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Chen Z, Wang L, Cardoso JA, Zhu S, Liu G, Rao IM, Lin Y. Improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency through modification of root growth responses to phosphate starvation in legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1094157. [PMID: 36844096 PMCID: PMC9950756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1094157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential macronutrients for plant growth and development, and it is an integral part of the major organic components, including nucleic acids, proteins and phospholipids. Although total P is abundant in most soils, a large amount of P is not easily absorbed by plants. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is the plant-available P, which is generally immobile and of low availability in soils. Hence, Pi starvation is a major constraint limiting plant growth and productivity. Enhancing plant P efficiency can be achieved by improving P acquisition efficiency (PAE) through modification of morpho-physiological and biochemical alteration in root traits that enable greater acquisition of external Pi from soils. Major advances have been made to dissect the mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to P deficiency, especially for legumes, which are considered important dietary sources for humans and livestock. This review aims to describe how legume root growth responds to Pi starvation, such as changes in the growth of primary root, lateral roots, root hairs and cluster roots. In particular, it summarizes the various strategies of legumes to confront P deficiency by regulating root traits that contribute towards improving PAE. Within these complex responses, a large number of Pi starvation-induced (PSI) genes and regulators involved in the developmental and biochemical alteration of root traits are highlighted. The involvement of key functional genes and regulators in remodeling root traits provides new opportunities for developing legume varieties with maximum PAE needed for regenerative agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | | | - Shengnan Zhu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guodao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Idupulapati M. Rao
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Ou K, He X, Cai K, Zhao W, Jiang X, Ai W, Ding Y, Cao Y. Phosphate-Solubilizing Pseudomonas sp. Strain WS32 Rhizosphere Colonization-Induced Expression Changes in Wheat Roots. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:927889. [PMID: 35847091 PMCID: PMC9279123 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.927889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere colonization is a pre-requisite for the favorable application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Exchange and mutual recognition of signaling molecules occur frequently between plants and microbes. Here, the luciferase luxAB gene was electrotransformed into the phosphate-solubilizing strain Pseudomonas sp. WS32, a type of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium with specific affinity for wheat. A labeled WS32 strain (WS32-L) was applied to determine the temporal and spatial traits of colonization within the wheat rhizosphere using rhizoboxes experimentation under natural condition. The effects of colonization on wheat root development and seedling growth were evaluated, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to explore the transcriptional changes that occur in wheat roots under WS32 colonization. The results showed that WS32-L could survive in the wheat rhizosphere for long periods and could expand into new zones following wheat root extension. Significant increases in seedling fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, root surface area, number of root tips, and phosphorus accumulation in the wheat leaves occurred in response to WS32 rhizosphere colonization. RNA-seq analysis showed that a total of 1485 genes in wheat roots were differentially expressed between the inoculated conditions and the uninoculated conditions. Most of the transcriptional changes occurred for genes annotated to the following functional categories: "phosphorus and other nutrient transport," "hormone metabolism and organic acid secretion," "flavonoid signal recognition," "membrane transport," and "transcription factor regulation." These results are therefore valuable to future studies focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth-promoting activities of PGPR on their host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmiao Ou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyi He
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Weirong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxun Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenfeng Ai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Xing X, Du H, Yang Z, Li X, Kong Y, Li W, Zhang C. GmSPX8, a nodule-localized regulator confers nodule development and nitrogen fixation under phosphorus starvation in soybean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:161. [PMID: 35365088 PMCID: PMC8973899 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is an important nitrogen source for legume plants, and highly efficient nitrogen fixation requires sufficient phosphorus (P). However, the mechanism of maintaining nitrogen fixation of the legume nodules under low P concentration remains largely unknown. RESULTS A nodule-localized SPX protein, GmSPX8, was discovered by transcriptome and functional analysis of its role in N2 fixation was characterized in soybean nodules. GmSPX8 was preferentially expressed in nodules and its expression was gradually increased during nodule development. And also the expression pattern was investigated using reporter gene β-glucuronidase (GUS) driven by the promoter of GmSPX8. GmSPX8 was greatly induced and the GUS activity was increased by 12.2% under P deficiency. Overexpression of GmSPX8 in transgenic plants resulted in increased nodule number, nodule fresh weight and nitrogenase activity by 15.0%, 16.0%, 42.5%, subsequently leading to increased N and P content by 17.0% and 19.0%, while suppression of GmSPX8 showed significantly impaired nodule development and nitrogen fixation efficiency under low P stress. These data indicated that GmSPX8 conferred nodule development and nitrogen fixation under low P condition. By yeast two-hybrid screening, GmPTF1 was identified as a potential interacting protein of GmSPX8, which was further confirmed by BiFC, Y2H and pull down assay. Transcript accumulation of GmPTF1 and its downstream genes such as GmEXLB1 and EXPB2 were increased in GmSPX8 overexpressed transgenic nodules, and in the presence of GmSPX8, the transcriptional activity of GmPTF1 in yeast cells and tobacco leaves was greatly enhanced. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these findings contribute novel insights towards the role of GmSPX8 in nodule development and nitrogen fixation partly through interacting with GmPTF1 in soybean under low P condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Hui Du
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Zhanwu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xihuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Youbin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
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Liu X, Yang Y, Wang R, Cui R, Xu H, Sun C, Wang J, Zhang H, Chen H, Zhang D. GmWRKY46, a WRKY transcription factor, negatively regulates phosphorus tolerance primarily through modifying root morphology in soybean. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 315:111148. [PMID: 35067311 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency affects soybean growth and development, resulting in significant reduction of yields. However, the regulatory mechanism of P deficiency tolerance in soybean is still largely unclear. WRKY transcription factors are a family of regulators involved in a variety of abiotic stresses in plants while rarely reported in P deficiency. Here, we demonstrated that a soybean GmWRKY46 gene, belonging to group III of WRKY TF family, was involved in the regulation of P deficiency tolerance in soybean. The expression of GmWRKY46 in low P sensitive soybean varieties was significantly higher than that in tolerant soybean varieties. It was primarily expressed in roots and strongly induced by P deprivation. GmWRKY46 was localized in the nucleus. Compared with the control expressing the empty vector, overexpression of GmWRKY46 in soybean hairy roots exhibited more sensitive phenotypes to low P stress, while the RNA interfered GmWRKY46 significantly enhanced P deficiency tolerance by increasing the proliferation, elongation and P absorption efficiency of hairy roots. Expression patterns of a number of P-responsive genes (GmPht1;1, GmPht1;4, GmPTF1, GmACP1, GmPAP21 and GmExpansin-A7) were altered in both overexpression and gene silenced plants. The results provided a novel insight into how soybean responds to low P stress and new gene that may be used to improve soybean low P tolerance through gene editing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuming Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ruiyang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ruifan Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Huanqing Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chongyuan Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jinshe Wang
- Zhengzhou National Subcenter for Soybean Improvement, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hengyou Zhang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Yang Z, Gao Z, Zhou H, He Y, Liu Y, Lai Y, Zheng J, Li X, Liao H. GmPTF1 modifies root architecture responses to phosphate starvation primarily through regulating GmEXPB2 expression in soybean. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:525-543. [PMID: 33960526 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Though root architecture modifications may be critically important for improving phosphorus (P) efficiency in crops, the regulatory mechanisms triggering these changes remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that genotypic variation in GmEXPB2 expression is strongly correlated with root elongation and P acquisition efficiency, and enhancing its transcription significantly improves soybean yield in the field. Promoter deletion analysis was performed using 5' truncation fragments (P1-P6) of GmEXPB2 fused with the GUS gene in soybean transgenic hairy roots, which revealed that the P1 segment containing three E-box elements significantly enhances induction of gene expression in response to phosphate (Pi) starvation. Further experimentation demonstrated that GmPTF1, a basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is the regulatory factor responsible for the induction of GmEXPB2 expression in response to Pi starvation. In short, Pi starvation induced expression of GmPTF1, with the GmPTF1 product directly binding to the E-box motif in the P1 region of the GmEXPB2 promoter. Plus, both GmPTF1 and GmEXPB2 highly expressed in lateral roots, and were significantly enhanced by P deficiency. Further work with soybean stable transgenic plants through RNA sequencing analysis showed that altering GmPTF1 expression significantly impacted the transcription of a series of cell wall genes, including GmEXPB2, and thereby affected root growth, biomass and P uptake. Taken together, this work identifies a novel regulatory factor, GmPTF1, involved in changing soybean root architecture partially through regulation of the expression of GmEXPB2 by binding the E-box motif in its promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Yang
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhi Gao
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huiwen Zhou
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ying He
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yanxing Liu
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yelin Lai
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiakun Zheng
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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