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Ungor I, Apidianakis Y. Bacterial synergies and antagonisms affecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence in the human lung, skin and intestine. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:141-155. [PMID: 37843410 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires a significant breach in the host defense to cause an infection. While its virulence factors are well studied, its tropism cannot be explained only by studying its interaction with the host. Why are P. aeruginosa infections so rare in the intestine compared with the lung and skin? There is not enough evidence to claim specificity in virulence factors deployed by P. aeruginosa in each anatomical site, and host physiology differences between the lung and the intestine cannot easily explain the observed differences in virulence. This perspective highlights a relatively overlooked parameter in P. aeruginosa virulence, namely, potential synergies with bacteria found in the human skin and lung, as well as antagonisms with bacteria of the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izel Ungor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, 2109, Cyprus
| | - Yiorgos Apidianakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, 2109, Cyprus
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2
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Gao Y, Wei J, Pu L, Fu S, Xing X, Zhang R, Jin F. Remotely Controllable Engineered Bacteria for Targeted Therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. ACS Synth Biol 2023. [PMID: 37418677 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection has become an intractable problem worldwide due to the decreasing efficacy of the mainstay therapy, antibiotic treatment. Hence, exploring new drugs and therapies to address this issue is crucial. Here, we construct a chimeric pyocin (ChPy) to specifically kill P. aeruginosa and engineer a near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive strain to produce and deliver this drug. Our engineered bacterial strain can continuously produce ChPy in the absence of light and release it to kill P. aeruginosa via remotely and precisely controlled bacterial lysis induced by NIR light. We demonstrate that our engineered bacterial strain is effective in P. aeruginosa-infected wound therapy in the mouse model, as it eradicated PAO1 in mouse wounds and shortened the wound healing time. Our work presents a potentially spatiotemporal and noninvasively controlled therapeutic strategy of engineered bacteria for the targeted treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, JinZhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lu Pu
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Shengwei Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, JinZhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Fan Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, JinZhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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3
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Neidhöfer C, Rathore K, Parčina M, Sieber MA. ESKAPEE Pathogen Biofilm Control on Surfaces with Probiotic Lactobacillaceae and Bacillus species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050871. [PMID: 37237774 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Combatting the rapidly growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and reducing prevalence and transmission of ESKAPEE pathogens in healthcare settings requires innovative strategies, one of which is displacing these pathogens using beneficial microorganisms. Our review comprehensively examines the evidence of probiotic bacteria displacing ESKAPEE pathogens, with a focus on inanimate surfaces. A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases on 21 December 2021, and 143 studies were identified examining the effects of Lactobacillaceae and Bacillus spp. cells and products on the growth, colonization, and survival of ESKAPEE pathogens. While the diversity of study methods limits evidence analysis, results presented by narrative synthesis demonstrate that several species have the potential as cells or their products or supernatants to displace nosocomial infection-causing organisms in a variety of in vitro and in vivo settings. Our review aims to aid the development of new promising approaches to control pathogen biofilms in medical settings by informing researchers and policymakers about the potential of probiotics to combat nosocomial infections. More targeted studies are needed to assess safety and efficacy of different probiotic formulations, followed by large-scale studies to assess utility in infection control and medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Neidhöfer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kamni Rathore
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Functional Gene Analytics, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Marijo Parčina
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin A Sieber
- Institute for Functional Gene Analytics, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
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4
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Lactobacillus plantarum GMNL-662 and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v prevent osteoporosis in mice with colitis by down-regulating Akkermansia in the gut microbiome. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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5
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Kim JK, Yun H, Yeom CH, Kim EJ, Kim W, Lee CS, Kim BG, Jeong HJ. Flow cytometry-based rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using fluorescent antibodies. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34660-34669. [PMID: 36545616 PMCID: PMC9717348 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) are major pathogens frequently detected in food and beverage poisoning, and persistent infections. Therefore, the development of a rapid method that can detect these pathogens before serious multiplication is required. In this study, we established a flow cytometry (FCM)-based detection method that allows rapid acquisition of cell populations in fluid samples by using a fluorescent antibody against S. aureus or P. aeruginosa. Using this method, we detected these pathogens with a 103 to 105 CFU order of limit of detection value within 1 hour. The FCM-based method for the detection of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa offers the possibility of high-throughput analysis of pathogens in food, environmental, and clinical sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Kyung Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Hanool Yun
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik UniversitySejong30016South Korea
| | - Chang-Hun Yeom
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik UniversitySejong30016South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Wooseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760South Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134South Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea,Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik UniversitySejong30016South Korea
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6
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Pu J, Hang S, Liu M, Chen Z, Xiong J, Li Y, Wu H, Zhao X, Liu S, Gu Q, Li P. A Class IIb Bacteriocin Plantaricin NC8 Modulates Gut Microbiota of Different Enterotypes in vitro. Front Nutr 2022; 9:877948. [PMID: 35845772 PMCID: PMC9280423 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.877948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is engaged in multiple interactions affecting host health. Bacteriocins showed the ability of impeding the growth of intestinal pathogenic bacteria and modulating gut microbiota in animals. Few studies have also discovered their regulation on human intestinal flora using an in vitro simulated system. However, little is known about their effect on gut microbiota of different enterotypes of human. This work evaluated the modification of the gut microbiota of two enterotypes (ET B and ET P) by the class IIb bacteriocin plantaricin NC8 (PLNC8) by using an in vitro fermentation model of the intestine. Gas chromatography results revealed that PLNC8 had no influence on the gut microbiota’s production of short-chain fatty acids in the subjects’ samples. PLNC8 lowered the Shannon index of ET B’ gut microbiota and the Simpson index of ET P’ gut microbiota, according to 16S rDNA sequencing. In ET B, PLNC8 enhanced the abundance of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Megamonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Parabacteroides, and Lactobacillus while decreasing the abundance of Streptococcus. Prevotella_9, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Mitsuokella, and Collinsella were found more abundant in ET P. The current study adds to our understanding of the impact of PLNC8 on the human gut microbiota and lays the groundwork for future research into PLNC8’s effects on human intestinal disease.
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Lan H, Liu WH, Zheng H, Feng H, Zhao W, Hung WL, Li H. Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 protects mice with osteoporosis caused by colitis via gut inflammation and gut microbiota regulation. Food Funct 2022; 13:1482-1494. [PMID: 35060590 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02218k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease or related conditions also frequently suffer from osteoporosis as a consequence of changes in the intestinal microenvironment and consequent dysbiosis. We hypothesized that anti-inflammatory probiotic treatment would be sufficient to alleviate intestinal inflammation and thereby prevent the development of osteoporosis. To that end, the ability of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 administration to protect against bone loss in an experimental model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) was analyzed, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were interrogated in detail. The results of these analyses revealed that BL-99 administration suppressed colitis-associated weight loss (P < 0.05), disease activity index scores, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17) (P < 0.05). Colon tissue pathological sections similarly revealed BL-99-mediated reductions in tissue injury severity. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) analyses further exhibited significant improvements in percent bone volume (BV/TV) as well as trabecular number and thickness in BL-99-treated animals (P < 0.05). Such probiotic supplementation also resulted in pronounced changes in the composition of the gut microbiota. Moreover, BL-99 intervention markedly increased the expression of intestinal barrier-related proteins (Claudin-1, MUC2, ZO-1, and Occludin). Together, these results suggest that BL-99 can be utilized as a beneficial probiotic preparation to prevent the incidence of osteoporosis in UC patients owing to its ability to shape the intestinal microflora and to suppress inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lan
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Wei-Hsien Liu
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Hanying Zheng
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Haotian Feng
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Wen Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Wei-Lian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Hongwei Li
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
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8
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Bertelsen A, Elborn JS, Schock BC. Microbial interaction: Prevotella spp. reduce P. aeruginosa induced inflammation in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:682-691. [PMID: 34112603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Cystic Fibrosis (CF) airways, the dehydrated, thick mucus promotes the establishment of persistent polymicrobial infections and drives chronic airways inflammation. This also predisposes the airways to further infections, the vicious, self-perpetuating cycle causing lung damage and progressive lung function decline. The airways are a poly-microbial environment, containing both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections contribute to the excessive inflammatory response in CF, but the role of anaerobic Prevotella spp., frequently found in CF airways, is not known. MATERIALS We assessed innate immune signalling in CF airway epithelial cells in response to clinical strains of P. histicola, P. nigresens and P. aeruginosa. CFBE41o- cells were infected with P. aeruginosa (MOI 100, 2h) followed by infection with P. histicola or P. nigrescens (MOI 100, 2h). Cells were incubated under anaerobic conditions for the duration of the experiments. RESULTS Our study shows that P. histicola and P. nigresens can reduce the growth of P. aeruginosa and dampen the inflammatory response in airway epithelial cells. We specifically illustrate that the presence of the investigated Prevotella spp. reduces Toll-like-receptor (TLR)-4, MAPK, NF-κB(p65) signalling and cytokine release (Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8) in mixed infections. CONCLUSION Our work, for the first time, strongly indicates a relationship between P. aeruginosa and anaerobic Prevotella spp.. The observed modified NF-κB and MAPK signalling indicates some mechanisms underlying this interaction that could offer a novel therapeutic approach to combat chronic P. aeruginosa infection in people with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bertelsen
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Stuart Elborn
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK; Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bettina C Schock
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK.
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9
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Wu XZ, Wen ZG, Hua JL. Effects of dietary inclusion of Lactobacillus and inulin on growth performance, gut microbiota, nutrient utilization, and immune parameters in broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4656-4663. [PMID: 31001631 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary Lactobacillus (BCRC 16092) and inulin on growth performance, intestinal microflora, mineral utilization, and tissue mineral contents were evaluated in broilers. The experiment was conducted using 1,152 one-day-old broilers randomly distributed to 9 treatments in a factorial arrangement (3 × 3) using 3 levels of inulin (0, 1, and 2%) and 3 levels of Lactobacillus addition (108, 109, and 1010 CFU/kg). Broilers (1 D of age; 8 replicates per treatments and 16 broilers per replicate) with an initial body weight of 48.36 ± 0.21g were evaluated for 42 D. A 4-D mineral digestibility trial was conducted during the final week of the experiment. The results showed that Lactobacillus supplementation can increase average daily gain and nutrient digestibility and improve feed/gain in broilers (P < 0.05). Moreover, Lactobacillus and inulin supplementation increased the numbers of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, increased serum concentration of IgG and IgA, and decreased the numbers of Escherichia coli and pH in ileum and cecum. The present study demonstrated Lactobacillus and inulin fed to broilers has a positive effect on gut microbiota, growth and nutrient utilization, immune system, and mineral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Wu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China
| | - Z G Wen
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J L Hua
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China
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10
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Hhm H, Ma M, Jin G, Jin Y, Khalifa I, Zeng Q, Liu Y. Nitroso-hemoglobin Increased the Color Stability and Inhibited the Pathogenic Bacteria in a Minced Beef Model: A Combined Low-field NMR Study. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:704-724. [PMID: 31728442 PMCID: PMC6837893 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study mainly investigated the improvement effect of nitroso-hemoglobin
(NO-Hb) and four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Streptococcus thermophiles,
Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, and
Montessori enterococcus) on the color and microbiological
qualities of raw beef. Three strains of Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus, Salmonella, and
Pseudomonas were used as pathogenic bacteria. The results
showed that both NO-Hb and LAB could enhance the color stability and scavenged
the spoilage bacteria in a minced beef model. But the improvement effect of
NO-Hb was more significant than LAB. This suggested that NO-Hb, as a novel
ingredient, could be used as a promising substitute for nitrite in meat products
to improve the color and safety of meat products. In addition, low field
(LF)-NMR method has been established to be practicable to identify changes in
the relaxation times of water and fat caused by different type of bacteria and
the storage periods. The number of relaxation components in minced beef was
affected by bacteria and increase of the storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Hhm
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,National Food Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Meihu Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Guofeng Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yongguo Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Grimm I, Weinstock M, Birschmann I, Dreier J, Knabbe C, Vollmer T. Strain-dependent interactions of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus with human blood cells. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:210. [PMID: 29078765 PMCID: PMC5658974 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (S. gallolyticus) is the causative pathogen in up to 20% of streptococcal-induced infective endocarditis (IE) cases. However, the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis in S. gallolyticus have not yet been solved. Pathogens causing IE need to employ virulent strategies to initiate and establish infections, such as escape the bloodstream, invade the host-cell, and persist intracellularly. In this study, we examined the induction of inflammation by different S. gallolyticus strains in relation to their survival in whole blood and cell culture models as well as their ability to induce platelet aggregation. Phagocytosis of these bacteria by macrophages, followed by intracellular survival, was also quantified. METHODS In whole blood and THP-1 cell culture assays bacterial growth kinetics was determined by plating, followed by colony counting. Induction of interleukin (IL)-6 expression in whole blood of three healthy volunteers, caused by different strains, was quantified by ELISA. Gene expression of cytokines (IL1B, IL6 and IL8) was quantified by real-time PCR after stimulating THP-1 monocytes with bacteria. Induction of platelet aggregation was analyzed by light transmission aggregometry using the BORN method. A macrophage model was used to analyze phagocytosis of strains and their survival in macrophages within 48 h. RESULTS Strains promoted IL-6 secretion in a time-dependent fashion. For example, DSM16831 induced IL-6 secretion in whole blood earlier than other isolates, and was eliminated in the whole blood of one volunteer, whereas UCN34 could grow. Platelet aggregation depended on the different isolates used and on the individual platelet donor. Two strains (AC1181 and 010672/01) induced cytokine gene expression in THP-1 monocytes only marginally, compared to other strains. The phagocytosis rate of S. gallolyticus isolates differed significantly, and the isolates UCN34 and BAA-2069 could persist for a considerable time in the phagocytes. CONCLUSION The strain-dependent differences of S. gallolyticus isolates, observed during interaction with human blood cells, support the hypotheses that divergences in individual virulence factors determine a distinct pathogenicity of the isolates. These data constitute an additional step towards the elucidation of mechanisms in the complex, multifactorial pathogenesis of this IE pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Grimm
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Melanie Weinstock
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Ingvild Birschmann
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jens Dreier
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Tanja Vollmer
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
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12
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Mishra B, Reiling S, Zarena D, Wang G. Host defense antimicrobial peptides as antibiotics: design and application strategies. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 38:87-96. [PMID: 28399505 PMCID: PMC5494204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with the design and application strategies of new antibiotics based on naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The initial candidate can be designed based on three-dimensional structure or selected from a library of peptides from natural or laboratory sources followed by optimization via structure-activity relationship studies. There are also advanced application strategies such as induction of AMP expression from host cells by various factors (e.g., metals, amino acids, vitamin D and sunlight), the use of engineered probiotic bacteria to deliver peptides, the design of prodrug and peptide conjugates to improve specific targeting. In addition, combined uses of newly developed AMPs with existing antimicrobial agents may provide a practical avenue for effective management of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (superbugs), including biofilms. Finally, we highlight AMPs already in use or under clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA
| | - Scott Reiling
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA
| | - D Zarena
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA; Department of Physics, JNTUA College of Engineering, Anantapur 515002, India
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA.
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