Genetic polymorphisms in very important pharmacogenomic (VIP) variants in the Tibetan population

Genetic Analysis of Pharmacogenomic VIP Variants of ABCB1, VDR and TPMT Genes in an Ethnically Isolated Population from the North Caucasus Living in Jordan

Background:

Differences in individual responses to the same medications remarkably differ among populations. A number of genes that play integral roles in drug responses have been designated as very important pharmacogenes (VIP), as they are responsible for differences in drug safety, efficacy, and adverse drug reactions among certain ethnic groups. Identifying the polymorphic distribution of VIP in a range of ethnic groups will be conducive to population-based personalized medicine.

Objective:

The aim of the current study is to identify the polymorphic distribution of VIP regarding the Chechen minority group from Jordan and compare their allele frequencies with other populations.

Methods:

A total of 131 unrelated Chechen individuals from Jordan were randomly recruited for blood collection. Identification of allelic and genotypic frequencies of eleven VIP variants within the genes of interest (ABCB1, VDR and TPMT) was carried out by means of the MassARRAY®System (iPLEX GOLD).

Results:

Within ABCB1, we found that the minor allele frequencies of the rs1128503 (A: 0.43), rs2032582 (A: 0.43), rs1045642 (A: 0.43). For VDR, the minor allele frequencies of rs11568820 (T: 0.18), rs1540339 (T: 0.30), rs1544410 (T: 0.41), rs2228570 (T: 0.24), rs3782905 (C: 0.28) and rs7975232 (C: 0.45). Finally, the minor allele frequencies for the TPMT rs1142345 and rs1800460 polymorphisms were found to be (C: 0.02) and (T: 0.01), respectively.

Conclusion:

Significant differences in allelic frequencies of eleven ABCB1, VDR and TPMT VIP variants were found between Jordanian Chechens and other populations. In our study, most populations that are similar to Chechens are those from South Asian, European (Finnish) and European, including: Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry, Toscani in Italia, Mexican ancestry in Los Angeles and Circassian from Jordan. The level of similarity between Chechens and those populations means that they might have shared high levels of gene flow in the past. The results obtained in this study will contribute to the worldwide pharmacogenomic databases and provide valuable information for future studies and better individualized treatments.

Pharmacogenomic landscape of VIP genetic variants in Jordanian Arabs and comparison with worldwide populations

The pharmacogenomics has lately become a focal field of research that investigates the influence of genetic variations of drug-metabolizing enzymes and their receptors and downstream proteins on the interindividual variability in response to medications and adverse drug reactions. Therefore, it is significantly important to study and analyze the variations in drug response between different ethnic groups and populations. The current study aimed to detect the distribution of the genotype and allele frequencies in several very important pharmacogenetic (VIP) gene polymorphisms in the Jordanian population of Arab descent. This study involved 500 unrelated Jordanian individuals of Arab descent. A total of 65 VIP variants located within 33 candidate genes were randomly selected from the PharmGKB database and genotyped using the MassARRAY (iPLEX GOLD) system. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the significant differences of minor allele and genotype frequencies between the Jordanian and other populations including CHE, ASW, CEU, CHB, CDX, GIH, GBR, JPT, LWK, MXL, TSI, YRI, CAR, and ACB. This study revealed six variants were not in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P-value > 0.05) and ten SNPs showed monomorphic features. Most of the remaining forty-nine variant frequencies were significantly different from the compared ethnic groups (P-value < 0.05). The results of this study may be helpful to develop safer treatment by applying the concept of personalized medicine based on the profile of VIP pharmacogene variants of the Jordanian population of Arab descent.

Genetic polymorphisms analysis of pharmacogenomic VIP variants in Bai ethnic group from China

Background

The pharmacogenomics study has been widely used for the study of very important pharmacogenetic (VIP) variants among different ethnic groups. However, there is little known about the pharmacogenomics information regarding Bai family. Our study aimed to screen the polymorphism of the VIP gene in Bai nationality.

Methods

We genotyped 81 VIP variants (selected from the PharmGKB database) in the Bai population and then compared them to the other 11 major HapMap populations by chi‐square test, structure and F‐statistics (Fst) analysis.

Results

Our results indicated that rs20417 (PTGS2), rs4148323 (UGT1A), and rs1131596 (SLC19A1) were most different in Bai compared with most of the 11 populations from the HapMap data set. Furthermore, population structure and F‐statistics (Fst) analysis also demonstrated that the Bai population has the closest genetic relationship with Han Chinese in Beijing, China (CHB), followed by Japanese in Tokyo, Japan (JPT), and the farthest population from the Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria (YRI).

Conclusions

Our study not only presented the genotype frequency difference between the selected population of the Bai population and the other 11 populations, but also showed that the Bai population is most similar to the CHB populations, followed by JPT. These findings would contribute to the development of individualized medicine for the Bai population.

Population genetic difference of pharmacogenomic VIP gene variants in the Lisu population from Yunnan Province

Individual differences in drug clinical response are related to pharmacogenomics. The genetic variation of drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug receptors, and their downstream protein genes is the main factor causing individual differences in drug response. The genetic backgrounds among different ethnic groups are quite different. In this study, we aimed to detect the distribution difference of genotype frequency in very important pharmacogenetic (VIP) gene variants in the Lisu.Using the chi-squared test, we compared the genotype frequencies of the VIP variants in 105 Lisu people with those in 26 populations from the 1000 Genome project separately. Bonferroni's multiple adjustment was also conducted (P < .05/(26*49)). Moreover, Arlequin v3.5 and Structure v2.3.4 software were used to analyze the genetic distance and genetic structure.There were 9, 9, 11, 12, 11, 11, 9, 17, 13, 13, 16, 5, 3, 5, 3, 4, 17, 14, 16, 17, 16, 10, 13, 12, 10, and 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms that differed in frequency distribution, when Lisu people compared with the 26 populations separately. Only CYP2E1 rs2070676 was different in the Lisu population compared with the 26 groups from the 1000 Genome project. PTGS2 rs5275 and CYP2D6 rs1065852 were different in the Lisu population compared with most of the populations. Additionally, genetic backgrounds of Lisu and Han Chinese in Beijing were closest according to the lowest F-statistics value and resemblance in genetic structures.Our results complete the information of the Lisu population in pharmacogenomics database.

Genetic polymorphisms of pharmacogenomic VIP variants in the Lisu population of southwestern China: A cohort study

Pharmacogenomic studies of different ethnic or racial groups have been used to develop personalized therapies specific to subjects. This study aimed to identify the distribution differences of very important pharmacogenetic (VIP) variants between the Lisu population from southwestern China and other ethnic groups.Eighty VIP variants in 37 genes were selected from the pharmacogenomic knowledge base (PharmGKB), and compared with genotype data of the Lisu population then compared with other 11 populations from the HapMap dataset and previously published data including Miao, Li, Deng, Sherpa, Lhoba, Tibetan, Kirghiz, Tajik, Mongol, Shaanxi Han ethnic, and Uygur populations.VDR rs1540339, MTHFR rs1801131, P2RY1 rs701265, and PTGS2 rs689466 were significantly different between Lisu and 11 HapMap populations. ANKK1 rs1800497 was the least statistical significant locus among selected single nucleotide polymorphisms. In addition, genetic background of Lisu was strongly closest to Shaanxi Han ethnic cohort, and followed by Chinese in metropolitan Denver population based on population structure and F-statistics analyses.Our results showed significant interethnic differences between Lisu and other populations, which will give useful information for prospective studies and better individualized treatments.

Genetic polymorphisms in very important pharmacogenomic variants in the Zhuang ethnic group of Southwestern China: A cohort study in the Zhuang population

Pharmacogenomics, the study of the role of genetics in drug response, has recently become a focal point of research. Previous studies showed that genes associated with drug detoxification vary among different populations. However, pharmacogenomic information of the Zhuang ethnic group is scarce. The aim of the present study was to screen members of the Zhuang ethnicity in southwestern China for genotype frequencies of very important pharmacogenomic (VIP) variants and to determine the differences between the Zhuang ethnicity and other human populations.We genotyped 80 variants of VIP genes in 100 unrelated healthy Zhuang adults from the Yunnan province of China. Next, we analyzed the genotyping data with Structure and F-statistics (Fst).We compared our data with those of other populations using the HapMap data set, and observed that the frequency distribution of Zhuang population in Yunnan closely resembles that of JPT. Furthermore, population structure and Fst analysis showed that the Zhuang population is closely related to the Shaanxi Han population with respect to genetic background.Our study supplements existing information on Zhuang population pharmacogenomics and provides an extensive overview for developing personalized medicine.