hassan GF, Marey K. Immunohistopathological Study of c-FLIP Protein in Mycosis Fungoides. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2493-2499. [PMID: 28952283 PMCID: PMC5720656 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.9.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the commonest variant of primary cutaneous T cell lymphoma with several clinicopathologic variants. Defective apoptotic mechanism may be important in the pathogenesis and progression of MF. c-FLIP protein is an important anti-apoptotic marker and chemotherapeutic resistant factor. This study aimed to evaluate the c-FLIP expression in MF and its role in the pathogenesis of MF. Methods: Twenty patients of MF and ten normal persons were included in this study. Skin biopsies were obtained from both patients and controls. They were studied and examined immunohistochemically for the expression of CD4 and c-FLIP. Results: c-FLIP expression was significantly increased in patients when compared to controls in both epidermis and dermis. There were positive correlations between c-FLIP expression and CD4+ expression in both epidermal and dermal lesions of patients group. There were statistically significant positive correlations between c-FLIP expression (in both dermal and epidermal lesions) and the age of patients. c-FLIP expression increased with the tumor progression but with no statistical significance. Conclusion: Defective regulation of apoptosis has been considered as a main cause for accumulation of clonal T cells, and it was related to an increased expression of c-FLIP which may have a role in the pathogenesis of MF. Also, c-FLIP may have prognostic information in MF as its level increased with both age of the patients and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Fawzy Rezk Hassan
- Lecturer of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, 31111, Tanta, Egypt.
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49
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Pouwels SD, Faiz A, den Boef LE, Gras R, van den Berge M, Boezen HM, Korstanje R, ten Hacken NHT, van Oosterhout AJM, Heijink IH, Nawijn MC. Genetic variance is associated with susceptibility for cigarette smoke-induced DAMP release in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L559-L580. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00466.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by unresolved neutrophilic airway inflammation and is caused by chronic exposure to toxic gases, such as cigarette smoke (CS), in genetically susceptible individuals. Recent data indicate a role for damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in COPD. Here, we investigated the genetics of CS-induced DAMP release in 28 inbred mouse strains. Subsequently, in lung tissue from a subset of strains, the expression of the identified candidate genes was analyzed. We tested whether small interfering RNA-dependent knockdown of candidate genes altered the susceptibility of the human A549 cell line to CS-induced cell death and DAMP release. Furthermore, we tested whether these genes were differentially regulated by CS exposure in bronchial brushings obtained from individuals with a family history indicative of either the presence or absence of susceptibility for COPD. We observed that, of the four DAMPs tested, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) showed the highest correlation with neutrophilic airway inflammation. Genetic analyses identified 11 candidate genes governing either CS-induced or basal dsDNA release in mice. Two candidate genes ( Elac2 and Ppt1) showed differential expression in lung tissue on CS exposure between susceptible and nonsusceptible mouse strains. Knockdown of ELAC2 and PPT1 in A549 cells altered susceptibility to CS extract-induced cell death and DAMP release. In bronchial brushings, CS-induced expression of ENOX1 and ARGHGEF11 was significantly different between individuals susceptible or nonsusceptible for COPD. Our study shows that genetic variance in a mouse model is associated with CS-induced DAMP release, and that this might contribute to susceptibility for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D. Pouwels
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alen Faiz
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette E. den Boef
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reneé Gras
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H. Marike Boezen
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nick H. T. ten Hacken
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon J. M. van Oosterhout
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C. Nawijn
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Monteleone NJ, Lutz CS. miR-708-5p: a microRNA with emerging roles in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71292-71316. [PMID: 29050362 PMCID: PMC5642637 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They are crucial for normal development and maintaining homeostasis. Researchers have discovered that dysregulated miRNA expression contributes to many pathological conditions, including cancer. miRNAs can augment or suppress tumorigenesis based on their expression and transcribed targetome in various cell types. In recent years, researchers have begun to identify miRNAs commonly dysregulated in cancer. One recently identified miRNA, miR-708-5p, has been shown to have profound roles in promoting or suppressing oncogenesis in a myriad of solid and hematological tumors. This review highlights the diverse, sometimes controversial findings reported for miR-708-5p in cancer, and the importance of further exploring this exciting miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Monteleone
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, and the School of Graduate Studies, Health Sciences Campus - Newark, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Carol S Lutz
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, and the School of Graduate Studies, Health Sciences Campus - Newark, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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