1
|
Hou Y, Zhao Z, Li P, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Guo C, Nie X, Hou J. Combination therapies with Wnt signaling inhibition: A better choice for prostate cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189186. [PMID: 39332651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
The intractability and high mortality rate of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remain the most challenging problems in the field of prostate cancer (PCa). Emerging evidence has shown that the dysregulation of Wnt signaling pathways, which are highly conserved cascades that regulate embryonic development and maintain tissue homeostasis, is involved in various stages of PCa occurrence and progression. In this review, we systemically discuss the mechanisms by which the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathways participate in the occurrence of PCa and its progression to CRPC. Specifically, we elaborate on how Wnt signaling pathways induce the malignant transformation of prostate cells, promote the malignant progression of PCa and establish an immunosuppressive prostate tumor microenvironment through interaction with the AR pathway or in an AR-independent manner. We also discuss how Wnt signaling pathways enhances the stemness characteristics of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) to induce the occurrence and metastasis of CPPC. Additionally, we discuss the latest progress in the use of different types of drugs that inhibit the Wnt signaling pathways in the treatment of PCa. We believe that the combination of Wnt signaling-based drugs with endocrine and other therapies is necessary and may enhance the clinical efficacy in the treatment of all types of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Kaifeng 155 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co. Ltd., Kaifeng 475003, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Ma'anshan 86 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co. Ltd, Ma'anshan 243100, China
| | - Pan Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yujia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- Kaifeng 155 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co. Ltd., Kaifeng 475003, China
| | - Xiaobo Nie
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Junqing Hou
- Kaifeng 155 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co. Ltd., Kaifeng 475003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
LRP6 Receptor Plays Essential Functions in Development and Human Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010120. [PMID: 35052459 PMCID: PMC8775365 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LRP6 is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor superfamily of cell-surface receptors. It is required for the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. LRP6 is detected in different tissue types and is involved in numerous biological activities such as cell proliferation, specification, metastatic cancer, and embryonic development. LRP6 is essential for the proper development of different organs in vertebrates, such as Xenopus laevis, chickens, and mice. In human, LRP6 overexpression and mutations have been reported in multiple complex diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancers. Clinical studies have shown that LRP6 is involved in various kinds of cancer, such as bladder and breast cancer. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the structure of LRP6 and its interactions with Wnt inhibitors (DKK1, SOST). We also discuss the expression of LRP6 in different model systems, with emphasis on its function in development and human diseases.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ishida T, Koyanagi-Aoi M, Yamamiya D, Onishi A, Sato K, Uehara K, Fujisawa M, Aoi T. Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Testosterone-Producing Leydig-like Cells. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6373541. [PMID: 34549267 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) syndrome, due to a partial lack of testosterone, decreases the quality of life of older men. Testosterone is mainly secreted by Leydig cells in the testes. Leydig cell transplantation is expected to be a promising alternative to conventional testosterone replacement therapy for LOH syndrome. We herein report a simple and robust protocol for directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into Leydig-like cells by doxycycline-inducible overexpression of NR5A1 and treatment with a combination of 8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) and forskolin. The differentiated cells expressed the steroidogenic enzyme genes STAR, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, and HSD3B2 and the specific markers of adult Leydig cells HSD17B3, INSL3, and LHCGR. Furthermore, we confirmed the secretion of functional testosterone from the cells into the culture supernatant by a testosterone-sensitive cell proliferation assay. These findings showed that the hiPSCs were able to be differentiated into Leydig-like cells, supporting the expectation that hiPSC-derived Leydig-like cells can be novel tools for treating LOH syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Ishida
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of iPS cell applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Michiyo Koyanagi-Aoi
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of iPS cell applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamiya
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of iPS cell applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Atsushi Onishi
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of iPS cell applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Katsuya Sato
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of iPS cell applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Uehara
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of iPS cell applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Division of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoi
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of iPS cell applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Sun L, Wang L, Yu H, Yu X, Zou Y. PUM1 modulates trophoblast cell proliferation and migration through LRP6. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:735-740. [PMID: 34734756 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and may cause maternal morbidity and mortality. A better understanding of the essential genes involved in preeclampsia pathophysiology is urgently needed. This study investigated the function and molecular mechanisms of pumilio RNA binding family member 1 (PUM1) in extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs). The interaction between protein and mRNA was verified by RNA pull-down assays, RNA immunoprecipitation assays, and luciferase reporter assays. The mRNA and protein levels of the genes involved were determined by RT-qPCR and western blot assays, respectively. Our results demonstrated that PUM1 could bind to the 3'-untranslated region of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) mRNA, resulting in reduced expression of LRP6 mRNA and protein. Repression of PUM1 resulted in enhanced colony formation, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of EVTs. The PUM1-depletion-mediated promotion effects on EVTs could be abrogated by LRP6 knockdown. PUM1 regulates the growth and mobility of EVTs by modulating LRP6 expression. Developing strategies to balance PUM1 and LRP6 levels may be beneficial for the management of preeclampsia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Yanfen Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A Role for the WNT Co-Receptor LRP6 in Pathogenesis and Therapy of Epithelial Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081162. [PMID: 31412666 PMCID: PMC6721565 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway controls stem and progenitor cell proliferation, survival and differentiation in epithelial tissues. Aberrant stimulation of this pathway is therefore frequently observed in cancers from epithelial origin. For instance, colorectal and hepatic cancers display activating mutations in the CTNNB1 gene encoding β-catenin, or inactivating APC and AXIN gene mutations. However, these mutations are uncommon in breast and pancreatic cancers despite nuclear β-catenin localization, indicative of pathway activation. Notably, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), an indispensable co-receptor for WNT, is frequently overexpressed in colorectal, liver, breast and pancreatic adenocarcinomas in association with increased WNT/β -catenin signaling. Moreover, LRP6 is hyperphosphorylated in KRAS-mutated cells and in patient-derived colorectal tumours. Polymorphisms in the LRP6 gene are also associated with different susceptibility to developing specific types of lung, bladder and colorectal cancers. Additionally, recent observations suggest that LRP6 dysfunction may be involved in carcinogenesis. Indeed, reducing LRP6 expression and/or activity inhibits cancer cell proliferation and delays tumour growth in vivo. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the biological function and regulation of LRP6 in the development of epithelial cancers—especially colorectal, liver, breast and pancreatic cancers.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang ZM, Luo JQ, Xu LY, Zhou HH, Zhang W. Harnessing low-density lipoprotein receptor protein 6 (LRP6) genetic variation and Wnt signaling for innovative diagnostics in complex diseases. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 18:351-358. [PMID: 28696417 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling regulates a broad variety of processes in both embryonic development and various diseases. Recent studies indicated that some genetic variants in Wnt signaling pathway may serve as predictors of diseases. Low-density lipoprotein receptor protein 6 (LRP6) is a Wnt co-receptor with essential functions in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and mutations in LRP6 gene are linked to many complex human diseases, including metabolic syndrome, cancer, Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis. Therefore, we focus on the role of LRP6 genetic polymorphisms and Wnt signaling in complex diseases, and the mechanisms from mouse models and cell lines. It is also highly anticipated that LRP6 variants will be applied clinically in the future. The brief review provided here could be a useful resource for future research and may contribute to a more accurate diagnosis in complex diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z-M Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - J-Q Luo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - L-Y Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - H-H Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuan Y, Xie X, Jiang Y, Wei Z, Wang P, Chen F, Li X, Sun C, Zhao H, Zeng X, Jiang L, Zhou Y, Dan H, Feng M, Liu R, Wang Z, Chen Q. LRP6 is identified as a potential prognostic marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma via MALDI-IMS. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3035. [PMID: 28880263 PMCID: PMC5636978 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with 500 000 new cases each year. However, the mechanisms underlying OSCC development are relatively unknown. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS)-based proteomic strategy was used to profile the differentially expressed peptides/proteins between OSCC tissues and their adjacent noncancerous tissues. Sixty-seven unique peptide peaks and five distinct proteins were identified with changed expression levels. Among them, LRP6 expression was found to be upregulated in OSCC tissues, and correlated with a cluster of clinicopathologic parameters, including smoking, drinking, tumor differentiation status, lymph node metastasis and survival time. Notably, knockdown of LRP6 inhibited the proliferation ability of OSCC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the expression of LRP6 in OSCC cells is positively correlated with its downstream oncogene, FGF8. The present study suggests that LRP6 could be a potential biomarker for OSCC patients, and might further assist in the therapeutic decisions in OSCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangman Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongkui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingye Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|