Prevalence of Periapical Lesions in Patients with Osteoporosis

INTRODUCTION

Osteoporosis is a major systemic disease that can significantly deteriorate the quality of life of the affected individuals. It is more common in women, particularly after menopause. Osteoporosis may be associated with alterations in oral health. Treatment of osteoporotic patients mainly involves the administration of bisphosphonates (BPs). Nitrogen-containing BPs are more potent therapeutically and more commonly used. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of periapical lesions in patients with osteoporosis and to evaluate the difference in the prevalence of periapical lesions in patients treated with alendronate and risedronate, 2 nitrogen-containing types of BPs.

METHODS

Integrated data of hospital patients were used. Data from the corresponding diagnosis codes for osteoporosis and periapical periodontitis were retrieved by searching the appropriate query in the database. The odds ratio (OR) of periapical lesions, its association with osteoporosis, and the use of 2 BP medications were calculated and analyzed statistically.

RESULTS

Of 1,644,953 hospital patients, 8715 presented with periapical lesions. A total of 42,292 patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis. A total of 754 patients diagnosed with osteoporosis presented with periapical lesions. The prevalence of periapical lesions in patients with osteoporosis was 1.78% compared with 0.52% in the general patient population of the hospital. The OR for the prevalence of periapical lesions in patients with osteoporosis was 3.36 and was statistically significant (P < .0001). Patients with osteoporosis treated with any type of BPs showed a prevalence of periapical lesions in 1.25% of cases compared with 0.52% in the general patient population of the hospital. The difference in the OR was statistically significant (P < .0001). The OR for the presence of periapical lesions in the osteoporosis group treated with BPs was 2.35 compared with 3.52 in the osteoporosis group not treated with BP. The difference in the OR was statistically significant (P < .0001). Patients treated with alendronate showed an OR of 1.6 for the prevalence of periapical lesions, and the difference in the OR was statistically significant (P < .0001). Patients treated with risedronate showed an OR of 1.34 for the prevalence of periapical lesions, and the difference in the OR was not statistically significant (P = .3502).

CONCLUSIONS

Under the conditions of this study, it appears that the prevalence of periapical lesions is significantly higher in osteoporotic patients. Osteoporotic patients treated with BPs showed a marked reduction in the prevalence of periapical lesions, especially when risedronate was used.

New insight of red seaweed derived Callophycin A as an alternative strategy to treat drug resistance vaginal candidiasis

Marine natural products are recognised as one among the major contributors of several important biological functions. The arguments has made to utilization of natural products against different kinds of infectious diseases. In the present study, Callophycin A was successfully prepared and its anti-candidal activity was evaluated through in-vitro and in-vivo methods. The in-vitro results revealed that, Callophycin A significantly inhibits the azole resistant and sensitive C. albicans. Further, in-vivo animal experiments have shown the effective reduction in CFU of C. albicans from its beginning day of the treatment as compared to the disease control group. At the end of Callophycin A administration, there was a decrease in inflammatory response and immune molecules such as IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-22, TNF-α, macrophages, CD4 and CD8 cells were observed. Whereas the animals in the disease control group expressed all the parameters with the elevated level as compared to the control group. There are no hematological abnormalities such as neutropenia, lymphocytosis and eosinophilia was observed in any animal groups except the disease control group. Finally, the evidence based prediction of anti-candidal efficacious of Callophycin A was demonstrated.

Receptor Binding Inhibitor Suppresses Carcinogenesis of Cervical Cancer by Depressing Levels of FSHR and ERβ in Mice

BACKGROUND

FSH Receptor Binding Inhibitor (FRBI) blocked the binding of FSH to FSHR. Our initial study revealed FRBI reduced the maturation rate, enhanced the apoptosis of sheep Cumulus-Oocyte Complex (COCs). Little is known about whether FRBI modulates ERβ and FSHR levels in the normal uterine and cancerous tissues. The present study aimed to evaluate the FRBI effects on the expressions of Estrogen Receptor-beta (ERβ) and FSH receptor (FSHR) in the uteri.

METHODS

150 mice were assigned to FRBI+FSH (COM), FSH and control groups (CG). Mice of COM-1, COM-2 and COM-3 groups were simultaneously intramuscularly injected with 500, 750 and 1000 µg FRBI with 10 IU FSH, respectively for five days. Western blotting and qPCR were utilized to determine the expression of ERβ and FSHR.

RESULTS

In comparison with FSH group, uterine lumen and glands of COM groups became narrow. The uterine wall and endometrial epithelium were thinned, and uterine lumen became narrow. Epithelial cells were decreased. Uterine wall thicknesses of COM-1, COM-2 and COM-3 groups were reduced by 6.49%, 14.89% and 15.69% on day 30 as compared with FSH group. Uterine perimetrium thicknesses of COM-1, COM-2 and COM-3 groups were reduced by 16.17%, 17.93% and 19.92% on day 20 in comparison with FSH group. Levels of FSHR mRNAs and proteins of COM-1, COM-2 and COM-3 groups were less than FSH group on days 20 and 30 (P<0.05). ERβ protein of COM-3 group was less than FSH group. Serum estradiol (E2) and FSH concentrations of COM-2 and COM-3 were lower than that of FSH group on day 30.

CONCLUSION

FRBI could decrease UWT and UPT, also block the uterine development, decline expression levels of ERβ and FSHR protein. Additionally, FRBI reduced the secretion of secretion of FSH and E2. Downregulating expression of FSHR and ERβ may be a potential treatment regimen for cervical cancer patients.

Follicle stimulating hormone receptor protein is expressed in ovine uterus during the estrous cycle and utero-placenta during early pregnancy: An immunohistochemical study

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a well characterized gonadotropin that controls primarily development and functions of ovarian follicles in mammalian species. FSH binds to a specific G protein-coupled receptor (FSHR) belonging to the glycoprotein hormone receptor family that plays an essential role in reproduction. Although the primary location of FSHR is in the gonads (mainly in ovarian follicles), FSHR protein and/or mRNA have also been detected in extragonadal female reproductive tissues including embryo, placenta, endometrium, cervix, ovarian cancer tissues, and/or endometriotic lesions in several species. To determine the pattern of FSHR expression in the uterus and placenta, uterine tissues were collected at the early, mid- and/or late luteal phases of the estrous cycle from non-treated or FSH-treated ewes, and utero-placental tissues were collected during early pregnancy followed by immunohistochemistry and image generation. FSHR was immunolocalized to several uterine and utero-placental compartments including luminal epithelium, endometrial glands and surrounding stroma, myometrium, and endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells in endometrium, myometrium and mesometrium. Intensity of staining and distribution of FSHR in selected compartments differed and seems to depend on the stage of the estrous cycle or pregnancy, and FSH-treatment. These novel data demonstrate differential expression of FSHR protein indicating that FSH plays a specific role in regulation of uterine and utero-placenta functions in sheep.

MiRNA-143 mediates the proliferative signaling pathway of FSH and regulates estradiol production

MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) play important regulatory roles in many cellular processes. MiR-143 is highly enriched in the mouse ovary, but its roles and underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the current study, we show that miR-143 is located in granulosa cells of primary, secondary and antral follicles. To explore the specific functions of miR-143, we transfected miR-143 inhibitor into primary cultured granulosa cells to study the loss of function of miR-143 and the results showed that miR-143 silencing significantly increased estradiol production and steroidogenesis-related gene expression. Moreover, our in vivo and in vitro studies showed that follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) significantly decreased miR-143 expression. This function of miR-143 is accomplished by its binding to the 3'-UTR of KRAS mRNA. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that miR-143 acts as a negative regulating molecule mediating the signaling pathway of FSH and affecting estradiol production by targeting KRAS. MiR-143 also negatively acts in regulating granulosa cells proliferation and cell cycle-related genes expression. These findings indicate that miR-143 plays vital roles in FSH-induced estradiol production and granulosa cell proliferation, providing a novel mechanism that involves miRNA in regulating granulosa cell functions.

FSH aggravates bone loss in ovariectomised rats with experimental periapical periodontitis

Periapical bone loss is one of the prominent pathological and clinical features of periapical periodontitis. Previous studies have demonstrated that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) could directly affect skeletal remodelling by stimulating the formation and the function of osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect of FSH on periapical bone loss remained to be fully elucidated. In the current study, a rat model was established in order to verify the effect of FSH in experimental periapical lesions. It was identified that FSH aggravated the bone loss of periapical lesions. In addition, RANKL-, TRAP-, TNF-α- and IL-1β-positive cells were increased significantly in FSH-treated groups, which indicated that the function of FSH in bone loss may be mediated through the increasing activity of osteoclasts and the increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The results of the current study suggested that FSH, independent of oestrogen, may aggravate periapical bone loss by FSH receptors, which may serve an important role in the immune and inflammatory response of the host to root canal and periradicular infection during menopause.